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            "abstractNote": "ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATIONHeavy Duty Diesel Particulate Matter and Fuel Consumption Modeling for Transportation AnalysisbyGeorge Alexander ScoraDoctor of Philosophy, Graduate Program in Chemical and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of California, Riverside, March 2012Dr. Matthew Barth, ChairpersonOne of the most important issues concerning transportation is the impact of vehicle emissions on air quality and human health. Vehicle emission modeling is used to predict and evaluate the relationship between transportation activity and transportation emissions for many applications. The first part of this dissertation builds on previous emission modeling work and focuses on the development of a microscale HDD emission model for particulate matter (PM), one of the primary diesel pollutants of concern. In this work, a hybrid approach is used in which a physically based fuel and emission model is coupled with a statistical model to produce PM estimates at the microscale level. The microscale model is calibrated using measured on-road real-time data from UC Riverside's Mobile Emissions Laboratory (MEL). Microscale modeling errors are less than 3% for fuel consumption and less than 17% for PM over a 2.5 hour validation cycle. PM emissions from compression release braking events were also observed, quantified in the data set, and modeled to improve the overall PM emissions estimation. A key factor in HDD fuel use and carbon dioxide estimation is the <italic>operational variability</italic> associated with heavy duty truck use. With a better understanding of this variability, it is possible to alter vehicle operation in order to reduce CO<sub>2</sub>. The second part of this dissertation focuses on operational parameters and the development of a mesoscale fuel consumption and emission model that accounts for road grade and vehicle weight in addition to velocity. Model development and validation for this portion of work are based on simulated data from the microscale HDD model of measured activity and various road grade and vehicle weight combinations. Mesoscale modeling errors for the validation data set are less than 2% for fuel consumption and less than 12% for PM emissions.In the final portion of this dissertation, the usefulness of this new mesoscale fuel and emissions model for transportation applications is demonstrated by its implementation in an environmentally friendly navigation (EFNav) application. The focus of EFNav is to decrease the amount of wasted energy (or increased emissions) due to poor routing choices. Routing today is typically based on minimizing the distance or duration traveled. With the inclusion of the new mesoscale fuel/emissions model, vehicle routing can now be based on fuel consumption or emissions that vary with average real-time link speed, average link road grade, and vehicle weight. The application of the mesoscale model is supported by a digital roadway map that integrates real-time traffic data from multiple sources. Vehicle testing of the mesoscale model with EFNav demonstrates the sensitivity of the system to road grade and vehicle weight and the ability of the system to accurately predict fuel consumption and emissions, making it a useful tool for HDD routing.",
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            "title": "Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicle Fuel Consumption Modeling Based on Road Load and Power Train Parameters",
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            "abstractNote": "The EPA is developing a new generation emissions inventory model, MOVES (Motor Vehicle Emissions Simulator). The first version of the model outputs fuel consumption based on available modal data. However, due to the limited heavy-duty vehicle data, MOVES rates need to be supplemented with rates determined with the Physical Emission Rate Estimator (PERE). PERE combines vehicle tractive power together with vehicle powertrain parameters specific to the class of vehicle; the vehicle weight, shape, engine type, and transmission. Analysis of in-use data for heavy-duty diesel tractortrailer vehicles, city transit diesel buses, and dynamometer non-road diesel engines has enabled a determination of diesel engine efficiency and friction and transmission shift schedules for these engines and vehicles. These model parameters and a comparison of the model results to measured fuel consumption and CO2 emissions are presented.",
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            "title": "Segmented road grade estimation for fuel efficient heavy duty vehicles",
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                    "firstName": "P.",
                    "lastName": "Sahlholm"
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            "abstractNote": "Long haulage road transport consumes considerable amounts of energy in today's world. Predictive control strategies based on digital maps can significantly lower the portion being wasted in traditional cruise control operated highway driving. Such control strategies rely on high quality stored road grade information. This paper describes a newly developed method to estimate the road grade using sensors commonly found on standard heavy duty vehicles. The method utilizes a piecewise linear road model derived from highway design methodologies. The estimation method has been implemented and evaluated experimentally, and is shown to give better results compared to an existing method.",
            "proceedingsTitle": "2010 49th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)",
            "conferenceName": "2010 49th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)",
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            "date": "December 2010",
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            "pages": "1045-1050",
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            "seriesNumber": "",
            "DOI": "10.1109/CDC.2010.5717298",
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            "libraryCatalog": "IEEE Xplore",
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            "dateAdded": "2015-03-05T16:11:00Z",
            "dateModified": "2015-03-05T16:11:00Z"
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