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Tibor Ganti was one of those early pioneers, proposing a theoretical framework to understand the living principles in terms of chemical transformation cycles and their coupling. The turn of the century then brought with it a novel ‘systems’ paradigm, which shined light on all that previous work and carried many implications for the way we conceive of chemical and biological complexity today. In this article tribute is paid to some of those seminal contributions, highlighting the importance of adopting a systems view in present chemistry, particularly if plausible mechanisms of chemical evolution toward the first living entities want to be unraveled. We examine and put in perspective recent discoveries in the emerging subfield of ‘prebiotic systems chemistry’, reaching the conclusion that the functional coupling of protocellular subsystems (i.e., protometabolism, protogenome and membrane compartment) is the most challenging target to make qualitative advances in the problem of the origins of life. For the long-awaited goal of assembling an autonomous protocell from its most basic molecular building blocks, we further suggest that a systems integrative strategy should be considered from the earliest synthetic steps, already at the level of monomer precursors, opening the way to biogenesis.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Theoretical Biology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "September 21, 2015", "volume": "381", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "11-22", "series": "Tibor Gánti (1933- 2009): Towards the Principles of Life and Systems Chemistry", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Journal of Theoretical Biology", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.04.036", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022519315002180", "accessDate": "2020-12-23T17:12:41Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0022-5193", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Functional integration", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Origins of life", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Prebiotic systems chemistry", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Protocells", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Synthetic biology", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2020-12-23T17:13:59Z", "dateModified": "2020-12-23T17:13:59Z" } }, { "key": "QANQP8FM", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 33664, "name": "Information Theory", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/information_theory", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/33664/items/QANQP8FM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/information_theory/items/QANQP8FM", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 307044, "username": "chrisaldrich", "name": "Chris Aldrich", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/chrisaldrich", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Czárán et al.", "parsedDate": "2015-09-21", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "QANQP8FM", "version": 3, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Metabolically Coupled Replicator Systems: Overview of an RNA-world model concept of prebiotic evolution on mineral surfaces", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tamás", "lastName": "Czárán" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Balázs", "lastName": "Könnyű" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Eörs", "lastName": "Szathmáry" } ], "abstractNote": "Metabolically Coupled Replicator Systems (MCRS) are a family of models implementing a simple, physico-chemically and ecologically feasible scenario for the first steps of chemical evolution towards life. Evolution in an abiotically produced RNA-population sets in as soon as any one of the RNA molecules become autocatalytic by engaging in template directed self-replication from activated monomers, and starts increasing exponentially. Competition for the finite external supply of monomers ignites selection favouring RNA molecules with catalytic activity helping self-replication by any possible means. One way of providing such autocatalytic help is to become a replicase ribozyme. An additional way is through increasing monomer supply by contributing to monomer synthesis from external resources, i.e., by evolving metabolic enzyme activity. Retroevolution may build up an increasingly autotrophic, cooperating community of metabolic ribozymes running an increasingly complicated and ever more efficient metabolism. Maintaining such a cooperating community of metabolic replicators raises two serious ecological problems: one is keeping the system coexistent in spite of the different replicabilities of the cooperating replicators; the other is constraining parasitism, i.e., keeping “cheaters” in check. Surface-bound MCRS provide an automatic solution to both problems: coexistence and parasite resistance are the consequences of assuming the local nature of metabolic interactions. In this review we present an overview of results published in previous articles, showing that these effects are, indeed, robust in different MCRS implementations, by considering different environmental setups and realistic chemical details in a few different models. We argue that the MCRS model framework naturally offers a suitable starting point for the future modelling of membrane evolution and extending the theory to cover the emergence of the first protocell in a self-consistent manner. The coevolution of metabolic, genetic and membrane functions is hypothesized to follow the progressive sequestration scenario, the conceptual blueprint for the earliest steps of protocell evolution.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Theoretical Biology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "September 21, 2015", "volume": "381", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "39-54", "series": "Tibor Gánti (1933- 2009): Towards the Principles of Life and Systems Chemistry", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Journal of Theoretical Biology", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.06.002", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022519315002817", "accessDate": "2020-12-23T17:12:41Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0022-5193", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Metabolically Coupled Replicator Systems", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Cellular automata", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Coexistence", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Early molecular community", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Spatially explicit model", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Stability", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2020-12-23T17:13:59Z", "dateModified": "2020-12-23T17:13:59Z" } }, { "key": "JHGH5IM4", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 33664, "name": "Information Theory", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/information_theory", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/33664/items/JHGH5IM4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/information_theory/items/JHGH5IM4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 307044, "username": "chrisaldrich", "name": "Chris Aldrich", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/chrisaldrich", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Griesemer", "parsedDate": "2015-09-21", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "JHGH5IM4", "version": 3, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The enduring value of Gánti׳s chemoton model and life criteria: Heuristic pursuit of exact theoretical biology", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "James", "lastName": "Griesemer" } ], "abstractNote": "Gánti׳s chemoton model of the minimal chemical organization of living systems and life criteria for the living state and a living world are characterized. It is argued that these are better interpreted as part of a heuristic pursuit of an exact theoretical biology than as a “definition of life.” Several problems with efforts to define life are discussed. Clarifying the proper use of Gánti׳s ideas to serve constructive engineering idealizations helps to show their enduring value.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Theoretical Biology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "September 21, 2015", "volume": "381", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "23-28", "series": "Tibor Gánti (1933- 2009): Towards the Principles of Life and Systems Chemistry", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Journal of Theoretical Biology", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.05.016", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022519315002441", "accessDate": "2020-12-23T17:12:41Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0022-5193", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The enduring value of Gánti׳s chemoton model and life criteria", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Chemoton model", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Definition of life", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Gánti", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Life criteria", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2020-12-23T17:13:59Z", "dateModified": "2020-12-23T17:13:59Z" } }, { "key": "MV4EZ3ER", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 33664, "name": "Information Theory", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/information_theory", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/33664/items/MV4EZ3ER", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/information_theory/items/MV4EZ3ER", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 307044, "username": "chrisaldrich", "name": "Chris Aldrich", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/chrisaldrich", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Cornish-Bowden", "parsedDate": "2015-09-21", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "MV4EZ3ER", "version": 3, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Tibor Gánti and Robert Rosen: Contrasting approaches to the same problem", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Athel", "lastName": "Cornish-Bowden" } ], "abstractNote": "Of the various theories of life that appeared in the second half of the 20th century the chemoton of Tibor Gánti and the (M,R)-systems of Robert Rosen are among the most important, of which the former is rooted in chemical engineering and the latter is highly abstract. Despite apparent differences, in part due to very different ways of presenting them, these two approaches share some important characteristics: both are “closed to efficient causation”, which means that they require nothing from their environment, and in particular not catalysts, apart from “food”, or chemical species that allow for the production of energy. On the other hand Rosen insisted that a living organism cannot be regarded as a machine, whereas Gánti explicitly discussed its mechanical nature, and the enclosing boundary is explicitly created by the system itself in the chemoton, but is (at best) simply implicit in (M,R)-systems.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Theoretical Biology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "September 21, 2015", "volume": "381", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "6-10", "series": "Tibor Gánti (1933- 2009): Towards the Principles of Life and Systems Chemistry", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Journal of Theoretical Biology", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.05.015", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002251931500243X", "accessDate": "2020-12-23T17:12:41Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0022-5193", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Tibor Gánti and Robert Rosen", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "()-systems", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Chemoton", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Theories of life", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2020-12-23T17:13:59Z", "dateModified": "2020-12-23T17:13:59Z" } }, { "key": "CHKLVRGA", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 33664, "name": "Information Theory", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/information_theory", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/33664/items/CHKLVRGA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/information_theory/items/CHKLVRGA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 307044, "username": "chrisaldrich", "name": "Chris Aldrich", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/chrisaldrich", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ginsburg and Jablonka", "parsedDate": "2015-09-21", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "CHKLVRGA", "version": 3, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The teleological transitions in evolution: A Gántian view", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Simona", "lastName": "Ginsburg" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Eva", "lastName": "Jablonka" } ], "abstractNote": "We discuss Gánti׳s approach to the study of minimal living organization, and suggest that his methodology can be applied to the study of the two other major teleological systems described by Aristotle: minimal consciousness (sentience, experiencing) and rationality. We start by outlining Gánti׳s strategy for the case of life: listing the basic characteristics that any living system capable of open-ended evolution must satisfy, developing a dynamic model that instantiates these characteristics (the chemoton), and identifying a capacity of the system (unlimited heredity) that allows the system to dynamically persist over evolutionary time and to be used as a marker of the evolutionary transition to life. We apply Gánti׳s explanatory strategy to the evolutionary transition to minimal consciousness, suggest a transition marker (unlimited associative learning) and discuss the wider evolutionary and philosophical implications of this approach.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Theoretical Biology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "September 21, 2015", "volume": "381", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "55-60", "series": "Tibor Gánti (1933- 2009): Towards the Principles of Life and Systems Chemistry", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Journal of Theoretical Biology", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.04.007", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022519315001691", "accessDate": "2020-12-23T17:12:41Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0022-5193", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The teleological transitions in evolution", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Chemoton", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Consciousness", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Origin of life", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Transition marker", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2020-12-23T17:13:59Z", "dateModified": "2020-12-23T17:13:59Z" } }, { "key": "TVJ8F243", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 33664, "name": "Information Theory", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/information_theory", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/33664/items/TVJ8F243", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/information_theory/items/TVJ8F243", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 307044, "username": "chrisaldrich", "name": "Chris Aldrich", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/chrisaldrich", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Vasas et al.", "parsedDate": "2015-09-21", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "TVJ8F243", "version": 3, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Primordial evolvability: Impasses and challenges", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Vera", "lastName": "Vasas" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Chrisantha", "lastName": "Fernando" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "András", "lastName": "Szilágyi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "István", "lastName": "Zachár" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mauro", "lastName": "Santos" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Eörs", "lastName": "Szathmáry" } ], "abstractNote": "While it is generally agreed that some kind of replicating non-living compounds were the precursors of life, there is much debate over their possible chemical nature. Metabolism-first approaches propose that mutually catalytic sets of simple organic molecules could be capable of self-replication and rudimentary chemical evolution. In particular, the graded autocatalysis replication domain (GARD) model, depicting assemblies of amphiphilic molecules, has received considerable interest. The system propagates compositional information across generations and is suggested to be a target of natural selection. However, evolutionary simulations indicate that the system lacks selectability (i.e. selection has negligible effect on the equilibrium concentrations). We elaborate on the lessons learnt from the example of the GARD model and, more widely, on the issue of evolvability, and discuss the implications for similar metabolism-first scenarios. We found that simple incorporation-type chemistry based on non-covalent bonds, as assumed in GARD, is unlikely to result in alternative autocatalytic cycles when catalytic interactions are randomly distributed. An even more serious problem stems from the lognormal distribution of catalytic factors, causing inherent kinetic instability of such loops, due to the dominance of efficiently catalyzed components that fail to return catalytic aid. Accordingly, the dynamics of the GARD model is dominated by strongly catalytic, but not auto-catalytic, molecules. Without effective autocatalysis, stable hereditary propagation is not possible. Many repetitions and different scaling of the model come to no rescue. Despite all attempts to show the contrary, the GARD model is not evolvable, in contrast to reflexively autocatalytic networks, complemented by rare uncatalyzed reactions and compartmentation. The latter networks, resting on the creation and breakage of chemical bonds, can generate novel (‘mutant’) autocatalytic loops from a given set of environmentally available compounds. Real chemical reactions that make or break covalent bonds, rather than mere incorporation of components, are necessary for open-ended evolvability. The issue of whether or not several concrete chemical systems (rather than singular curiosities) could realize reflexively autocatalytic macromolecular networks will ultimately determine the relevance of metabolism-first approaches to the origin of life, as stepping stones towards true open-endedness that requires the combination of rich combinatorial chemistry controlled by information stored in template replicators.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Theoretical Biology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "September 21, 2015", "volume": "381", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "29-38", "series": "Tibor Gánti (1933- 2009): Towards the Principles of Life and Systems Chemistry", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Journal of Theoretical Biology", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.06.047", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022519315003264", "accessDate": "2020-12-23T17:12:41Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0022-5193", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Primordial evolvability", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Autocatalysis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Catalytic reaction networks", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Chemical evolution", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Collectively autocatalytic sets", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Evolvability", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "GARD model", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Metabolism-first theories", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Origin of life", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2020-12-23T17:13:59Z", "dateModified": "2020-12-23T17:13:59Z" } }, { "key": "3AIJT9XG", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 33664, "name": "Information Theory", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/information_theory", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/33664/items/3AIJT9XG", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/information_theory/items/3AIJT9XG", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 307044, "username": "chrisaldrich", "name": "Chris Aldrich", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/chrisaldrich", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Szathmáry", "parsedDate": "2015-09-21", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "3AIJT9XG", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Founder of systems chemistry and foundational theoretical biologist: Tibor Gánti (1933–2009)", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Eörs", "lastName": "Szathmáry" } ], "abstractNote": "With his chemoton theory theoretical biologist and chemical engineer Tibor Gánti was one of the most outstanding intellects behind systems chemistry and the at the foundations of theoretical biology. A brief review of his oeuvre is presented. This essay introduces a special issue dedicated to his memory.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Theoretical Biology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "September 21, 2015", "volume": "381", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "2-5", "series": "Tibor Gánti (1933- 2009): Towards the Principles of Life and Systems Chemistry", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Journal of Theoretical Biology", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.04.037", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022519315002192", "accessDate": "2020-12-23T17:12:41Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0022-5193", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Founder of systems chemistry and foundational theoretical biologist", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Autocatalysis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Chemoton theory", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Life criteria", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Origin of life", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "RNA world", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2020-12-23T17:13:58Z", "dateModified": "2020-12-23T17:13:58Z" } }, { "key": "KWJPJ4SK", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 33664, "name": "Information Theory", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/information_theory", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/33664/items/KWJPJ4SK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/information_theory/items/KWJPJ4SK", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 307044, "username": "chrisaldrich", "name": "Chris Aldrich", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/chrisaldrich", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Szathmáry", "parsedDate": "2015-09-21", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "KWJPJ4SK", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Editorial", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Eörs", "lastName": "Szathmáry" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Theoretical Biology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "September 21, 2015", "volume": "381", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1", "series": "Tibor Gánti (1933- 2009): Towards the Principles of Life and Systems Chemistry", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Journal of Theoretical Biology", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.07.022", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022519315003653", "accessDate": "2020-12-23T17:12:41Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0022-5193", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Tibor Ganti" }, { "tag": "origin of life" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2020-12-23T17:13:09Z", "dateModified": "2020-12-23T17:13:14Z" } }, { "key": "JFZUZ5KL", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 33664, "name": "Information Theory", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/information_theory", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/33664/items/JFZUZ5KL", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/information_theory/items/JFZUZ5KL", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 307044, "username": "chrisaldrich", "name": "Chris Aldrich", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/chrisaldrich", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "de la Escosura et al.", "parsedDate": "2015-09-21", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "JFZUZ5KL", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The systems perspective at the crossroads between chemistry and biology", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Andrés", "lastName": "de la Escosura" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Carlos", "lastName": "Briones" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kepa", "lastName": "Ruiz-Mirazo" } ], "abstractNote": "During the last century a number of authors pointed to the inherently systemic and dynamic nature of the living, yet their message was largely ignored by the mainstream of the scientific community. Tibor Ganti was one of those early pioneers, proposing a theoretical framework to understand the living principles in terms of chemical transformation cycles and their coupling. The turn of the century then brought with it a novel ‘systems’ paradigm, which shined light on all that previous work and carried many implications for the way we conceive of chemical and biological complexity today. In this article tribute is paid to some of those seminal contributions, highlighting the importance of adopting a systems view in present chemistry, particularly if plausible mechanisms of chemical evolution toward the first living entities want to be unraveled. We examine and put in perspective recent discoveries in the emerging subfield of ‘prebiotic systems chemistry’, reaching the conclusion that the functional coupling of protocellular subsystems (i.e., protometabolism, protogenome and membrane compartment) is the most challenging target to make qualitative advances in the problem of the origins of life. For the long-awaited goal of assembling an autonomous protocell from its most basic molecular building blocks, we further suggest that a systems integrative strategy should be considered from the earliest synthetic steps, already at the level of monomer precursors, opening the way to biogenesis.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Theoretical Biology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "September 21, 2015", "volume": "381", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "11-22", "series": "Tibor Gánti (1933- 2009): Towards the Principles of Life and Systems Chemistry", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Journal of Theoretical Biology", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.04.036", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022519315002180", "accessDate": "2020-12-23T17:12:41Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0022-5193", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Functional integration", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Origins of life", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Prebiotic systems chemistry", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Protocells", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Synthetic biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Tibor Ganti" }, { "tag": "origin of life" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2020-12-23T17:13:06Z", "dateModified": "2020-12-23T17:13:14Z" } }, { "key": "UDGDJXNP", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 33664, "name": "Information Theory", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/information_theory", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/33664/items/UDGDJXNP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/information_theory/items/UDGDJXNP", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 307044, "username": "chrisaldrich", "name": "Chris Aldrich", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/chrisaldrich", "type": "text/html" } } }, "parsedDate": "2015-09-21", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "UDGDJXNP", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Editorial board", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Theoretical Biology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "September 21, 2015", "volume": "381", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "IFC", "series": "Tibor Gánti (1933- 2009): Towards the Principles of Life and Systems Chemistry", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Journal of Theoretical Biology", "DOI": "10.1016/S0022-5193(15)00360-4", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022519315003604", "accessDate": "2020-12-23T17:12:42Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0022-5193", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Tibor Ganti" }, { "tag": "origin of life" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2020-12-23T17:13:11Z", "dateModified": "2020-12-23T17:13:14Z" } }, { "key": "IV823ABA", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 33664, "name": "Information Theory", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/information_theory", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/33664/items/IV823ABA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/information_theory/items/IV823ABA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 307044, "username": "chrisaldrich", "name": "Chris Aldrich", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/chrisaldrich", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ginsburg and Jablonka", "parsedDate": "2015-09-21", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "IV823ABA", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The teleological transitions in evolution: A Gántian view", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Simona", "lastName": "Ginsburg" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Eva", "lastName": "Jablonka" } ], "abstractNote": "We discuss Gánti׳s approach to the study of minimal living organization, and suggest that his methodology can be applied to the study of the two other major teleological systems described by Aristotle: minimal consciousness (sentience, experiencing) and rationality. We start by outlining Gánti׳s strategy for the case of life: listing the basic characteristics that any living system capable of open-ended evolution must satisfy, developing a dynamic model that instantiates these characteristics (the chemoton), and identifying a capacity of the system (unlimited heredity) that allows the system to dynamically persist over evolutionary time and to be used as a marker of the evolutionary transition to life. We apply Gánti׳s explanatory strategy to the evolutionary transition to minimal consciousness, suggest a transition marker (unlimited associative learning) and discuss the wider evolutionary and philosophical implications of this approach.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Theoretical Biology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "September 21, 2015", "volume": "381", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "55-60", "series": "Tibor Gánti (1933- 2009): Towards the Principles of Life and Systems Chemistry", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Journal of Theoretical Biology", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.04.007", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022519315001691", "accessDate": "2020-12-23T17:12:41Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0022-5193", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The teleological transitions in evolution", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Chemoton", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Consciousness", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Origin of life", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Tibor Ganti" }, { "tag": "Transition marker", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "origin of life" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2020-12-23T17:13:02Z", "dateModified": "2020-12-23T17:13:13Z" } }, { "key": "4EUWH9NS", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 33664, "name": "Information Theory", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/information_theory", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/33664/items/4EUWH9NS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/information_theory/items/4EUWH9NS", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 307044, "username": "chrisaldrich", "name": "Chris Aldrich", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/chrisaldrich", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Czárán et al.", "parsedDate": "2015-09-21", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "4EUWH9NS", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Metabolically Coupled Replicator Systems: Overview of an RNA-world model concept of prebiotic evolution on mineral surfaces", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tamás", "lastName": "Czárán" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Balázs", "lastName": "Könnyű" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Eörs", "lastName": "Szathmáry" } ], "abstractNote": "Metabolically Coupled Replicator Systems (MCRS) are a family of models implementing a simple, physico-chemically and ecologically feasible scenario for the first steps of chemical evolution towards life. Evolution in an abiotically produced RNA-population sets in as soon as any one of the RNA molecules become autocatalytic by engaging in template directed self-replication from activated monomers, and starts increasing exponentially. Competition for the finite external supply of monomers ignites selection favouring RNA molecules with catalytic activity helping self-replication by any possible means. One way of providing such autocatalytic help is to become a replicase ribozyme. An additional way is through increasing monomer supply by contributing to monomer synthesis from external resources, i.e., by evolving metabolic enzyme activity. Retroevolution may build up an increasingly autotrophic, cooperating community of metabolic ribozymes running an increasingly complicated and ever more efficient metabolism. Maintaining such a cooperating community of metabolic replicators raises two serious ecological problems: one is keeping the system coexistent in spite of the different replicabilities of the cooperating replicators; the other is constraining parasitism, i.e., keeping “cheaters” in check. Surface-bound MCRS provide an automatic solution to both problems: coexistence and parasite resistance are the consequences of assuming the local nature of metabolic interactions. In this review we present an overview of results published in previous articles, showing that these effects are, indeed, robust in different MCRS implementations, by considering different environmental setups and realistic chemical details in a few different models. We argue that the MCRS model framework naturally offers a suitable starting point for the future modelling of membrane evolution and extending the theory to cover the emergence of the first protocell in a self-consistent manner. The coevolution of metabolic, genetic and membrane functions is hypothesized to follow the progressive sequestration scenario, the conceptual blueprint for the earliest steps of protocell evolution.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Theoretical Biology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "September 21, 2015", "volume": "381", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "39-54", "series": "Tibor Gánti (1933- 2009): Towards the Principles of Life and Systems Chemistry", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Journal of Theoretical Biology", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.06.002", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022519315002817", "accessDate": "2020-12-23T17:12:41Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0022-5193", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Metabolically Coupled Replicator Systems", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Cellular automata", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Coexistence", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Early molecular community", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Spatially explicit model", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Stability", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Tibor Ganti" }, { "tag": "origin of life" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2020-12-23T17:13:05Z", "dateModified": "2020-12-23T17:13:13Z" } }, { "key": "EZWS4EMH", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 33664, "name": "Information Theory", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/information_theory", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/33664/items/EZWS4EMH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/information_theory/items/EZWS4EMH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 307044, "username": "chrisaldrich", "name": "Chris Aldrich", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/chrisaldrich", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Griesemer", "parsedDate": "2015-09-21", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "EZWS4EMH", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The enduring value of Gánti׳s chemoton model and life criteria: Heuristic pursuit of exact theoretical biology", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "James", "lastName": "Griesemer" } ], "abstractNote": "Gánti׳s chemoton model of the minimal chemical organization of living systems and life criteria for the living state and a living world are characterized. It is argued that these are better interpreted as part of a heuristic pursuit of an exact theoretical biology than as a “definition of life.” Several problems with efforts to define life are discussed. Clarifying the proper use of Gánti׳s ideas to serve constructive engineering idealizations helps to show their enduring value.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Theoretical Biology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "September 21, 2015", "volume": "381", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "23-28", "series": "Tibor Gánti (1933- 2009): Towards the Principles of Life and Systems Chemistry", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Journal of Theoretical Biology", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.05.016", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022519315002441", "accessDate": "2020-12-23T17:12:41Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0022-5193", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The enduring value of Gánti׳s chemoton model and life criteria", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Chemoton model", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Definition of life", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Gánti", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Life criteria", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Tibor Ganti" }, { "tag": "origin of life" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2020-12-23T17:13:04Z", "dateModified": "2020-12-23T17:13:13Z" } }, { "key": "TQYCVYFG", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 33664, "name": "Information Theory", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/information_theory", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/33664/items/TQYCVYFG", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/information_theory/items/TQYCVYFG", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 307044, "username": "chrisaldrich", "name": "Chris Aldrich", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/chrisaldrich", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Cornish-Bowden", "parsedDate": "2015-09-21", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "TQYCVYFG", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Tibor Gánti and Robert Rosen: Contrasting approaches to the same problem", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Athel", "lastName": "Cornish-Bowden" } ], "abstractNote": "Of the various theories of life that appeared in the second half of the 20th century the chemoton of Tibor Gánti and the (M,R)-systems of Robert Rosen are among the most important, of which the former is rooted in chemical engineering and the latter is highly abstract. Despite apparent differences, in part due to very different ways of presenting them, these two approaches share some important characteristics: both are “closed to efficient causation”, which means that they require nothing from their environment, and in particular not catalysts, apart from “food”, or chemical species that allow for the production of energy. On the other hand Rosen insisted that a living organism cannot be regarded as a machine, whereas Gánti explicitly discussed its mechanical nature, and the enclosing boundary is explicitly created by the system itself in the chemoton, but is (at best) simply implicit in (M,R)-systems.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Theoretical Biology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "September 21, 2015", "volume": "381", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "6-10", "series": "Tibor Gánti (1933- 2009): Towards the Principles of Life and Systems Chemistry", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Journal of Theoretical Biology", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.05.015", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002251931500243X", "accessDate": "2020-12-23T17:12:41Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0022-5193", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Tibor Gánti and Robert Rosen", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "()-systems", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Chemoton", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Theories of life", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Tibor Ganti" }, { "tag": "origin of life" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2020-12-23T17:13:04Z", "dateModified": "2020-12-23T17:13:13Z" } }, { "key": "LWMRH8LS", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 33664, "name": "Information Theory", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/information_theory", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/33664/items/LWMRH8LS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/information_theory/items/LWMRH8LS", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 307044, "username": "chrisaldrich", "name": "Chris Aldrich", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/chrisaldrich", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Vasas et al.", "parsedDate": "2015-09-21", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "LWMRH8LS", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Primordial evolvability: Impasses and challenges", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Vera", "lastName": "Vasas" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Chrisantha", "lastName": "Fernando" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "András", "lastName": "Szilágyi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "István", "lastName": "Zachár" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mauro", "lastName": "Santos" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Eörs", "lastName": "Szathmáry" } ], "abstractNote": "While it is generally agreed that some kind of replicating non-living compounds were the precursors of life, there is much debate over their possible chemical nature. Metabolism-first approaches propose that mutually catalytic sets of simple organic molecules could be capable of self-replication and rudimentary chemical evolution. In particular, the graded autocatalysis replication domain (GARD) model, depicting assemblies of amphiphilic molecules, has received considerable interest. The system propagates compositional information across generations and is suggested to be a target of natural selection. However, evolutionary simulations indicate that the system lacks selectability (i.e. selection has negligible effect on the equilibrium concentrations). We elaborate on the lessons learnt from the example of the GARD model and, more widely, on the issue of evolvability, and discuss the implications for similar metabolism-first scenarios. We found that simple incorporation-type chemistry based on non-covalent bonds, as assumed in GARD, is unlikely to result in alternative autocatalytic cycles when catalytic interactions are randomly distributed. An even more serious problem stems from the lognormal distribution of catalytic factors, causing inherent kinetic instability of such loops, due to the dominance of efficiently catalyzed components that fail to return catalytic aid. Accordingly, the dynamics of the GARD model is dominated by strongly catalytic, but not auto-catalytic, molecules. Without effective autocatalysis, stable hereditary propagation is not possible. Many repetitions and different scaling of the model come to no rescue. Despite all attempts to show the contrary, the GARD model is not evolvable, in contrast to reflexively autocatalytic networks, complemented by rare uncatalyzed reactions and compartmentation. The latter networks, resting on the creation and breakage of chemical bonds, can generate novel (‘mutant’) autocatalytic loops from a given set of environmentally available compounds. Real chemical reactions that make or break covalent bonds, rather than mere incorporation of components, are necessary for open-ended evolvability. The issue of whether or not several concrete chemical systems (rather than singular curiosities) could realize reflexively autocatalytic macromolecular networks will ultimately determine the relevance of metabolism-first approaches to the origin of life, as stepping stones towards true open-endedness that requires the combination of rich combinatorial chemistry controlled by information stored in template replicators.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Theoretical Biology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "September 21, 2015", "volume": "381", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "29-38", "series": "Tibor Gánti (1933- 2009): Towards the Principles of Life and Systems Chemistry", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Journal of Theoretical Biology", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.06.047", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022519315003264", "accessDate": "2020-12-23T17:12:41Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0022-5193", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Primordial evolvability", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Autocatalysis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Catalytic reaction networks", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Chemical evolution", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Collectively autocatalytic sets", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Evolvability", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "GARD model", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Metabolism-first theories", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Origin of life", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Tibor Ganti" }, { "tag": "origin of life" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2020-12-23T17:13:01Z", "dateModified": "2020-12-23T17:13:13Z" } }, { "key": "KALWYISH", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 33664, "name": "Information Theory", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/information_theory", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/33664/items/KALWYISH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/information_theory/items/KALWYISH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 307044, "username": "chrisaldrich", "name": "Chris Aldrich", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/chrisaldrich", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Szathmáry", "parsedDate": "2015-09-21", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "KALWYISH", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Founder of systems chemistry and foundational theoretical biologist: Tibor Gánti (1933–2009)", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Eörs", "lastName": "Szathmáry" } ], "abstractNote": "With his chemoton theory theoretical biologist and chemical engineer Tibor Gánti was one of the most outstanding intellects behind systems chemistry and the at the foundations of theoretical biology. A brief review of his oeuvre is presented. This essay introduces a special issue dedicated to his memory.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Theoretical Biology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "September 21, 2015", "volume": "381", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "2-5", "series": "Tibor Gánti (1933- 2009): Towards the Principles of Life and Systems Chemistry", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Journal of Theoretical Biology", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.04.037", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022519315002192", "accessDate": "2020-12-23T17:12:41Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0022-5193", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Founder of systems chemistry and foundational theoretical biologist", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Autocatalysis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Chemoton theory", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Life criteria", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Origin of life", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "RNA world", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Tibor Ganti" }, { "tag": "origin of life" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2020-12-23T17:13:01Z", "dateModified": "2020-12-23T17:13:12Z" } }, { "key": "THDMMZQJ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 33664, "name": "Information Theory", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/information_theory", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/33664/items/THDMMZQJ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/information_theory/items/THDMMZQJ", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/33664/items/MR3K4FM7", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 307044, "username": "chrisaldrich", "name": "Chris Aldrich", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/chrisaldrich", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "THDMMZQJ", "version": 1, "parentItem": "MR3K4FM7", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Amazon.com Link", "accessDate": "2010-12-18T06:15:00Z", "url": "http://www.amazon.com/dp/0252725484", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-12-18T06:19:26Z", "dateModified": "2010-12-18T06:19:26Z" } }, { "key": "MR3K4FM7", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 33664, "name": "Information Theory", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/information_theory", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/33664/items/MR3K4FM7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/information_theory/items/MR3K4FM7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 307044, "username": "chrisaldrich", "name": "Chris Aldrich", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/chrisaldrich", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Shannon and Weaver", "parsedDate": "1998", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "MR3K4FM7", "version": 1, "itemType": "book", "title": "The Mathematical Theory of Communication", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Claude E", "lastName": "Shannon" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Warren", "lastName": "Weaver" } ], "abstractNote": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "1998", "publisher": "University of Illinois Press", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "", "ISBN": "0252725484", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Amazon.com", "callNumber": "0370", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-12-18T06:19:26Z", "dateModified": "2010-12-18T06:19:26Z" } } ]