[ { "key": "K84TK9JX", "version": 106983, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 340666, "name": "CCNLab", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/340666/items/K84TK9JX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab/items/K84TK9JX", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2407002, "username": "thazy", "name": "Thomas E. Hazy, MD", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/thazy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Gu et al.", "parsedDate": "2018-10-18", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "K84TK9JX", "version": 106983, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A map-like micro-organization of grid cells in the medial entorhinal cortex", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Yi", "lastName": "Gu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sam", "lastName": "Lewallen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Amina A.", "lastName": "Kinkhabwala" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Cristina", "lastName": "Domnisoru" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kijung", "lastName": "Yoon" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jeffrey L.", "lastName": "Gauthier" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ila R.", "lastName": "Fiete" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David W.", "lastName": "Tank" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Cell", "publisher": "Elsevier", "place": "", "date": "2018-10-18", "volume": "175", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "736-750.e30", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Cell", "DOI": "10.1016/j.cell.2018.08.066", "citationKey": "GuLewallenKinkhabwalaEtAl18", "url": "https://www.cell.com/cell/abstract/S0092-8674(18)31167-X", "accessDate": "2026-11-07T02:05:59Z", "PMID": "30270041", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0092-8674, 1097-4172", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "www.cell.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "calcium imaging", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "continuous attractor network models", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "grid cell", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "grid module", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "grid phase", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "medial entorhinal cortex", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "microprism", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "pyramidal cell", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "stellate cell", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "virtual reality", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-11-07T02:05:59Z", "dateModified": "2026-11-07T02:06:14Z" } }, { "key": "RZPGGKQ9", "version": 106986, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 340666, "name": "CCNLab", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/340666/items/RZPGGKQ9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab/items/RZPGGKQ9", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/340666/items/K84TK9JX", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2407002, "username": "thazy", "name": "Thomas E. Hazy, MD", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/thazy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "RZPGGKQ9", "version": 106986, "parentItem": "K84TK9JX", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2026-11-07T02:06:02Z", "url": "https://www.cell.com/cell/pdf/S0092-8674(18)31167-X.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "GuLewallenKinkhabwalaEtAl18.pdf", "md5": "ab4c897349149609b5fccf64542d1d27", "mtime": 1794017162241, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-11-07T02:06:02Z", "dateModified": "2026-11-07T02:06:02Z" } }, { "key": "5VEQA4RC", "version": 106985, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 340666, "name": "CCNLab", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/340666/items/5VEQA4RC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab/items/5VEQA4RC", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/340666/items/K84TK9JX", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2407002, "username": "thazy", "name": "Thomas E. Hazy, MD", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/thazy", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "5VEQA4RC", "version": 106985, "parentItem": "K84TK9JX", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2026-11-07T02:06:00Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30270041", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-11-07T02:06:00Z", "dateModified": "2026-11-07T02:06:00Z" } }, { "key": "UQKZUPYK", "version": 106982, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 340666, "name": "CCNLab", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/340666/items/UQKZUPYK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab/items/UQKZUPYK", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 21256297, "username": "kenapear", "name": "Kenadi Pearson", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kenapear", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Humphreys et al.", "parsedDate": "2015", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "UQKZUPYK", "version": 106982, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Exploration—exploitation strategy is dependent on early experience.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kathryn L.", "lastName": "Humphreys" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Steve S.", "lastName": "Lee" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Eva H.", "lastName": "Telzer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Laurel J.", "lastName": "Gabard-Durnam" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bonnie", "lastName": "Goff" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jessica", "lastName": "Flannery" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nim", "lastName": "Tottenham" } ], "abstractNote": "Traditional conceptualizations of early adversity characterize behavioral outcomes as maladaptive. However, conditional adaptation theory proposes that differing behavioral phenotypes following early experience are appropriate for the expected environment (e.g., behaviors likely to result in the best outcome based on environmental expectations). In the present study, youth with (n = 46) and without (n = 91) a history of previous institutionalization completed a laboratory-based experimental paradigm in which exploration—exploitation strategy was examined, a phenotype relevant to environmental expectations. Previous institutionalization was associated with decreased exploration and increased exploitation. A strategy favoring exploration resulted in greater success in the generous task condition whereas a strategy favoring exploitation produced greater success in the restricted task condition. These results suggest that exploration—exploitation strategy may be influenced by early experience, and the resulting success of strategy choice is context dependent and in line with expectations of the future environment based on early experience. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 57: 313–321, 2015.", "publicationTitle": "Developmental Psychobiology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2015", "volume": "57", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "313-321", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1002/dev.21293", "citationKey": "HumphreysLeeTelzerEtAl15", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/dev.21293", "accessDate": "2026-09-03T22:59:08Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1098-2302", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "conditional adaptation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "exploitation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "exploration", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "previous institutionalization", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "separation anxiety", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-09-03T22:59:08Z", "dateModified": "2026-11-05T18:53:02Z" } }, { "key": "GY8XID8Y", "version": 106980, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 340666, "name": "CCNLab", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/340666/items/GY8XID8Y", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab/items/GY8XID8Y", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 21256297, "username": "kenapear", "name": "Kenadi Pearson", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kenapear", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Turkheimer et al.", "parsedDate": "2003-11-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "GY8XID8Y", "version": 106980, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Socioeconomic status modifies heritability of IQ in young children", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Eric", "lastName": "Turkheimer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Andreana", "lastName": "Haley" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mary", "lastName": "Waldron" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Brian", "lastName": "D'Onofrio" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Irving I.", "lastName": "Gottesman" } ], "abstractNote": "Scores on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children were analyzed in a sample of 7-year-old twins from the National Collaborative Perinatal Project. A substantial proportion of the twins were raised in families living near or below the poverty level. Biometric analyses were conducted using models allowing for components attributable to the additive effects of genotype, shared environment, and non-shared environment to interact with socioeconomic status (SES) measured as a continuous variable. Results demonstrate that the proportions of IQ variance attributable to genes and environment vary nonlinearly with SES. The models suggest that in impoverished families, 60% of the variance in IQ is accounted for by the shared environment, and the contribution of genes is close to zero; in affluent families, the result is almost exactly the reverse.", "publicationTitle": "Psychological Science", "publisher": "SAGE Publications Inc", "place": "", "date": "2003-11-01", "volume": "14", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "623-628", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Psychol Sci", "DOI": "10.1046/j.0956-7976.2003.psci_1475.x", "citationKey": "TurkheimerHaleyWaldronEtAl03", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0956-7976.2003.psci_1475.x", "accessDate": "2026-09-03T23:36:44Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0956-7976", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "EN", "libraryCatalog": "SAGE Journals", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": { "dc:replaces": "http://zotero.org/groups/340666/items/UCH7WARW" }, "dateAdded": "2015-04-01T06:29:02Z", "dateModified": "2026-11-05T18:43:57Z" } }, { "key": "BQNCGF4U", "version": 106979, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 340666, "name": "CCNLab", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/340666/items/BQNCGF4U", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab/items/BQNCGF4U", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 21256297, "username": "kenapear", "name": "Kenadi Pearson", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kenapear", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Pollak and Smith", "parsedDate": "2026", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "BQNCGF4U", "version": 106979, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Conceptual and methodological issues in studying early adversity and development", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Seth D.", "lastName": "Pollak" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Karen E.", "lastName": "Smith" } ], "abstractNote": "Early life adversity is associated with many negative health, behavioral, and cognitive outcomes. However, the causal mechanisms underlying these associations remain obscure, making it difficult to design targeted interventions for individuals most at risk. Current approaches focus almost exclusively on event exposures, but given that data using these approaches have been inconsistent, there is a need for new models for characterizing adversity. We propose the Topological Approach to Adversity and Development, which, rather than focusing on the types of events children encounter, prioritizes understanding how children perceive, interpret, and make meaning of their circumstances. A focus on the developmental dimensions that contribute to how individuals interpret and learn to respond to potentially challenging life circumstances could renew and advance mechanistic accounts of childhood adversity. Such an approach has implications for the basic science of human stress responding as well as practical implications for improvements to individual well-being and health.", "publicationTitle": "Annual Review of Clinical Psychology", "publisher": "Annual Reviews", "place": "", "date": "2026", "volume": "22", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "187-214", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-061724-091000", "citationKey": "PollakSmith26", "url": "https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-061724-091000", "accessDate": "2026-09-03T23:49:29Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1548-5951", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Annual Reviews", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-09-03T23:49:29Z", "dateModified": "2026-11-05T18:43:35Z" } }, { "key": "Q2ZXBIBH", "version": 106978, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 340666, "name": "CCNLab", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/340666/items/Q2ZXBIBH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab/items/Q2ZXBIBH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 21256297, "username": "kenapear", "name": "Kenadi Pearson", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kenapear", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Platt et al.", "parsedDate": "2018-07-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "Q2ZXBIBH", "version": 106978, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Targeted estimation of the relationship between childhood adversity and fluid intelligence in a US population sample of adolescents", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jonathan M", "lastName": "Platt" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Katie A", "lastName": "McLaughlin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alex R", "lastName": "Luedtke" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jennifer", "lastName": "Ahern" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alan S", "lastName": "Kaufman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Katherine M", "lastName": "Keyes" } ], "abstractNote": "Many studies have shown inverse associations between childhood adversity and intelligence, although most are based on small clinical samples and fail to account for the effects of multiple co-occurring adversities. Using data from the 2001–2004 National Comorbidity Survey Adolescent Supplement, a cross-sectional US population study of adolescents aged 13–18 years (n = 10,073), we examined the associations between 11 childhood adversities and intelligence, using targeted maximum likelihood estimation. Targeted maximum likelihood estimation incorporates machine learning to identify the relationships between exposures and outcomes without overfitting, including interactions and nonlinearity. The nonverbal score from the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test was used as a standardized measure of fluid reasoning. Childhood adversities were grouped into deprivation and threat types based on recent conceptual models. Adjusted marginal mean differences compared the mean intelligence score if all adolescents experienced each adversity to the mean in the absence of the adversity. The largest associations were observed for deprivation-type experiences, including poverty and low parental education, which were related to reduced intelligence. Although lower in magnitude, threat events related to intelligence included physical abuse and witnessing domestic violence. Violence prevention and poverty-reduction measures would likely improve childhood cognitive outcomes.", "publicationTitle": "American Journal of Epidemiology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2018-07-01", "volume": "187", "issue": "7", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1456-1466", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Am J Epidemiol", "DOI": "10.1093/aje/kwy006", "citationKey": "PlattMcLaughlinLuedtkeEtAl18", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwy006", "accessDate": "2026-09-03T23:58:28Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0002-9262", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Silverchair", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-09-03T23:58:28Z", "dateModified": "2026-11-05T18:43:16Z" } }, { "key": "9ABKUNDF", "version": 106977, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 340666, "name": "CCNLab", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/340666/items/9ABKUNDF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab/items/9ABKUNDF", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 21256297, "username": "kenapear", "name": "Kenadi Pearson", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kenapear", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Munakata et al.", "parsedDate": "2023-12-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "9ABKUNDF", "version": 106977, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "What’s next? Advances and challenges in understanding how environmental predictability shapes the development of cognitive control", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Yuko", "lastName": "Munakata" }, { "creatorType": "author", "name": "Diego Placido" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Winnie", "lastName": "Zhuang" } ], "abstractNote": "Forming predictions about what will happen next in the world happens early in development, without instruction, and across species. Some environments support more accurate predictions. These more predictable environments also support what appear to be positive developmental trajectories, including increases in cognitive control over thoughts and actions. Such consequences of predictable environments have broad-reaching implications for society and have been explained across ecological, psychological, computational, and neural frameworks. However, many challenges remain in understanding the effects of environmental predictability, including adaptive responses to unpredictable environments and the mechanisms underlying the effects of predictable environments on developmental trajectories. Future work addressing different dimensions of predictability—across timescales, locations, actions, people, and outcomes—and their interactions will advance the ability to understand, predict, and support developmental trajectories.", "publicationTitle": "Current Directions in Psychological Science", "publisher": "SAGE Publications Inc", "place": "", "date": "2023-12-01", "volume": "32", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "431-438", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Curr Dir Psychol Sci", "DOI": "10.1177/09637214231199102", "citationKey": "MunakataPlacidoZhuang23", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214231199102", "accessDate": "2026-09-02T23:40:39Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0963-7214", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "What’s next?", "language": "EN", "libraryCatalog": "SAGE Journals", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-09-02T23:40:39Z", "dateModified": "2026-11-05T18:42:33Z" } }, { "key": "KN5K8TXL", "version": 106976, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 340666, "name": "CCNLab", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/340666/items/KN5K8TXL", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab/items/KN5K8TXL", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 21256297, "username": "kenapear", "name": "Kenadi Pearson", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kenapear", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Mersky and Lee", "parsedDate": "2026-01-09", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "KN5K8TXL", "version": 106976, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Dimensional modeling of adverse childhood experiences: An empirical analysis and critique", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Joshua P.", "lastName": "Mersky" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "ChienTi Plummer", "lastName": "Lee" } ], "abstractNote": "Dimensional models of adversity are growing in popularity, but they have also been subjected to critique. For this analysis, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) data were drawn from a cohort of low-income adults to evaluate the Dimensional Model of Adversity and Psychopathology, which distinguishes experiences of threat and deprivation, and a recent extension of the life history model that differentiates three dimensions: (1) harshness/threat; (2) harshness/deprivation; (3) unpredictability. Confirmatory factor analyses of an expanded ACE assessment showed that both models fit the data well, though there were signs of low discriminant validity between dimensions. Harshness/threat was more strongly correlated with some physical and mental health outcomes and unpredictability was more strongly correlated with some indicators of risk behavior. Findings were largely consistent across models using latent measures and basic ACE scores. Further research is needed that compares dimensional models to cumulative risk models that are rudimentary but highly replicable.", "publicationTitle": "Child Maltreatment", "publisher": "SAGE Publications Inc", "place": "", "date": "2026-01-09", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "10775595251415193", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Child Maltreat", "DOI": "10.1177/10775595251415193", "citationKey": "MerskyLee26", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/10775595251415193", "accessDate": "2026-09-03T23:48:50Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1077-5595", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Dimensional modeling of adverse childhood experiences", "language": "EN", "libraryCatalog": "SAGE Journals", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-09-03T23:48:50Z", "dateModified": "2026-11-05T18:42:10Z" } }, { "key": "2YNZXN6U", "version": 106975, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 340666, "name": "CCNLab", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/340666/items/2YNZXN6U", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab/items/2YNZXN6U", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 21256297, "username": "kenapear", "name": "Kenadi Pearson", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kenapear", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lenow et al.", "parsedDate": "2017-06-07", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "2YNZXN6U", "version": 106975, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Chronic and acute stress promote overexploitation in serial decision making", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jennifer K.", "lastName": "Lenow" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sara M.", "lastName": "Constantino" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nathaniel D.", "lastName": "Daw" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Elizabeth A.", "lastName": "Phelps" } ], "abstractNote": "Many decisions that humans make resemble foraging problems in which a currently available, known option must be weighed against an unknown alternative option. In such foraging decisions, the quality of the overall environment can be used as a proxy for estimating the value of future unknown options against which current prospects are compared. We hypothesized that such foraging-like decisions would be characteristically sensitive to stress, a physiological response that tracks biologically relevant changes in environmental context. Specifically, we hypothesized that stress would lead to more exploitative foraging behavior. To test this, we investigated how acute and chronic stress, as measured by changes in cortisol in response to an acute stress manipulation and subjective scores on a questionnaire assessing recent chronic stress, relate to performance in a virtual sequential foraging task. We found that both types of stress bias human decision makers toward overexploiting current options relative to an optimal policy. These findings suggest a possible computational role of stress in decision making in which stress biases judgments of environmental quality.\nSIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Many of the most biologically relevant decisions that we make are foraging-like decisions about whether to stay with a current option or search the environment for a potentially better one. In the current study, we found that both acute physiological and chronic subjective stress are associated with greater overexploitation or staying at current options for longer than is optimal. These results suggest a domain-general way in which stress might bias foraging decisions through changing one's appraisal of the overall quality of the environment. These novel findings not only have implications for understanding how this important class of foraging decisions might be biologically implemented, but also for understanding the computational role of stress in behavior and cognition more broadly.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Neuroscience", "publisher": "Society for Neuroscience", "place": "", "date": "2017/06/07", "volume": "37", "issue": "23", "section": "Research Articles", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "5681-5689", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J. Neurosci.", "DOI": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3618-16.2017", "citationKey": "LenowConstantinoDawEtAl17", "url": "https://www.jneurosci.org/content/37/23/5681", "accessDate": "2026-09-03T23:02:15Z", "PMID": "28483979", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0270-6474, 1529-2401", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.jneurosci.org", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Copyright © 2017 the authors 0270-6474/17/375681-09$15.00/0", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "decision making", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "foraging", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "stress", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-09-03T23:02:15Z", "dateModified": "2026-11-05T18:41:48Z" } }, { "key": "ZDIQITT7", "version": 106974, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 340666, "name": "CCNLab", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/340666/items/ZDIQITT7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab/items/ZDIQITT7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 21256297, "username": "kenapear", "name": "Kenadi Pearson", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kenapear", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Frankenhuis and de Weerth", "parsedDate": "2013-10-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "ZDIQITT7", "version": 106974, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Does early-life exposure to stress shape or impair cognition?", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Willem E.", "lastName": "Frankenhuis" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Carolina", "lastName": "de Weerth" } ], "abstractNote": "A predominant view in psychology is that early psychosocial adversity (e.g., abuse) impairs cognition, because children from stressful backgrounds (e.g., violent households) score lower on standard tests of intelligence, language, memory, inhibition, and other abilities. However, recent studies indicate that these people may exhibit improved detection, learning, and memory on tasks involving stimuli that are ecologically relevant to them (e.g., dangers), compared with safely nurtured peers. These findings contradict the view that cognition of stressed people is generally impaired; they suggest, rather, that these people’s minds are developmentally specialized toward local environmental conditions. Here, we review recent research supporting this hypothesis. In addition, we propose that novel studies should examine whether stressed children show not only improved detection but also improved memory and reasoning on tasks involving stimuli that are ecologically relevant to them. Finally, we discuss clinical implications of switching from conceptualizing stressed minds as “adapted” rather than “impaired.”", "publicationTitle": "Current Directions in Psychological Science", "publisher": "SAGE Publications Inc", "place": "", "date": "2013-10-01", "volume": "22", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "407-412", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Curr Dir Psychol Sci", "DOI": "10.1177/0963721413484324", "citationKey": "FrankenhuisdeWeerth13a", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721413484324", "accessDate": "2026-09-03T00:06:34Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0963-7214", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "EN", "libraryCatalog": "SAGE Journals", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "cognitive development", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "developmental specialization", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "early-life experience", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "evolutionary-developmental psychology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "learning and memory", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "maltreatment", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": { "dc:replaces": "http://zotero.org/groups/340666/items/6I9RBLJF" }, "dateAdded": "2021-09-15T16:13:33Z", "dateModified": "2026-11-05T18:40:59Z" } }, { "key": "TEZTL8NR", "version": 106973, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 340666, "name": "CCNLab", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/340666/items/TEZTL8NR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab/items/TEZTL8NR", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 21256297, "username": "kenapear", "name": "Kenadi Pearson", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kenapear", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ellis et al.", "parsedDate": "2009-06", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "TEZTL8NR", "version": 106973, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Fundamental dimensions of environmental risk: The impact of harsh versus unpredictable environments on the evolution and development of life history strategies", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bruce J.", "lastName": "Ellis" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Aurelio José", "lastName": "Figueredo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Barbara H.", "lastName": "Brumbach" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gabriel L.", "lastName": "Schlomer" } ], "abstractNote": "Issue Title: Special Issue: Gendered Inequalities in Evolutionary Perspective; Guest Editors: Monique Borgerhoff Mulder and Rebecca Bliege Bird\nThe current paper synthesizes theory and data from the field of life history (LH) evolution to advance a new developmental theory of variation in human LH strategies. The theory posits that clusters of correlated LH traits (e.g., timing of puberty, age at sexual debut and first birth, parental investment strategies) lie on a slow-to-fast continuum; that harshness (externally caused levels of morbidity-mortality) and unpredictability (spatial-temporal variation in harshness) are the most fundamental environmental influences on the evolution and development of LH strategies; and that these influences depend on population densities and related levels of intraspecific competition and resource scarcity, on age schedules of mortality, on the sensitivity of morbidity-mortality to the organism's resource-allocation decisions, and on the extent to which environmental fluctuations affect individuals versus populations over short versus long timescales. These interrelated factors operate at evolutionary and developmental levels and should be distinguished because they exert distinctive effects on LH traits and are hierarchically operative in terms of primacy of influence. Although converging lines of evidence support core assumptions of the theory, many questions remain unanswered. This review demonstrates the value of applying a multilevel evolutionary-developmental approach to the analysis of a central feature of human phenotypic variation: LH strategy.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]", "publicationTitle": "Human Nature : An Interdisciplinary Biosocial Perspective", "publisher": "Springer Nature B.V.", "place": "New York, Netherlands", "date": "Jun 2009", "volume": "20", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "204-268", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1007/s12110-009-9063-7", "citationKey": "EllisFigueredoBrumbachEtAl09", "url": "https://www.proquest.com/docview/199597301/abstract/D975D019C9124A50PQ/1", "accessDate": "2026-11-05T17:24:12Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "10456767", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Fundamental dimensions of environmental risk", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ProQuest", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Springer Science + Business Media, LLC 2009", "extra": "Num Pages: 204-268", "tags": [ { "tag": "Age of onset", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Animal behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Developmental approach", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Environmental aspects", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Environmental risk", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Evolutionary biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "First born", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Inequality", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Life history", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Morbidity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Mortality", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Phenotypic variations", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Population density", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Primacy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Puberty", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Reproduction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Resource allocation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Risk factors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Scarcity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sexual behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Social psychology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sociology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Strategies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Theory", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-11-05T17:24:12Z", "dateModified": "2026-11-05T18:40:40Z" } }, { "key": "NV43ZAE8", "version": 106971, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 340666, "name": "CCNLab", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/340666/items/NV43ZAE8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab/items/NV43ZAE8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 21256297, "username": "kenapear", "name": "Kenadi Pearson", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kenapear", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Callaghan and Tottenham", "parsedDate": "2016-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "NV43ZAE8", "version": 106971, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The neuro-environmental loop of plasticity: A cross-species analysis of parental effects on emotion circuitry development following typical and adverse caregiving", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bridget L.", "lastName": "Callaghan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nim", "lastName": "Tottenham" } ], "abstractNote": "Early experiences critically shape the structure and function of the brain. Perturbations in typical/species-expected early experiences are known to have profound neural effects, especially in regions important for emotional responding. Parental care is one species-expected stimulus that plays a fundamental role in the development of emotion neurocircuitry. Emerging evidence across species suggests that phasic variation in parental presence during the sensitive period of childhood affects the recruitment of emotional networks on a moment-to-moment basis. In addition, it appears that increasing independence from caregivers cues the termination of the sensitive period for environmental input into emotion network development. In this review, we examine how early parental care, the central nervous system, and behavior come together to form a ‘neuro-environmental loop,’ contributing to the formation of stable emotion regulation circuits. To achieve this end, we focus on the interaction of parental care and the developing amygdala–medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) network—that is at the core of human emotional functioning. Using this model, we discuss how individual or group variations in parental independence, across chronic and brief timescales, might contribute to neural and emotional phenotypes that have implications for long-term mental health.", "publicationTitle": "Neuropsychopharmacology", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "place": "", "date": "2016-01", "volume": "41", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "163-176", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Neuropsychopharmacol", "DOI": "10.1038/npp.2015.204", "citationKey": "CallaghanTottenham16", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/npp2015204", "accessDate": "2026-09-03T22:42:00Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1740-634X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The neuro-environmental loop of plasticity", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.nature.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "2016 American College of Neuropsychopharmacology", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Development of the nervous system", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Emotion", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Neural circuits", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Prefrontal cortex", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-09-03T22:42:00Z", "dateModified": "2026-11-05T18:40:26Z" } }, { "key": "PHDIN62V", "version": 106970, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 340666, "name": "CCNLab", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/340666/items/PHDIN62V", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab/items/PHDIN62V", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 21256297, "username": "kenapear", "name": "Kenadi Pearson", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kenapear", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Brant et al.", "parsedDate": "2013-08-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "PHDIN62V", "version": 106970, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The nature and nurture of high IQ: An extended sensitive period for intellectual development", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Angela M.", "lastName": "Brant" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Yuko", "lastName": "Munakata" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dorret I.", "lastName": "Boomsma" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John C.", "lastName": "DeFries" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Claire M. A.", "lastName": "Haworth" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Matthew C.", "lastName": "Keller" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nicholas G.", "lastName": "Martin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Matthew", "lastName": "McGue" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stephen A.", "lastName": "Petrill" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robert", "lastName": "Plomin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sally J.", "lastName": "Wadsworth" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Margaret J.", "lastName": "Wright" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John K.", "lastName": "Hewitt" } ], "abstractNote": "IQ predicts many measures of life success, as well as trajectories of brain development. Prolonged cortical thickening observed in individuals with high IQ might reflect an extended period of synaptogenesis and high environmental sensitivity or plasticity. We tested this hypothesis by examining the timing of changes in the magnitude of genetic and environmental influences on IQ as a function of IQ score. We found that individuals with high IQ show high environmental influence on IQ into adolescence (resembling younger children), whereas individuals with low IQ show high heritability of IQ in adolescence (resembling adults), a pattern consistent with an extended sensitive period for intellectual development in more-intelligent individuals. The pattern held across a cross-sectional sample of almost 11,000 twin pairs and a longitudinal sample of twins, biological siblings, and adoptive siblings.", "publicationTitle": "Psychological Science", "publisher": "SAGE Publications Inc", "place": "", "date": "2013-08-01", "volume": "24", "issue": "8", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1487-1495", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Psychol Sci", "DOI": "10.1177/0956797612473119", "citationKey": "BrantMunakataBoomsmaEtAl13", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797612473119", "accessDate": "2026-09-03T23:20:50Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0956-7976", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The nature and nurture of high IQ", "language": "EN", "libraryCatalog": "SAGE Journals", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": { "dc:replaces": "http://zotero.org/groups/340666/items/EFMN8SBY" }, "dateAdded": "2018-11-18T01:09:44Z", "dateModified": "2026-11-05T18:39:54Z" } }, { "key": "ZP3NAVZK", "version": 106967, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 340666, "name": "CCNLab", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/340666/items/ZP3NAVZK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab/items/ZP3NAVZK", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 21256297, "username": "kenapear", "name": "Kenadi Pearson", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kenapear", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Callaghan and Tottenham", "parsedDate": "2016-02-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "ZP3NAVZK", "version": 106967, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The stress acceleration hypothesis: Effects of early-life adversity on emotion circuits and behavior", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bridget L", "lastName": "Callaghan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nim", "lastName": "Tottenham" } ], "abstractNote": "The importance of early experiences for mental health across the lifespan is well recognized. In particular, there is a strong association between adverse caregiving experiences and mental illness. However, relative to studies assessing outcomes in adults, there are far fewer studies assessing the earlier emerging manifestations of caregiving adversity during development. This lack of developmental research limits an understanding of the mechanisms that link adversity with mental illness. Adoption of a developmental approach to research in this field will yield greater insights into the factors that tie adversity to poor emotion function across a lifespan. In this review, we focus on recent findings that have used a developmental approach in the examination of mental health and early adversity. These studies are notable in that, across numerous species, they converge on the idea that early adversity leads to accelerated maturation of emotion circuits in the brain and in the behaviors supported by these regions. We propose that these ‘stress acceleration’ effects are evidence of early system adaptation.", "publicationTitle": "Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2016-02-01", "volume": "7", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "76-81", "series": "Development and behavior", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences", "DOI": "10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.11.018", "citationKey": "CallaghanTottenham16a", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352154615001588", "accessDate": "2026-10-28T17:00:33Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "2352-1546", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The Stress Acceleration Hypothesis", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-10-28T17:00:33Z", "dateModified": "2026-11-05T18:37:54Z" } }, { "key": "UEKLGRM6", "version": 106965, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 340666, "name": "CCNLab", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/340666/items/UEKLGRM6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab/items/UEKLGRM6", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/340666/items/VRG3Q74E", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 21256297, "username": "kenapear", "name": "Kenadi Pearson", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kenapear", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "UEKLGRM6", "version": 106965, "parentItem": "VRG3Q74E", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Full Text", "accessDate": "2026-11-05T18:27:38Z", "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/F566104D2A3111992F9A74D976C13F82/S1832427400007994a.pdf/div-class-title-age-related-changes-in-heritability-of-behavioral-phenotypes-over-adolescence-and-young-adulthood-a-meta-analysis-div.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "BergenGardnerKendler07a.pdf", "md5": "ed0fddd0971fd0f243aa5d596c10b279", "mtime": 1793903258384, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-11-05T18:27:38Z", "dateModified": "2026-11-05T18:27:38Z" } }, { "key": "VRG3Q74E", "version": 106963, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 340666, "name": "CCNLab", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/340666/items/VRG3Q74E", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab/items/VRG3Q74E", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 21256297, "username": "kenapear", "name": "Kenadi Pearson", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kenapear", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bergen et al.", "parsedDate": "2007-06", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "VRG3Q74E", "version": 106963, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Age-related changes in heritability of behavioral phenotypes over adolescence and young adulthood: a meta-analysis", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sarah E.", "lastName": "Bergen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Charles O.", "lastName": "Gardner" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kenneth S.", "lastName": "Kendler" } ], "abstractNote": "The relative proportions of genetic and environmental variance in behavioral measures have been studied extensively. A growing body of literature has examined changes in heritability measures over time, but we are unaware of any prior efforts to assess developmental heritability changes for multiple behavioral phenotypes using multiple data sources. We have chosen to explore the proportional genetic influences on a variety of behaviors during the genetically and environmentally labile adolescent and young adult years. This meta-analysis examined 8 behavioral domains and incorporated only primary research articles reporting two or more heritability time points in order to minimize the age-to-age error variability. Linear regression analyses revealed significant cross-time heritability increases for externalizing behaviors, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, IQ, and social attitudes and nonsignificant increases for alcohol consumption, and nicotine initiation, but no evidence of heritability changes for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. A variety of mechanisms may underlie these findings including the rising importance of active genotype-environment correlation, an increase in gene expression, or proportional reductions in environmental variance. Additional longitudinal studies and the inclusion of measures of total variance in primary research reports will aid in distinguishing between these possibilities. Further studies exploring heritability changes beyond young adulthood would also benefit our understanding of factors influencing heritability of behavioral traits over the lifespan.", "publicationTitle": "Twin Research and Human Genetics: The Official Journal of the International Society for Twin Studies", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2007-06", "volume": "10", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "423-433", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Twin Res Hum Genet", "DOI": "10.1375/twin.10.3.423", "citationKey": "BergenGardnerKendler07a", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "17564500", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1832-4274", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Age-related changes in heritability of behavioral phenotypes over adolescence and young adulthood", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adolescent", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aging", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Alcohol Drinking", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Anxiety", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Attitude", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Child", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Child Behavior Disorders", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cognition", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Depression", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Heredity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Middle Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sex Characteristics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Social Behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Social Environment", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Twin Studies as Topic", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-11-05T18:27:35Z", "dateModified": "2026-11-05T18:27:35Z" } }, { "key": "B577E5VC", "version": 106962, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 340666, "name": "CCNLab", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/340666/items/B577E5VC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab/items/B577E5VC", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 21256297, "username": "kenapear", "name": "Kenadi Pearson", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kenapear", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Belsky", "parsedDate": "2019-06-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "B577E5VC", "version": 106962, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Early-life adversity accelerates child and adolescent development", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jay", "lastName": "Belsky" } ], "abstractNote": "Most developmental work regards adverse developmental experiences as forces that undermine well-being. Here, I present an alternative—or complementary—view, summarizing recent evidence on puberty, endocrinology, cellular aging, and brain connectivity that collectively reveals developmental acceleration in response to contextual adversity. Findings are cast in evolutionary-developmental terms, highlighting the trade-off between accelerated aging and (a) increased morbidity and (b) premature mortality.", "publicationTitle": "Current Directions in Psychological Science", "publisher": "SAGE Publications Inc", "place": "", "date": "2019-06-01", "volume": "28", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "241-246", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Curr Dir Psychol Sci", "DOI": "10.1177/0963721419837670", "citationKey": "Belsky19", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721419837670", "accessDate": "2026-10-28T16:58:41Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0963-7214", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "EN", "libraryCatalog": "SAGE Journals", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-10-28T16:58:41Z", "dateModified": "2026-11-05T18:24:06Z" } }, { "key": "BAQDWKUH", "version": 106961, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 340666, "name": "CCNLab", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/340666/items/BAQDWKUH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab/items/BAQDWKUH", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/340666/items/X9DTVPLP", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 21256297, "username": "kenapear", "name": "Kenadi Pearson", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kenapear", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BAQDWKUH", "version": 106961, "parentItem": "X9DTVPLP", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "SmithPollak21", "accessDate": "2026-11-05T17:51:52Z", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/cdpers/article-pdf/15/4/228/63950297/cdep12427.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "SmithPollak21.pdf", "md5": "63aae0666395540a3d30eae3fca6f9fb", "mtime": 1793901112527, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-11-05T17:51:52Z", "dateModified": "2026-11-05T17:52:16Z" } }, { "key": "X9DTVPLP", "version": 106953, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 340666, "name": "CCNLab", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/340666/items/X9DTVPLP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab/items/X9DTVPLP", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 21256297, "username": "kenapear", "name": "Kenadi Pearson", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kenapear", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Smith and Pollak", "parsedDate": "2021-12-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "X9DTVPLP", "version": 106953, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Social relationships and children’s perceptions of adversity", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Karen E", "lastName": "Smith" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Seth D", "lastName": "Pollak" } ], "abstractNote": "Having sensitive, contingent, and supportive social relationships has been linked to more positive outcomes after experiences of early childhood adversity. Traditionally, social relationships are construed as moderators that buffer children from the effects of exposure to adverse events. However, recent data support an alternative view: that supportive social relationships influence children’s later outcomes by shaping their perceptions of safety and stress, regardless of the particular events to which children are exposed. This perspective has implications for understanding vulnerability and resilience in children.", "publicationTitle": "Child Development Perspectives", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2021-12-01", "volume": "15", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "228-234", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Child Dev Perspect", "DOI": "10.1111/cdep.12427", "citationKey": "SmithPollak21", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12427", "accessDate": "2026-11-05T17:51:50Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1750-8592", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Silverchair", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-11-05T17:51:50Z", "dateModified": "2026-11-05T17:51:50Z" } }, { "key": "DWGYX95P", "version": 106951, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 340666, "name": "CCNLab", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/340666/items/DWGYX95P", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab/items/DWGYX95P", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/340666/items/6JHP8VGV", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 21256297, "username": "kenapear", "name": "Kenadi Pearson", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kenapear", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "DWGYX95P", "version": 106951, "parentItem": "6JHP8VGV", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "DaneseWidom20", "accessDate": "2026-11-05T17:50:03Z", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-020-0880-3.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "DaneseWidom20.pdf", "md5": "8fff391eed377c032df1294ca1a532f3", "mtime": 1793901003928, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-11-05T17:50:03Z", "dateModified": "2026-11-05T17:50:25Z" } }, { "key": "6JHP8VGV", "version": 106946, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 340666, "name": "CCNLab", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/340666/items/6JHP8VGV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab/items/6JHP8VGV", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 21256297, "username": "kenapear", "name": "Kenadi Pearson", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kenapear", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Danese and Widom", "parsedDate": "2020-08", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "6JHP8VGV", "version": 106946, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Objective and subjective experiences of child maltreatment and their relationships with psychopathology", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Andrea", "lastName": "Danese" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Cathy Spatz", "lastName": "Widom" } ], "abstractNote": "Does psychopathology develop as a function of the objective or subjective experience of childhood maltreatment? To address this question, we studied a unique cohort of 1,196 children with both objective, court-documented evidence of maltreatment and subjective reports of their childhood maltreatment histories made once they reached adulthood, along with extensive psychiatric assessment. We found that, even for severe cases of childhood maltreatment identified through court records, risk of psychopathology linked to objective measures was minimal in the absence of subjective reports. In contrast, risk of psychopathology linked to subjective reports of childhood maltreatment was high, whether or not the reports were consistent with objective measures. These findings have important implications for how we study the mechanisms through which child maltreatment affects mental health and how we prevent or treat maltreatment-related psychopathology. Interventions for psychopathology associated with childhood maltreatment can benefit from deeper understanding of the subjective experience.", "publicationTitle": "Nature Human Behaviour", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "place": "", "date": "2020-08", "volume": "4", "issue": "8", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "811-818", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Nat Hum Behav", "DOI": "10.1038/s41562-020-0880-3", "citationKey": "DaneseWidom20", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-020-0880-3", "accessDate": "2026-11-05T17:50:00Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "2397-3374", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.nature.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "2020 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Epidemiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Human behaviour", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Psychiatric 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