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"abstractNote": "We compared the sedimentation and FLOTAC techniques for the detection and quantification of Fasciola hepatica eggs in faecal samples obtained from 120 experimentally-infected rats before intervention, and in 42 rats after drug administration. Additionally, the average time for a single test was determined. A single FLOTAC showed a higher sensitivity (92.6%) than 2, 4 and 8 sedimentation readings (63.0-85.2%) for detecting F. hepatica eggs in rat faeces post-treatment. On average, it took 21 min to prepare and examine a single FLOTAC, whereas 114 min were needed for the sedimentation method including the reading of 8 slides. In both treated and untreated rats, the sedimentation method resulted in higher mean faecal egg counts (FECs) than FLOTAC (P<0.05). In view of the high sensitivity and efficiency, the FLOTAC technique holds promise for experimental work in the F. hepatica-rat model. Additional research is needed to determine the reasons for the observed differences in FECs.",
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"abstractNote": "Physical inactivity increases the risk of many chronic disorders. It is not clear which strategies are the most appropriate to enable people to adopt a more active lifestyle. Randomized controlled trials have found that brief advice from GPs supported by written material had a significant positive effect on patient's physical activity. The pilot project 'Move for Health and the Environment' translated this evidence into a program suitable for the real-life situation of busy practices. The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in physical activity level of the participating patients 1 year after the intervention.\nPatients aged 16-65 years completed a screening questionnaire before consultation with their physician. Insufficiently active patients were offered an information leaflet and a voucher for a physical activity counselling session. One year later, all inactive patients and a random selection of the active were re-contacted and invited to answer identical questions.\nA total of 1239 (73.9%) returned the follow-up questionnaire. In all, 37.3% of the formerly inactive patients met the threshold of sufficient activity at follow-up, whereas 20.3% of the previously active no longer did. Formerly inactive patients reported an increase of 58.8 minutes/week of moderate and 34.6 minutes/week of vigorous activity and spending more time walking and cycling. Formerly active patients reported less time spent in moderate activities.\nSystematic counselling in primary care encouraged insufficiently active patients to adopt a more active lifestyle. Yet it became evident that active patients also need counselling to maintain their activity levels.",
"publicationTitle": "Family Practice",
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"title": "Ambient air pollution and the progression of atherosclerosis in adults",
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{
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{
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{
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"firstName": "John",
"lastName": "Peters"
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{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Howard N",
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"abstractNote": "Cross-sectional studies suggest an association between exposure to ambient air pollution and atherosclerosis. We investigated the association between outdoor air quality and progression of subclinical atherosclerosis (common carotid artery intima-media thickness, CIMT).\nWe examined data from five double-blind randomized trials that assessed effects of various treatments on the change in CIMT. The trials were conducted in the Los Angeles area. Spatial models and land-use data were used to estimate the home outdoor mean concentration of particulate matter up to 2.5 micrometer in diameter (PM2.5), and to classify residence by proximity to traffic-related pollution (within 100 m of highways). PM2.5 and traffic proximity were positively associated with CIMT progression. Adjusted coefficients were larger than crude associations, not sensitive to modelling specifications, and statistically significant for highway proximity while of borderline significance for PM2.5 (P = 0.08). Annual CIMT progression among those living within 100 m of a highway was accelerated (5.5 micrometers/yr [95%CI: 0.13-10.79; p = 0.04]) or more than twice the population mean progression. For PM2.5, coefficients were positive as well, reaching statistical significance in the socially disadvantaged; in subjects reporting lipid lowering treatment at baseline; among participants receiving on-trial treatments; and among the pool of four out of the five trials.\nConsistent with cross-sectional findings and animal studies, this is the first study to report an association between exposure to air pollution and the progression of atherosclerosis--indicated with CIMT change--in humans. Ostensibly, our results suggest that air pollution may contribute to the acceleration of cardiovascular disease development--the main causes of morbidity and mortality in many countries. However, the heterogeneity of the volunteering populations across the five trials, the limited sample size within trials and other relevant subgroups, and the fact that some key findings reached statistical significance in subgroups rather than the sample precludes generalizations to the general population.",
"publicationTitle": "PloS One",
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"title": "Assessing the impact of malaria interventions on morbidity through a community-based surveillance system",
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{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Sandra",
"lastName": "Alba"
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{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Manuel W",
"lastName": "Hetzel"
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{
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"firstName": "Rose",
"lastName": "Nathan"
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"abstractNote": "BACKGROUND: The ACCESS Programme aims at understanding and improving access to prompt and effective malaria treatment in rural Tanzania with a set of integrated interventions targeting both users and providers. The aim of this article is to evaluate the programme's impact on the community and health facility burden of malaria and to investigate the value of community-based reporting for routine malaria control programme monitoring. METHODS: This work was implemented within the Ifakara Demographic Surveillance System (DSS) between 2004 and 2008. At community level the DSS staff routinely collected data on reported history of fever and severe malaria (convulsions) based on a 2-week recall. In parallel, we collected in-patient and out-patient fever and malaria diagnoses data from the 15 health facilities in the area. Treatment-seeking surveys conducted in the study area and nationally representative data were used to validate our measure of community fever. RESULTS: Between 2005 and 2008, community-reported fever incidence rates in children under the age of 5 years declined by 34%, from 4.9 to 3.2 average cases per child per year, whereas convulsions, a marker of severe malaria morbidity in children, decreased by 46%, from 4263 to 2320 cases for every 100 000 children per year. The decrease in the community rates was paralleled by a decrease in the health facility fever rates, although the number of fever cases seen in health facilities did not change because of population growth. Our data showed very good internal and external consistency with independent local and national surveys. CONCLUSIONS: There is an evidence of a substantial decline in the community burden of malaria morbidity between 2005 and 2008 in the Kilombero and Ulanga DSS areas in Tanzania, most likely as a result of malaria control efforts. The good internal and external consistency of the data shows that history of fever in the previous 2 weeks in children under the age of 5 years can be used as a morbidity monitoring tool.",
"publicationTitle": "International Journal of Epidemiology",
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"title": "Factors determining household expenditure for tuberculosis and coping strategies in Tajikistan",
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"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Raffael",
"lastName": "Ayé"
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{
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"firstName": "Kaspar",
"lastName": "Wyss"
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{
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"abstractNote": "Objective: To investigate factors influencing expenditure levels and the use of potentially detrimental coping strategies among tuberculosis (TB) patients. For the purpose of the present study, potentially detrimental coping strategies included borrowing money and selling assets. Method: Questionnaire survey with an initial and a follow-up interview of each adult new pulmonary TB case registered over a period of 4 months, conducted in 12 districts with DOTS in Tajikistan, one of the poorest countries in the world. Results: Patients and their households faced mean expenditures of US$ 396 related to a TB episode. In multivariate mixed-effect regression models, the main determinants of out-of-pocket payments-either over the whole course of the disease or after enrolment in DOTS treatment-were 'complimentary treatment' besides the anti-TB drugs, duration of hospitalization and treatment delay. Complimentary treatment mainly consisted of vitamins and rehydrating infusions. Sex showed no association with expenditure. To cope with the costs of illness, two-thirds of patients employed a potentially detrimental coping strategy. TB patients raised on average US$ 23 through loans with interest, US$ 57 through loans without interest and US$ 102 through selling assets. Conclusion: The catastrophic out-of-pocket payments faced by TB patients are correlated with receiving complimentary treatment, delay to treatment and duration of hospitalisation. The widespread use of potentially detrimental coping strategies illustrates that TB constitutes a substantial risk of impoverishment. More parsimonious use of complimentary treatment and hospitalisation could reduce illness-related costs for patients and should be carefully considered.",
"publicationTitle": "Tropical Medicine & International Health: TM & IH",
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"title": "Metabonomic Investigation of Single and Multiple Strain Trypanosoma brucei brucei Infections",
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"firstName": "Jia V",
"lastName": "Li"
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"lastName": "Saric"
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"abstractNote": "Abstract. Although co-infections are common and can have important epidemiologic and evolutionary consequences, studies exploring biochemical effects of multiple-strain infections remain scarce. We studied metabolic responses of NMRI mice to Trypanosoma brucei brucei single (STIB777AE-Green1 or STIB246BA-Red1) and co-infections using a (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy-based metabolic profiling strategy. All T. b. brucei infections caused an alteration in urinary biochemical composition by day 4 postinfection, characterized by increased concentrations of 2-oxoisocaproate, D-3-hydroxybutyrate, lactate, 4-hydroxyphenylacetate, phenylpyruvate, and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate, and decreased levels of hippurate. Although there were no marked differences in metabolic signatures observed in the mouse infected with a single or dual strain of T. b. brucei, there was a slower metabolic response in mice infected with T. b. brucei green strain compared with mice infected with either the red strain or both strains concurrently. Pyruvate, phenylpyruvate, and hippurate were correlated with parasitemia, which might be useful in monitoring responses to therapeutic interventions.",
"publicationTitle": "The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene",
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"publicationTitle": "Clinical and Experimental Allergy: Journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology",
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"abstractNote": "The outcome of tuberculosis infection and disease is highly variable. This variation has been attributed primarily to host and environmental factors, but better understanding of the global genomic diversity in the M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) suggests that bacterial factors could also be involved. Review of nearly 100 published reports shows that MTBC strains differ in their virulence and immunogenicity in experimental models, but whether this phenotypic variation plays a role in human disease remains unclear. Given the complex interactions between the host, the pathogen and the environment, linking MTBC genotypic diversity to experimental and clinical phenotypes requires an integrated systems epidemiology approach embedded in a robust evolutionary framework.",
"publicationTitle": "Drug Discovery Today. Disease Mechanisms",
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"abstractNote": "For over fifty years, human African trypanosomiasis (HAT, sleeping sickness) has been treated with suramin, pentamidine and the very toxic organo-arsenical melarsoprol that was the only drug available for effective treatment of the second stage of the disease. Recently there have been significant efforts using molecular and biochemical approaches to drug design, including high-throughput screening, but the number of lead compounds with promising activity against T. brucei spp. and an acceptable toxicity index has remained astonishingly small. Clinical research continues to be difficult due to the economic constraints and the complexity of trials on a low prevalence disease in remote and impoverished African regions. Despite those limitations the situation for the patients is improving thanks to the combination of a number of critical factors. By the late 1990s the disease had reached epidemic levels that triggered political support. WHO would sign a donation agreement with the manufacturers for all drugs to treat HAT. A result of this agreement was that eflornithine which is much safer than melarsoprol became available and widely used by non-governmental organizations. The Impamel I and II programmes demonstrated that against all odds the conduct of clinical trials on HAT was feasible. This allowed the initiation of trials on combination therapies which eventually resulted in the nifurtimox-eflornithine combination treatment (NECT). This combination is currently being introduced as first line treatment, and there is even the prospect of having a new compound, fexinidazole, in the development pipeline. This review summarizes the key information about the existing drugs and gives a comprehensive summary about the recent and currently ongoing efforts towards new drugs.",
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"publicationTitle": "Swiss Medical Weekly: Official Journal of the Swiss Society of Infectious Diseases, the Swiss Society of Internal Medicine, the Swiss Society of Pneumology",
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"title": "Effect of an armed conflict on relative socioeconomic position of rural households: case study from western Côte d'Ivoire",
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"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Thomas",
"lastName": "Fürst"
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{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Andres B",
"lastName": "Tschannen"
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"abstractNote": "ABSTRACT:\nCurrent conceptual frameworks on the interrelationship between armed conflict and poverty are based primarily on aggregated macro-level data and/or qualitative evidence and usually focus on adherents of warring factions. In contrast, there is a paucity of quantitative studies about the socioeconomic consequences of armed conflict at the micro-level, i.e., noncommitted local households and civilians.\nWe conducted a secondary analysis of data pertaining to risk factors for malaria and neglected tropical diseases. Standardized questionnaires were administered to 182 households in a rural part of western Côte d'Ivoire in August 2002 and again in early 2004. Between the two surveys, the area was subject to intensive fighting in the Ivorian civil war. Principal component analysis was applied at the two time points for constructing an asset-based wealth-index and categorizing the households in wealth quintiles. Based on quintile changes, the households were labeled as 'worse-off', 'even' or 'better-off'. Statistical analysis tested for significant associations between the socioeconomic fates of households and head of household characteristics, household composition, village characteristics and self-reported events associated with the armed conflict. Most-poor/least-poor ratios and concentration indices were calculated to assess equity changes in households' asset possession.\nOf 203 households initially included in the first survey, 21 were lost to follow-up. The population in the remaining 182 households shrunk from 1,749 to 1,625 persons due to migration and natural population changes. However, only weak socioeconomic dynamics were observed; every seventh household was defined as 'worse-off' or 'better-off' despite the war-time circumstances. Analysis of other reported demographic and economic characteristics did not clearly identify more or less resilient households, and only subtle equity shifts were noted.However, the results indicate significant changes in livelihood strategies with a significant return to agricultural production and a decrease in the diversity of socioeconomic activities.\nSituational constraints and methodological obstacles are inherent in conflict settings and hamper conflict-related socioeconomic research. Furthermore, sensitive methods to assess and meaningfully interpret longitudinal micro-level wealth data from low-income countries are lacking. Despite compelling evidence of socioeconomic dynamics triggered by armed conflicts at the macro-level, we could not identify similar effects at the micro-level. A deeper understanding of household profiles that are more resilient to armed conflict could help to better prevent and/or alleviate adverse conflict-related and increasingly civilian-borne socioeconomic effects.",
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"abstractNote": "Malaria is almost invariably ranked as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Africa. There is growing evidence of a decline in malaria transmission, morbidity and mortality over the last decades, especially so in East Africa. However, there is still doubt whether this decline is reflected in a reduction of the proportion of malaria among fevers. The objective of this systematic review was to estimate the change in the Proportion of Fevers associated with Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia (PFPf) over the past 20 years in sub-Saharan Africa.\nSearch strategy. In December 2009, publications from the National Library of Medicine database were searched using the combination of 16 MeSH terms.Selection criteria. Inclusion criteria: studies 1) conducted in sub-Saharan Africa, 2) patients presenting with a syndrome of 'presumptive malaria', 3) numerators (number of parasitologically confirmed cases) and denominators (total number of presumptive malaria cases) available, 4) good quality microscopy.Data collection and analysis. The following variables were extracted: parasite presence/absence, total number of patients, age group, year, season, country and setting, clinical inclusion criteria. To assess the dynamic of PFPf over time, the median PFPf was compared between studies published in the years ≤2000 and > 2000.\n39 studies conducted between 1986 and 2007 in 16 different African countries were included in the final analysis. When comparing data up to year 2000 (24 studies) with those afterwards (15 studies), there was a clear reduction in the median PFPf from 44% (IQR 31-58%; range 7-81%) to 22% (IQR 13-33%; range 2-77%). This dramatic decline is likely to reflect a true change since stratified analyses including explanatory variables were performed and median PFPfs were always lower after 2000 compared to before.\nThere was a considerable reduction of the proportion of malaria among fevers over time in Africa. This decline provides evidence for the policy change from presumptive anti-malarial treatment of all children with fever to laboratory diagnosis and treatment upon result. This should insure appropriate care of non-malaria fevers and rationale use of anti-malarials.",
"publicationTitle": "Malaria Journal",
"publisher": "",
"place": "",
"date": "2010",
"volume": "9",
"issue": "",
"section": "",
"partNumber": "",
"partTitle": "",
"pages": "240",
"series": "",
"seriesTitle": "",
"seriesText": "",
"journalAbbreviation": "Malar. J",
"DOI": "10.1186/1475-2875-9-240",
"citationKey": "",
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20727214",
"accessDate": "2011-01-18T17:32:19Z",
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"shortTitle": "Reduction in the proportion of fevers associated with Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia in Africa",
"language": "",
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"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Adult",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Africa South of the Sahara",
"type": 1
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"tag": "Aged",
"type": 1
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{
"tag": "Aged, 80 and over",
"type": 1
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"type": 1
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"tag": "Infant",
"type": 1
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"type": 1
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"tag": "Malaria, Falciparum",
"type": 1
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"tag": "Male",
"type": 1
},
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"tag": "Middle Aged",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Parasitemia",
"type": 1
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{
"tag": "Plasmodium falciparum",
"type": 1
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{
"tag": "Young Adult",
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"title": "Quantification of Self Pollution from Two Diesel School Buses using Three Independent Methods",
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"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "L-J Sally",
"lastName": "Liu"
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{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Harish C",
"lastName": "Phuleria"
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"lastName": "Webber"
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"firstName": "Mark",
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"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Douglas R",
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"firstName": "Robert G",
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"lastName": "Zielinska"
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"firstName": "John M",
"lastName": "Ondov"
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{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Christopher S",
"lastName": "Weaver"
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{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Charles A",
"lastName": "Lapin"
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{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Michael",
"lastName": "Easter"
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"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Thomas W",
"lastName": "Hesterberg"
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"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Timothy",
"lastName": "Larson"
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"abstractNote": "We monitored two Seattle school buses to quantify the buses' self pollution using the dual tracers (DT), lead vehicle (LV), and chemical mass balance (CMB) methods. Each bus drove along a residential route simulating stops, with windows closed or open. Particulate matter (PM) and its constituents were monitored in the bus and from a LV. We collected source samples from the tailpipe and crankcase emissions using an on-board dilution tunnel. Concentrations of PM(1), ultrafine particle counts, elemental and organic carbon (EC/OC) were higher on the bus than the LV. The DT method estimated that the tailpipe and the crankcase emissions contributed 1.1 and 6.8 mug/m(3) of PM(2.5) inside the bus, respectively, with significantly higher crankcase self pollution (SP) when windows were closed. Approximately two-thirds of in-cabin PM(2.5) originated from background sources. Using the LV approach, SP estimates from the EC and the active personal DataRAM (pDR) measurements correlated well with the DT estimates for tailpipe and crankcase emissions, respectively, although both measurements need further calibration for accurate quantification. CMB results overestimated SP from the DT method but confirmed crankcase emissions as the major SP source. We confirmed buses' SP using three independent methods and quantified crankcase emissions as the dominant contributor.",
"publicationTitle": "Atmospheric Environment (Oxford, England: 1994)",
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"date": "Sep 1, 2010",
"volume": "44",
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"DOI": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.06.005",
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"title": "Serodiagnosis of Echinococcus spp. infection: explorative selection of diagnostic antigens by peptide microarray",
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"firstName": "Claudia",
"lastName": "List"
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"firstName": "Weihong",
"lastName": "Qi"
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"firstName": "Eva",
"lastName": "Maag"
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"firstName": "Bruno",
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"firstName": "Norbert",
"lastName": "Müller"
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"firstName": "Ingrid",
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"abstractNote": "Production of native antigens for serodiagnosis of helminthic infections is laborious and hampered by batch-to-batch variation. For serodiagnosis of echinococcosis, especially cystic disease, most screening tests rely on crude or purified Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cyst fluid. To resolve limitations associated with native antigens in serological tests, the use of standardized and highly pure antigens produced by chemical synthesis offers considerable advantages, provided appropriate diagnostic sensitivity and specificity is achieved.\nMaking use of the growing collection of genomic and proteomic data, we applied a set of bioinformatic selection criteria to a collection of protein sequences including conceptually translated nucleotide sequence data of two related tapeworms, Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus. Our approach targeted alpha-helical coiled-coils and intrinsically unstructured regions of parasite proteins potentially exposed to the host immune system. From 6 proteins of E. multilocularis and 5 proteins of E. granulosus, 45 peptides between 24 and 30 amino acids in length were designed. These peptides were chemically synthesized, spotted on microarrays and screened for reactivity with sera from infected humans. Peptides reacting above the cut-off were validated in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Peptides identified failed to differentiate between E. multilocularis and E. granulosus infection. The peptide performing best reached 57% sensitivity and 94% specificity. This candidate derived from Echinococcus multilocularis antigen B8/1 and showed strong reactivity to sera from patients infected either with E. multilocularis or E. granulosus.\nThis study provides proof of principle for the discovery of diagnostically relevant peptides by bioinformatic selection complemented with screening on a high-throughput microarray platform. Our data showed that a single peptide cannot provide sufficient diagnostic sensitivity whereas pooling several peptide antigens improved sensitivity; thus combinations of several peptides may lead the way to new diagnostic tests that replace, or at least complement conventional immunodiagnosis of echinococcosis. Our strategy could prove useful for diagnostic developments in other pathogens.",
"publicationTitle": "PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases",
"publisher": "",
"place": "",
"date": "2010",
"volume": "4",
"issue": "8",
"section": "",
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"partTitle": "",
"pages": "e771",
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"journalAbbreviation": "PLoS Negl Trop Dis",
"DOI": "10.1371/journal.pntd.0000771",
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"title": "Bottlenecks and the maintenance of minor genotypes during the life cycle of Trypanosoma brucei",
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"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Michael",
"lastName": "Oberle"
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"firstName": "Oliver",
"lastName": "Balmer"
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"lastName": "Roditi"
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"abstractNote": "African trypanosomes are digenetic parasites that undergo part of their developmental cycle in mammals and part in tsetse flies. We established a novel technique to monitor the population dynamics of Trypanosoma brucei throughout its life cycle while minimising the confounding factors of strain differences or variation in fitness. Clones derived from a single trypanosome were tagged with short synthetic DNA sequences in a non-transcribed region of the genome. Infections were initiated with mixtures of tagged parasites and a combination of polymerase chain reaction and deep sequencing were used to monitor the composition of populations throughout the life cycle. This revealed that a minimum of several hundred parasites survived transmission from a tsetse fly to a mouse, or vice versa, and contributed to the infection in the new host. In contrast, the parasites experienced a pronounced bottleneck during differentiation and migration from the midgut to the salivary glands of tsetse. In two cases a single tag accounted for > or =99% of the population in the glands, although minor tags could be also detected. Minor tags were transmitted to mice together with the dominant tag(s), persisted during a chronic infection, and survived transmission to a new insect host. An important outcome of the bottleneck within the tsetse is that rare variants can be amplified in individual flies and disseminated by them. This is compatible with the epidemic population structure of T. brucei, in which clonal expansion of a few genotypes in a region occurs against a background of frequent recombination between strains.",
"publicationTitle": "PLoS Pathogens",
"publisher": "",
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"title": "Transmission Dynamics of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza at Lake Constance (Europe) During the Outbreak of Winter 2005-2006",
"creators": [
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "M A",
"lastName": "Penny"
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{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "J",
"lastName": "Saurina"
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{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "I",
"lastName": "Keller"
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"firstName": "L",
"lastName": "Jenni"
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"firstName": "H-G",
"lastName": "Bauer"
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"firstName": "W",
"lastName": "Fiedler"
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"firstName": "J",
"lastName": "Zinsstag"
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"abstractNote": "Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI) H5N1 poses a serious threat to domestic animals. Despite the large number of studies on influenza A virus in waterbirds, little is still known about the transmission dynamics, including prevalence, behavior, and spread of these viruses in the wild waterbird population. From January to April 2006, the HPAI H5N1 virus was confirmed in 82 dead wild waterbirds at the shores of Lake Constance. In this study, we present simple mathematical models to examine this outbreak and to investigate the transmission dynamics of HPAI in wild waterbirds. The population dynamics model of wintering birds was best represented by a sinusoidal function. This model was considered the most adequate to represent the susceptible compartment of the SIR model. The three transmission models predict a basic reproduction ratio (R (0)) with value of approximately 1.6, indicating a small epidemic, which ended with the migration of susceptible wild waterbirds at the end of the winter. With this study, we quantify for the first time the transmission of HPAI H5N1 virus at Lake Constance during the outbreak of winter 2005-2006. It is a step toward the improvement of the knowledge of transmission of the virus among wild waterbirds.",
"publicationTitle": "EcoHealth",
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"lastName": "Röltgen"
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"lastName": "Qi"
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{
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"firstName": "Marie-Thérèse",
"lastName": "Ruf"
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{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Ernestina",
"lastName": "Mensah-Quainoo"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Sacha J",
"lastName": "Pidot"
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{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Torsten",
"lastName": "Seemann"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Timothy P",
"lastName": "Stinear"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Michael",
"lastName": "Käser"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Dorothy",
"lastName": "Yeboah-Manu"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Gerd",
"lastName": "Pluschke"
}
],
"abstractNote": "Buruli ulcer (BU) is an emerging necrotizing disease of the skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. While proximity to stagnant or slow flowing water bodies is a risk factor for acquiring BU, the epidemiology and mode of M. ulcerans transmission is poorly understood. Here we have used high-throughput DNA sequencing and comparisons of the genomes of seven M. ulcerans isolates that appeared monomorphic by existing typing methods. We identified a limited number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and developed a real-time PCR SNP typing method based on these differences. We then investigated clinical isolates of M. ulcerans on which we had detailed information concerning patient location and time of diagnosis. Within the Densu river basin of Ghana we observed dominance of one clonal complex and local clustering of some of the variants belonging to this complex. These results reveal focal transmission and demonstrate, that micro-epidemiological analyses by SNP typing has great potential to help us understand how M. ulcerans is transmitted.",
"publicationTitle": "PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases",
"publisher": "",
"place": "",
"date": "2010",
"volume": "4",
"issue": "7",
"section": "",
"partNumber": "",
"partTitle": "",
"pages": "e751",
"series": "",
"seriesTitle": "",
"seriesText": "",
"journalAbbreviation": "PLoS Negl Trop Dis",
"DOI": "10.1371/journal.pntd.0000751",
"citationKey": "",
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20652033",
"accessDate": "2011-01-18T17:33:45Z",
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"extra": "PMID: 20652033",
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"tag": "Adolescent",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Adult",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Aged",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Bacterial Typing Techniques",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Buruli Ulcer",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Child",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Child, Preschool",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "DNA, Bacterial",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Endemic Diseases",
"type": 1
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"tag": "Genotype",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Ghana",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Humans",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Middle Aged",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Molecular Epidemiology",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Mycobacterium ulcerans",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Sequence Analysis, DNA",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Young Adult",
"type": 1
}
],
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"relations": {},
"dateAdded": "2011-01-18T17:36:33Z",
"dateModified": "2011-01-18T17:36:33Z"
}
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"creatorSummary": "Ziegelbauer et al.",
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"itemType": "journalArticle",
"title": "Self-rated quality of life and school performance in relation to helminth infections: case study from Yunnan, People's Republic of China",
"creators": [
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Kathrin",
"lastName": "Ziegelbauer"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Peter",
"lastName": "Steinmann"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Hui",
"lastName": "Zhou"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Zun-Wei",
"lastName": "Du"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Jin-Yong",
"lastName": "Jiang"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Thomas",
"lastName": "Fürst"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Tie-Wu",
"lastName": "Jia"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Xiao-Nong",
"lastName": "Zhou"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Jürg",
"lastName": "Utzinger"
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"abstractNote": "ABSTRACT:\nExpert opinion-derived disability weights are widely employed for estimating the global burden of diseases and injuries. For chronic diseases such as soil-transmitted helminthiasis and schistosomiasis, it has been suggested that a patient-based quality of life (QoL) approach should be considered for a more accurate appraisal of disability weights.\nWe carried out a cross-sectional survey and assessed the prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminth infections as well as self-rated QoL indicators among 252 students attending grades 5-8 in two schools (Bulangshan and Pu'er) in Yunnan province, People's Republic of China. Each student provided a single stool sample, which was subjected to duplicate Kato-Katz thick smear readings and a single FLOTAC examination for parasitological diagnosis. Prevalence rates for hookworm, Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris lumbricoides were high in Bulangshan (75.9%, 70.0% and 68.2%), while the respective prevalence rates in Pu'er were 66.9%, 56.5% and 9.2%. Students were interviewed with two standardised questionnaires, the EuroQoL-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) and ShortForm-12 (SF-12) Health Survey. Impairment in any of the five dimensions of the EQ-5D was reported by 87% of the students. However, no clear differences could be observed between individuals with and those without helminth infections, and there were discrepancies between the two schools. A multivariate logistic regression model revealed no differences between students with varying infection status in the domains of the SF-12 (odds ratio close to 1.0). Somewhat more pronounced, yet not statistically significant differences were observed when end-of-school-term marks were compared with students' helminth infection status: infected individuals had lower marks in Chinese, English and mathematics, but not in sports, compared to their helminth-free counterparts.\nOur results point to unresolved issues and challenges regarding the cultural appropriateness of the widely used standard QoL questionnaires. Hence, new research is needed to further develop these instruments and to validate them in connection with chronic parasitic diseases.",
"publicationTitle": "Parasites & Vectors",
"publisher": "",
"place": "",
"date": "2010",
"volume": "3",
"issue": "",
"section": "",
"partNumber": "",
"partTitle": "",
"pages": "61",
"series": "",
"seriesTitle": "",
"seriesText": "",
"journalAbbreviation": "Parasit Vectors",
"DOI": "10.1186/1756-3305-3-61",
"citationKey": "",
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20650011",
"accessDate": "2011-01-18T17:34:03Z",
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"PMCID": "",
"ISSN": "1756-3305",
"archive": "",
"archiveLocation": "",
"shortTitle": "Self-rated quality of life and school performance in relation to helminth infections",
"language": "",
"libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed",
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"rights": "",
"extra": "PMID: 20650011",
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"dateAdded": "2011-01-18T17:36:33Z",
"dateModified": "2011-01-18T17:36:33Z"
}
}
]