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Bursts are considered stereotyped signals; however, there is limited evidence regarding how burst properties compare across thalamic nuclei of different functional or anatomical organization. Here, we used whole-cell patch clamp recordings and compartmental modeling to investigate the properties of bursts in six sensory thalamic nuclei, to study the mechanisms that can lead to different burst properties, and to assess the implications of different burst properties for thalamocortical transmission and oscillatory functions. We found that bursts in higher-order cells on average had higher number of spikes and longer latency to the first spike. Additionally, burst features in first-order neurons were determined by sensory modality. Shifting the voltage-dependence and density of the T-channel conductance in a compartmental model replicates the burst properties from the intracellular recordings, pointing to molecular mechanisms that can generate burst diversity. Furthermore, the model predicts that bursts with higher number of spikes will drastically reduce the effectiveness of thalamocortical transmission. In addition, the latency to burst limited the rebound oscillatory frequency in modeled cells. These results demonstrate that burst properties vary according to the thalamocortical hierarchy and with sensory modality. The findings imply that, while in burst mode, thalamocortical transmission and firing frequency will be determined by the number of spikes and latency to burst.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Comparative Neurology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2021", "volume": "529", "issue": "17", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "3726-3750", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1002/cne.25141", "citationKey": "DesaiVarela21", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/cne.25141", "accessDate": "2026-05-12T20:27:07Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1096-9861", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "© 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Comparative Neurology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.", "extra": "_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/cne.25141", "tags": [ { "tag": "burst", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "first order", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "higher order", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "oscillation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "sensory", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "thalamocortical", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "thalamus", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-05-12T20:27:07Z", "dateModified": "2026-05-12T20:27:07Z" } }, { "key": "QWXIH2E6", "version": 88116, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 340666, "name": "CCNLab", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/340666/items/QWXIH2E6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab/items/QWXIH2E6", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/340666/items/FI5N48GT", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2406800, "username": "rcoreilly", "name": "Randall C. 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O'Reilly", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/rcoreilly", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bereshpolova et al.", "parsedDate": "2011-11-30", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "FI5N48GT", "version": 88113, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Getting Drowsy? Alert/Nonalert Transitions and Visual Thalamocortical Network Dynamics", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Yulia", "lastName": "Bereshpolova" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Carl R.", "lastName": "Stoelzel" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jun", "lastName": "Zhuang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Yael", "lastName": "Amitai" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jose-Manuel", "lastName": "Alonso" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Harvey A.", "lastName": "Swadlow" } ], "abstractNote": "The effects of different EEG brain states on spontaneous firing of cortical populations are not well understood. Such state shifts may occur frequently under natural conditions, and baseline firing patterns can impact neural coding (e.g., signal-to-noise ratios, sparseness of coding). Here, we examine the effects of spontaneous transitions from alert to nonalert awake EEG states in the rabbit visual cortex (5 s before and after the state-shifts). In layer 4, we examined putative spiny neurons and fast-spike GABAergic interneurons; in layer 5, we examined corticotectal neurons. We also examined the behavior of retinotopically aligned dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd) neurons, usually recorded simultaneously with the above cortical populations. Despite markedly reduced firing and sharply increased bursting in the LGNd neurons following the transition to the nonalert state, little change occurred in the spiny neurons of layer 4. However, fast-spike neurons of layer 4 showed a paradoxical increase in firing rates as thalamic drive decreased in the nonalert state, even though some of these cells received potent monosynaptic input from the same LGNd neurons whose rates were reduced. The firing rates of corticotectal neurons of layer 5, similarly to spiny cells of layer 4, were not state-dependent, but these cells did become more bursty in the nonalert state, as did the fast-spike cells. These results show that spontaneous firing rates of midlayer spiny populations are remarkably conserved following the shift from alert to nonalert states, despite marked reductions in excitatory thalamic drive and increased activity in local fast-spike inhibitory interneurons.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Neuroscience", "publisher": "Society for Neuroscience", "place": "", "date": "2011/11/30", "volume": "31", "issue": "48", "section": "Articles", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "17480-17487", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J. Neurosci.", "DOI": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2262-11.2011", "citationKey": "BereshpolovaStoelzelZhuangEtAl11", "url": "https://www.jneurosci.org/content/31/48/17480", "accessDate": "2026-05-12T16:59:35Z", "PMID": "22131409", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0270-6474, 1529-2401", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Getting Drowsy?", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.jneurosci.org", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Copyright © 2011 the authors 0270-6474/11/3117480-08$15.00/0", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-05-12T16:59:35Z", "dateModified": "2026-05-12T16:59:35Z" } }, { "key": "H3ZGMYVD", "version": 88111, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 340666, "name": "CCNLab", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/340666/items/H3ZGMYVD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab/items/H3ZGMYVD", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/340666/items/QUD3Z356", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2406800, "username": "rcoreilly", "name": "Randall C. O'Reilly", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/rcoreilly", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "H3ZGMYVD", "version": 88111, "parentItem": "QUD3Z356", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2026-05-12T16:56:01Z", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nn0401_402.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Swadlow and Gusev - 2001 - The impact of 'bursting' thalamic impulses at a neocortical synapse.pdf", "md5": "c0efac50e553c7b4f1954f214c0d035c", "mtime": 1778604961014, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-05-12T16:56:01Z", "dateModified": "2026-05-12T16:56:01Z" } }, { "key": "QUD3Z356", "version": 88109, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 340666, "name": "CCNLab", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/340666/items/QUD3Z356", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab/items/QUD3Z356", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2406800, "username": "rcoreilly", "name": "Randall C. O'Reilly", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/rcoreilly", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Swadlow and Gusev", "parsedDate": "2001-04", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "QUD3Z356", "version": 88109, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The impact of 'bursting' thalamic impulses at a neocortical synapse", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Harvey A.", "lastName": "Swadlow" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alexander G.", "lastName": "Gusev" } ], "abstractNote": "Considerable effort has gone into understanding the mechanisms underlying high-frequency 'bursting' of thalamocortical impulses, their sensory information content and their involvement in perception. However, little is known about the influence of such impulses on their cortical targets. Here we follow bursting thalamic impulses to their terminus at the thalamocortical synapse of the awake rabbit, and examine their influence on a class of somatosensory cortical neurons. We show that thalamic bursts potently activate cortical circuits. Initial impulses of each burst have a greatly enhanced ability to elicit cortical action potentials, and later impulses in the burst further raise the probability of eliciting spikes. In some cases, multiple cortical spikes result from a single burst. Moreover, we show that the interval preceding each burst is crucial for generating the enhanced cortical response. The powerful activation of neocortex by thalamocortical bursts is fully consistent with an involvement of these impulses in perceptual/attentional processes.", "publicationTitle": "Nature Neuroscience", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "place": "", "date": "2001-04", "volume": "4", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "402-408", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Nat Neurosci", "DOI": "10.1038/86054", "citationKey": "SwadlowGusev01", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nn0401_402", "accessDate": "2026-05-12T16:55:58Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1546-1726", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.nature.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "2001 Springer Nature America, Inc.", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Animal Genetics and Genomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Behavioral Sciences", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Biological Techniques", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Biomedicine", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Neurobiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Neurosciences", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "general", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-05-12T16:55:58Z", "dateModified": "2026-05-12T16:56:00Z" } }, { "key": "TKS4V68W", "version": 88107, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 340666, "name": "CCNLab", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/340666/items/TKS4V68W", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab/items/TKS4V68W", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/340666/items/2UZ7BK7X", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2406800, "username": "rcoreilly", "name": "Randall C. 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O'Reilly", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/rcoreilly", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Steriade", "parsedDate": "2000-11-07", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "2UZ7BK7X", "version": 88102, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Corticothalamic resonance, states of vigilance and mentation", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M", "lastName": "Steriade" } ], "abstractNote": "During various states of vigilance, brain oscillations are grouped together through reciprocal connections between the neocortex and thalamus. The coherent activity in corticothalamic networks, under the control of brainstem and forebrain modulatory systems, requires investigations in intact-brain animals. During behavioral states associated with brain disconnection from the external world, the large-scale synchronization of low-frequency oscillations is accompanied by the inhibition of synaptic transmission through thalamocortical neurons. Despite the coherent oscillatory activity, on the functional side there is dissociation between the thalamus and neocortex during slow-wave sleep. While dorsal thalamic neurons undergo inhibitory processes due to the prolonged spike-bursts of thalamic reticular neurons, the cortex displays, periodically, a rich spontaneous activity and preserves the capacity to process internally generated signals that dominate the state of sleep. In vivo experiments using simultaneous intracellular recordings from thalamic and cortical neurons show that short-term plasticity processes occur after prolonged and rhythmic spike-bursts fired by thalamic and cortical neurons during slow-wave sleep oscillations. This may serve to support resonant phenomena and reorganize corticothalamic circuitry, determine which synaptic modifications, formed during the waking state, are to be consolidated and generate a peculiar kind of dreaming mentation. In contrast to the long-range coherent oscillations that occur at low frequencies during slow-wave sleep, the sustained fast oscillations that characterize alert states are synchronized over restricted territories and are associated with discrete and differentiated patterns of conscious events.", "publicationTitle": "Neuroscience", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2000-11-07", "volume": "101", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "243-276", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Neuroscience", "DOI": "10.1016/S0306-4522(00)00353-5", "citationKey": "Steriade00", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306452200003535", "accessDate": "2026-05-12T16:37:14Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0306-4522", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "cortical neurons", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "intracellular recordings", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "oscillations", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "plasticity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "sleep–waking states", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-05-12T16:37:14Z", "dateModified": "2026-05-12T16:37:14Z" } }, { "key": "SS9V7Y8S", "version": 88100, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 340666, "name": "CCNLab", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/340666/items/SS9V7Y8S", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab/items/SS9V7Y8S", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/340666/items/8KMDU3D4", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2406800, "username": "rcoreilly", "name": "Randall C. 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O'Reilly", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/rcoreilly", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Alitto et al.", "parsedDate": "2019-07-17", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "6FVEA8DA", "version": 88088, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Augmentation of Retinogeniculate Communication during Thalamic Burst Mode", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Henry", "lastName": "Alitto" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Daniel L.", "lastName": "Rathbun" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jessica J.", "lastName": "Vandeleest" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Prescott C.", "lastName": "Alexander" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "W. Martin", "lastName": "Usrey" } ], "abstractNote": "Retinal signals are transmitted to cortex via neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), where they are processed in burst or tonic response mode. Burst mode occurs when LGN neurons are sufficiently hyperpolarized for T-type Ca2+ channels to deinactivate, allowing them to open in response to depolarization, which can trigger a high-frequency sequence of Na+-based spikes (i.e., burst). In contrast, T-type channels are inactivated during tonic mode and do not contribute to spiking. Although burst mode is commonly associated with sleep and the disruption of retinogeniculate communication, bursts can also be triggered by visual stimulation, thereby transforming the retinal signals relayed to the cortex. To determine how burst mode affects retinogeniculate communication, we made recordings from monosynaptically connected retinal ganglion cells and LGN neurons in male/female cats during visual stimulation. Our results reveal a robust augmentation of retinal signals within the LGN during burst mode. Specifically, retinal spikes were more effective and often triggered multiple LGN spikes during periods likely to have increased T-type Ca2+ channel activity. Consistent with the biophysical properties of T-type Ca2+ channels, analysis revealed that effect magnitude was correlated with the duration of the preceding thalamic interspike interval and occurred even in the absence of classically defined bursts. Importantly, the augmentation of geniculate responses to retinal input was not associated with a degradation of visual signals. Together, these results indicate a graded nature of response mode and suggest that, under certain conditions, bursts facilitate the transmission of visual information to the cortex by amplifying retinal signals.\nSIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The thalamus is the gateway for retinal information traveling to the cortex. The lateral geniculate nucleus, like all thalamic nuclei, has two classically defined categories of spikes—tonic and burst—that differ in their underlying cellular mechanisms. Here we compare retinogeniculate communication during burst and tonic response modes. Our results show that retinogeniculate communication is enhanced during burst mode and visually evoked thalamic bursts, thereby augmenting retinal signals transmitted to cortex. Further, our results demonstrate that the influence of burst mode on retinogeniculate communication is graded and can be measured even in the absence of classically defined thalamic bursts.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Neuroscience", "publisher": "Society for Neuroscience", "place": "", "date": "2019/07/17", "volume": "39", "issue": "29", "section": "Research Articles", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "5697-5710", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J. Neurosci.", "DOI": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2320-18.2019", "citationKey": "AlittoRathbunVandeleestEtAl19", "url": "https://www.jneurosci.org/content/39/29/5697", "accessDate": "2026-05-12T13:30:16Z", "PMID": "31109958", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0270-6474, 1529-2401", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.jneurosci.org", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Copyright © 2019 the authors", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "LGN", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cortex", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "retina", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "thalamus", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "vision", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-05-12T13:30:16Z", "dateModified": "2026-05-12T13:30:16Z" } }, { "key": "FX4WUW2F", "version": 88086, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 340666, "name": "CCNLab", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/340666/items/FX4WUW2F", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab/items/FX4WUW2F", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/340666/items/AE38TMYZ", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2406800, "username": "rcoreilly", "name": "Randall C. 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O'Reilly", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/rcoreilly", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Destexhe et al.", "parsedDate": "1998-05-15", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "AE38TMYZ", "version": 88083, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Dendritic Low-Threshold Calcium Currents in Thalamic Relay Cells", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alain", "lastName": "Destexhe" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mike", "lastName": "Neubig" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Daniel", "lastName": "Ulrich" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John", "lastName": "Huguenard" } ], "abstractNote": "The low-threshold calcium current (IT) underlies burst generation in thalamocortical (TC) relay cells and plays a central role in the genesis of synchronized oscillations by thalamic circuits. Here we have combined in vitro recordings and computational modeling techniques to investigate the consequences of dendritically locatedIT in TC cells. Simulations of a reconstructed TC cell were compared with the recordings obtained in the same cell to constrain the values of its passive parameters. T-current densities in soma and proximal dendrites were then estimated by matching the model to voltage-clamp recordings obtained in dissociated TC cells, which lack most of the dendrites. The distal dendritic T-current density was constrained by recordings in intact TC cells, which show 5–14 times larger peak T-current amplitudes compared with dissociated cells. Comparison of the model with the recordings of the same cell constrained further the T-current density in dendrites, which had to be 4.5–7.6 times higher than in the soma to reproduce all experimental results. Similar conclusions were reached using a simplified three-compartment model. Functionally, the model shows that the same amount of T-channels can lead to different bursting behaviors if they are exclusively somatic or distributed throughout the dendrites. In conclusion, this combination of models and experiments shows that dendritic T-currents are necessary to reproduce low-threshold calcium electrogenesis in TC cells. Dendritic T-current may also have significant functional consequences, such as an efficient modulation of thalamic burst discharges by corticothalamic feedback.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Neuroscience", "publisher": "Society for Neuroscience", "place": "", "date": "1998/05/15", "volume": "18", "issue": "10", "section": "ARTICLE", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "3574-3588", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J. Neurosci.", "DOI": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-10-03574.1998", "citationKey": "DestexheNeubigUlrichEtAl98", "url": "https://www.jneurosci.org/content/18/10/3574", "accessDate": "2026-05-12T13:18:54Z", "PMID": "9570789", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0270-6474, 1529-2401", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.jneurosci.org", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Copyright © 1998 Society for Neuroscience", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "bursting", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "computational models", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "dendritic calcium currents", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "low-threshold spikes", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "oscillations", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "voltage clamp", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-05-12T13:18:54Z", "dateModified": "2026-05-12T13:18:54Z" } }, { "key": "WY9HFUMD", "version": 88081, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 340666, "name": "CCNLab", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/340666/items/WY9HFUMD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab/items/WY9HFUMD", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/340666/items/VYFQ7PQS", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2406800, "username": "rcoreilly", "name": "Randall C. 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Murray", "lastName": "Sherman" } ], "abstractNote": "The role of thalamic burst firing in normal behavior has been controversial, but a paper in this issue offers powerful evidence that bursting may serve as a 'wake-up call' to cortex.", "publicationTitle": "Nature Neuroscience", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "place": "", "date": "2001-04", "volume": "4", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "344-346", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Nat Neurosci", "DOI": "10.1038/85973", "citationKey": "Sherman01a", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nn0401_344", "accessDate": "2026-05-12T13:15:16Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1546-1726", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.nature.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "2001 Springer Nature America, Inc.", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Animal Genetics and Genomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Behavioral Sciences", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Biological Techniques", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Biomedicine", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Neurobiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Neurosciences", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "general", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-05-12T13:15:16Z", "dateModified": "2026-05-12T13:15:18Z" } }, { "key": "AEXANE2L", "version": 88077, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 340666, "name": "CCNLab", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/340666/items/AEXANE2L", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab/items/AEXANE2L", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/340666/items/UMMKRTS3", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2406800, "username": "rcoreilly", "name": "Randall C. 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O'Reilly", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/rcoreilly", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Raposo et al.", "parsedDate": "2025-06-27", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "UMMKRTS3", "version": 88075, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Human attention-guided visual perception is governed by rhythmic oscillations and aperiodic timescales", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Isabel", "lastName": "Raposo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ian C.", "lastName": "Fiebelkorn" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jack J.", "lastName": "Lin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Josef", "lastName": "Parvizi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sabine", "lastName": "Kastner" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robert T.", "lastName": "Knight" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Assaf", "lastName": "Breska" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Randolph F.", "lastName": "Helfrich" } ], "abstractNote": "Attention samples visual space sequentially to enhance behaviorally relevant sensory representations. While traditionally conceptualized as a static continuous spotlight, contemporary models of attention highlight its discrete nature. But which neural mechanisms govern the temporally precise allocation of attention? Periodic brain activity as exemplified by neuronal oscillations as well as aperiodic temporal structure in the form of intrinsic neural timescales have been proposed to orchestrate the attentional sampling process in space and time. However, both mechanisms have been largely studied in isolation. To date, it remains unclear whether periodic and aperiodic temporal structure reflect distinct neural mechanisms. Here, we combined computational simulations with a multimodal approach encompassing five experiments, and three different variants of classic spatial attention paradigms, to differentiate aperiodic from oscillatory-based sampling. Converging evidence across behavior as well as scalp and intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) revealed that periodic and aperiodic temporal regularities can theoretically and experimentally be distinguished. Our results extend the rhythmic sampling framework of attention by demonstrating that aperiodic neural timescales predict behavior in a spatially-, context-, and demand-dependent manner. Aperiodic timescales increased from sensory to association cortex, decreased during sensory processing or action execution, and were prolonged with increasing behavioral demands. These results reveal that multiple, concurrent temporal regularities govern attentional sampling.", "publicationTitle": "PLOS Biology", "publisher": "Public Library of Science", "place": "", "date": "27 Jun 2025", "volume": "23", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "e3003232", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "PLOS Biology", "DOI": "10.1371/journal.pbio.3003232", "citationKey": "RaposoFiebelkornLinEtAl25", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.3003232", "accessDate": "2026-05-12T12:54:23Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1545-7885", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "PLoS Journals", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Attention", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Autocorrelation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Electroencephalography", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Power grids", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Prefrontal cortex", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sensory perception", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Vision", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-05-12T12:54:23Z", "dateModified": "2026-05-12T12:54:23Z" } }, { "key": "5YLMB2XX", "version": 88073, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 340666, "name": "CCNLab", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/340666/items/5YLMB2XX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ccnlab/items/5YLMB2XX", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/340666/items/7BFFAZF7", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2406800, "username": "rcoreilly", "name": "Randall C. 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