[ { "key": "MGPIB2H7", "version": 10, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 337149, "name": "European Court Implementation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/european_court_implementation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/337149/items/MGPIB2H7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/european_court_implementation/items/MGPIB2H7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 224689, "username": "freekvandervet", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/freekvandervet", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "McCammon and McGrath", "parsedDate": "2015", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "MGPIB2H7", "version": 10, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Litigating Change? Social Movements and the Court System", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Holly J.", "lastName": "McCammon" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Allison R.", "lastName": "McGrath" } ], "abstractNote": "Social movement actors increasingly turn to the law and pursue litigation in their efforts to bring about social change. Our article provides an overview of scholarship on collective and politicized litigation, drawing from sociolegal studies, political science, and sociology. We consider scholarship that illuminates why activists turn to litigation tactics in the first place and circumstances in which a social movement litigation strategy can be successful. We also consider additional impacts of movement litigation. Given that social movement researchers in sociology have, to date, paid only limited attention to activist litigation, we encourage scholars in the discipline to investigate further this important form of social movement mobilization.", "publicationTitle": "Sociology Compass", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2015", "volume": "9", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "128-139", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Sociology Compass", "DOI": "10.1111/soc4.12243", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/soc4.12243/abstract", "accessDate": "2015-02-18T13:09:20Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1751-9020", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Litigating Change?", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "© 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-03-17T09:13:37Z", "dateModified": "2015-03-17T09:18:17Z" } }, { "key": "7KHTFUTQ", "version": 9, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 337149, "name": "European Court Implementation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/european_court_implementation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/337149/items/7KHTFUTQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/european_court_implementation/items/7KHTFUTQ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 224689, "username": "freekvandervet", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/freekvandervet", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kogan", "parsedDate": "2015", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "7KHTFUTQ", "version": 9, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "Implementing the Judgments of the European Court of Human Rights from the North Caucasus: A Closing Window for Accountability or a Continuing Process of Transitional Justice?", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Vanessa", "lastName": "Kogan" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Natalia", "lastName": "Szablewska" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Sascha-Dominik", "lastName": "Bachmann" } ], "abstractNote": "This chapter addresses the case law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR or the Court) on Chechnya and Russia’s implementation of the “Chechen judgments” from the standpoint of transitional justice, mainly the pursuit of accountability. Chechnya does not conform to the traditional trajectory of post-conflict transition but nonetheless can be roughly contextualised within the transitional justice literature. The concrete obstacles to implementing the Chechen judgments are examined in depth, drawing on the practical work carried out in this area by non-governmental organisations (NGOs) over the past 4 years, including the difficulties faced by applicants before the Court in interacting with the Committee of Ministers (CoM), the Council of Europe (CoE) organ responsible for overseeing member states’ implementation of the Court’s judgments. A comparative perspective of transitional processes in other CoE member states indicates, however, that applicants from other post-conflict and transitional contexts have faced similar difficulties pursuing implementation of ECtHR judgments in the area of effective investigations. Nonetheless, Russia’s implementation of the Chechen cases holds implications for the legitimacy of the European Convention system and for the perception of the merits of strategic litigation on the state accountability model, which generally lacks strong enforcement mechanisms.", "bookTitle": "Current Issues in Transitional Justice", "series": "Springer Series in Transitional Justice", "seriesNumber": "4", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2015", "publisher": "Springer International Publishing", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "161-182", "ISBN": "978-3-319-09389-5, 978-3-319-09390-1", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-09390-1_7", "accessDate": "2014-10-29T14:18:48Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Implementing the Judgments of the European Court of Human Rights from the North Caucasus", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "link.springer.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "©2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Accountability", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Chechen cases", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Chechnya", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Council of Europe", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cross Cultural Psychology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "European court of human rights", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Personality and Social Psychology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Political Science, general", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Post-conflict transition", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-03-16T21:03:43Z", "dateModified": "2015-03-17T09:18:00Z" } }, { "key": "PK7PCDFJ", "version": 9, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 337149, "name": "European Court Implementation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/european_court_implementation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/337149/items/PK7PCDFJ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/european_court_implementation/items/PK7PCDFJ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 224689, "username": "freekvandervet", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/freekvandervet", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Tamura", "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "PK7PCDFJ", "version": 9, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Isayeva Cases of the European Court of Human Rights: The Application of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Law in Non-International Armed Conflicts", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Eriko", "lastName": "Tamura" } ], "abstractNote": "This note analyses the 2005 Isayeva cases of the ECtHR, involving a non-international armed conflict, in order to show whether the Court applied only and directly the stricter standards of HRL (right to life in Article 2 of the ECHR) and, if not, how the Court substantially relied on IHL, by focusing on the differences of the principles of necessity and proportionality for the use of force between HRL and IHL. It concludes, contrary to what some authors insist, that even in the absence of the invocation of a public emergency in Article 15 of the ECHR by the State concerned, and therefore cautiously, the Court did indirectly apply IHL as an interpretive guideline for HRL.", "publicationTitle": "Chinese Journal of International Law", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2011", "volume": "10", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "129-140", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Chinese Journal of International Law", "DOI": "10.1093/chinesejil/jmr002", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://chinesejil.oxfordjournals.org/content/10/1/129", "accessDate": "2015-01-02T20:37:03Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1540-1650, 1746-9937", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The Isayeva Cases of the European Court of Human Rights", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "chinesejil.oxfordjournals.org", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-03-16T21:05:52Z", "dateModified": "2015-03-17T09:17:54Z" } }, { "key": "IVQPT6DE", "version": 9, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 337149, "name": "European Court Implementation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/european_court_implementation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/337149/items/IVQPT6DE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/european_court_implementation/items/IVQPT6DE", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 224689, "username": "freekvandervet", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/freekvandervet", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kogan", "parsedDate": "2013", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "IVQPT6DE", "version": 9, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Protecting Human Rights Defenders in the North Caucasus: Reflections on Developments from 2009 to the Present", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Vanessa", "lastName": "Kogan" } ], "abstractNote": "Since the end of the second Chechen conflict, 1 Russian authorities have struggled to contain the spread of Islamic extremism across Russia's entire North Caucasus region, especially in Chechnya, Ingushetia, Dagestan and Kabardino − Balkaria. Grave human rights violations in the course of counter-terrorism operations in these regions have been widely documented during the second Chechen conflict and its aftermath. 2 While international non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and intergovernmental bodies have long been concerned about the level of impunity for human rights violations in the North Caucasus, the murder of a well-known Chechen human rights activist in July 2009 prompted an equally strong focus on the security of human rights defenders (HRDs) working in this region. This paper first discusses several issues related to the protection of HRDs, specifically: the provision of security trainings; the application of the term ‘HRD’; the adoption of ‘tracking’ technology; the need for an integrated understanding of ‘security’; the importance of recognizing threats by non-state actors; the specific needs of women HRDs; and the effectiveness of evacuation. Finally, this paper presents questions on the sustainability of the one security model implemented thus far in a situation in which human rights work is simply too risky for local defenders to undertake.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Human Rights Practice", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2013", "volume": "5", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "500-511", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Human Rights Practice", "DOI": "10.1093/jhuman/hut015", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://jhrp.oxfordjournals.org/content/5/3/500", "accessDate": "2013-11-27T12:58:05Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1757-9619, 1757-9627", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Protecting Human Rights Defenders in the North Caucasus", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "jhrp.oxfordjournals.org", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Chechnya", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Civil Society", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Russia", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "gender-specific threats", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "security", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-03-17T09:14:05Z", "dateModified": "2015-03-17T09:17:43Z" } }, { "key": "NJZXI9KB", "version": 8, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 337149, "name": "European Court Implementation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/european_court_implementation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/337149/items/NJZXI9KB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/european_court_implementation/items/NJZXI9KB", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 224689, "username": "freekvandervet", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/freekvandervet", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Neier", "parsedDate": "1982", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { 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