[ { "key": "W6NSN9XF", "version": 154, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 331881, "name": "Origins-COT", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/origins-cot", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/331881/items/W6NSN9XF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/origins-cot/items/W6NSN9XF", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2354362, "username": "tveloz", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tveloz", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Auffray and Nottale", "parsedDate": "2008-05-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "W6NSN9XF", "version": 154, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Scale relativity theory and integrative systems biology: 1: Founding principles and scale laws", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Charles", "lastName": "Auffray" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Laurent", "lastName": "Nottale" } ], "abstractNote": "In these two companion papers, we provide an overview and a brief history of the multiple roots, current developments and recent advances of integrative systems biology and identify multiscale integration as its grand challenge. Then we introduce the fundamental principles and the successive steps that have been followed in the construction of the scale relativity theory, and discuss how scale laws of increasing complexity can be used to model and understand the behaviour of complex biological systems. In scale relativity theory, the geometry of space is considered to be continuous but non-differentiable, therefore fractal (i.e., explicitly scale-dependent). One writes the equations of motion in such a space as geodesics equations, under the constraint of the principle of relativity of all scales in nature. To this purpose, covariant derivatives are constructed that implement the various effects of the non-differentiable and fractal geometry. In this first review paper, the scale laws that describe the new dependence on resolutions of physical quantities are obtained as solutions of differential equations acting in the scale space. This leads to several possible levels of description for these laws, from the simplest scale invariant laws to generalized laws with variable fractal dimensions. 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These extensions share a focus on agents, networks and processes rather than on independent, static units, such as genes. To develop a new evolutionary synthesis, we therefore need to replace the traditional object-based ontology by one that is here called “relational agency”. The paper sketches the history of both object-based and relational worldviews, going back to their roots in animism and Greek philosophy. It then introduces the basic concepts of the relational agency model: condition-action rules, challenges, agents, reaction networks and chemical organizations. These are illustrated with examples of self-contained ecosystems, genes and cells. The fundamental evolutionary mechanism is that agencies and reactions mutually adapt so as to form a self- maintaining organization, in which everything consumed by one process is produced again by one or more other processes. 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}, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marta", "lastName": "Lenartowicz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Francis", "lastName": "Heylighen" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Complexity", "publisher": "Hindawi", "place": "", "date": "2022", "volume": "2022", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Google Scholar", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2023-01-30T15:01:48Z", "dateModified": "2023-01-30T15:01:48Z" } }, { "key": "8DBZNL7X", "version": 158, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 331881, "name": "Origins-COT", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/origins-cot", 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"lastName": "Maldonado" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Evo", "lastName": "Bussseniers" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alejandro", "lastName": "Bassi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Shima", "lastName": "Beigi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marta", "lastName": "Lenartowicz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Francis", "lastName": "Heylighen" } ], "abstractNote": "Reaction network is a promising framework for representing complex systems of diverse and even interdisciplinary types. In this approach, complex systems appear as self-maintaining structures emerging from a multitude of interactions, similar to proposed scenarios for the origin of life out of autocatalytic networks. The formalism of chemical organization theory (COT) mathematically specifies under which conditions a reaction network is stable enough to be observed as a whole complex system. Such conditions specify the notion of organization, crucial in COT. In this paper, we show that the structure and operation of organizations can be advanced towards a formal framework of resilience in complex systems. That is, we show that there exist three fundamental types of change (state, process, and structural) defined for reaction networks, and that these perturbations not only provide a general representation of perturbations in the context of resilience but also pave the ground to formalize different forms of resilient responses. In particular, we show that decomposing the network’s operational structure into dynamically decoupled modules allows to formalize what is the impact of a perturbation and to what extent any potential compensation to that perturbation will be successful. We illustrate our approach with a toy model of a farm that operates in a sustainable way producing milk, eggs, and/or grains from other resources. With the help of simulations, we analyze the different types of perturbations and responses that the farm can undergo and how that affects its sustainable operation.", "publicationTitle": "Complexity", "publisher": "Hindawi", "place": "", "date": "2022/01/31", "volume": "2022", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "e9944562", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1155/2022/9944562", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://www.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2022/9944562/", "accessDate": "2022-02-21T18:04:03Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1076-2787", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.hindawi.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "2YVP5PZ8", "RTZMKXEP" ], "relations": { "dc:replaces": "http://zotero.org/groups/331881/items/XLXJY36R" }, "dateAdded": "2022-01-19T11:55:57Z", "dateModified": "2022-02-21T18:15:39Z" } }, { "key": "EBJXWZ29", "version": 131, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 331881, "name": "Origins-COT", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/origins-cot", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/331881/items/EBJXWZ29", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/origins-cot/items/EBJXWZ29", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 146200, "username": "fheyligh", "name": "Francis Heylighen", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/fheyligh", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Veloz and Flores", "parsedDate": "2021-05-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "EBJXWZ29", "version": 131, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Toward endosymbiosis modeling using reaction networks", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tomas", "lastName": "Veloz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Daniela", "lastName": "Flores" } ], "abstractNote": "Endosymbiosis is a type of symbiosis where one species inhabits another species, and both are benefited. It is not trivial to develop models of endosymbiosis because the interaction might involve complex mechanisms, consisting of various steps, and occurring at different levels of the organisms activity. Reaction networks can be applied to model complex ecological interaction mechanisms that can hardly be represented by traditional network approaches. Namely, entities of the reaction network represent either ecological species, resources, or conditions for the ecological interactions to happen, and ecological interaction mechanisms are represented by sequences of reactions (processes) in the reaction network. Hence, an ecological interaction is modeled as a reaction pathway. In this article, we present a mechanistic model of an endosymbiotic interaction using reaction networks. The model includes three representation layers at different timescales (intracellular, intercellular and organismic) model of the interaction. As an example, We provide a numerical analysis of the effects of the endosymbiotic interaction at the intracellular layer.", "publicationTitle": "Soft Computing", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2021-05-01", "volume": "25", "issue": "9", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "6831-6840", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Soft Comput", "DOI": "10.1007/s00500-020-05530-2", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-020-05530-2", "accessDate": "2022-01-25T11:07:59Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1433-7479", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Springer Link", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "RTZMKXEP" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2022-01-25T11:08:13Z", "dateModified": "2022-01-25T11:08:13Z" } }, { "key": "WWSP68YU", "version": 130, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 331881, "name": "Origins-COT", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/origins-cot", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/331881/items/WWSP68YU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/origins-cot/items/WWSP68YU", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 146200, "username": "fheyligh", "name": "Francis Heylighen", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/fheyligh", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Rubin et al.", "parsedDate": "2021-01-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "WWSP68YU", "version": 130, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Beyond planetary-scale feedback self-regulation: Gaia as an autopoietic system", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sergio", "lastName": "Rubin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tomas", "lastName": "Veloz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Pedro", "lastName": "Maldonado" } ], "abstractNote": "The Gaia hypothesis states that the Earth is an instance of life. However, appraisals of it tend to focus on the claim that life is a feedback self-regulator that controls Earth's chemistry and climate dynamics, yet, self-regulation by feedbacks is not a definitive characteristic of living systems. Here, we consider the characterization of biological systems as autopoietic systems (causally organized to self-produce through metabolic efficient closure) and then ask whether the Gaia hypothesis is a tractable question from this standpoint. A proof-of-concept based on Chemical Organization Theory (COT) and the Zero Deficiency Theorem (ZDT) applied on a simple but representative Earth's molecular reaction network supports the thesis of Gaia as an autopoietic system. We identify the formation of self-producing organizations within the reaction network, corresponding to recognizable scenarios of Earth's history. These results provide further opportunities to discuss how the instantiation of autopoiesis at the planetary scale could manifests central features of biological phenomenon, such as autonomy and anticipation, and what this implies for the further development of the Gaia theory, Earth's climate modelling and geoengineering.", "publicationTitle": "Biosystems", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "January 1, 2021", "volume": "199", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "104314", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Biosystems", "DOI": "10.1016/j.biosystems.2020.104314", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030326472030188X", "accessDate": "2020-12-15T16:14:40Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0303-2647", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Beyond planetary-scale feedback self-regulation", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Autonomy and anticipation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Autopoiesis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Chemical organization theory", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Earth's climate system", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Gaia hypothesis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Living systems", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Self-production by metabolic closure", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Zero deficiency theorem", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "RTZMKXEP" ], "relations": { "dc:replaces": [ "http://zotero.org/groups/331881/items/H7X9RB9U", "http://zotero.org/groups/331881/items/EETBXLSI" ] }, "dateAdded": "2021-02-15T11:02:45Z", "dateModified": "2022-01-19T15:05:48Z" } }, { "key": "7342YNNS", "version": 130, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 331881, "name": "Origins-COT", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/origins-cot", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/331881/items/7342YNNS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/origins-cot/items/7342YNNS", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 146200, "username": "fheyligh", "name": "Francis Heylighen", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/fheyligh", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Veloz", "parsedDate": "2021", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "7342YNNS", "version": 130, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Goals as Emergent Autopoietic Processes", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tomas", "lastName": "Veloz" } ], "abstractNote": "While the phenomena of reaching a goal is generally represented in the framework of optimization, the phenomena of becoming of a goal is more similar to a “self-organization and emergent” rather than an “optimization and preexisting” process. In this article we provide a modeling framework for the former alternative by representing goals as emergent autopoietic structures. In order to conceptually situate our approach, we first review some of the most remarkable attempts to formally define emergence, and identify that in most cases such definitions rely on a preexisting system to be observed prior and post emergence, being thus inadequate for a formalization of emergent goals corresponding to the becoming of a systems as such (e.g. emergence of life). Next, we review how an implementation of the reaction networks framework, known as Chemical Organization Theory (COT), can be applied to formalize autopoietic structures, providing a basis to operationalize goals as an emergent process. We next revisit the definitions of emergence under the light of our approach, and demonstrate that recent taxonomies developed to classify different forms of emergence can be naturally deduced from recent work aimed to explain the kinds of changes of the organizational structure of a reaction network.", "publicationTitle": "Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2021", "volume": "9", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fbioe.2021.720652", "accessDate": "2022-01-19T11:56:56Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "2296-4185", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Frontiers", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "RTZMKXEP" ], "relations": { "dc:replaces": [ "http://zotero.org/groups/331881/items/KUNCDWVY", "http://zotero.org/groups/331881/items/FMFCZXQB" ] }, "dateAdded": "2022-01-19T11:56:56Z", "dateModified": "2022-01-19T15:05:41Z" } }, { "key": "DB2NMQD5", "version": 158, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 331881, "name": "Origins-COT", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/origins-cot", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/331881/items/DB2NMQD5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/origins-cot/items/DB2NMQD5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 146200, "username": "fheyligh", "name": "Francis Heylighen", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/fheyligh", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 3543, "username": "clement", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/clement", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Veloz and Flores", "parsedDate": "2021-08-09", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "DB2NMQD5", "version": 158, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Reaction Network Modeling of Complex Ecological Interactions: Endosymbiosis and Multilevel Regulation", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tomas", "lastName": "Veloz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Daniela", "lastName": "Flores" } ], "abstractNote": "Endosymbiosis is a type of symbiosis where one species of microscopic scale inhabits the cell of another species of a larger scale, such that the exchange of metabolic byproducts produces mutual benefit. These benefits can occur at different biological levels. For example, endosymbiosis promotes efficiency of the cell metabolism, cell replication, and the generation of a macroscopic layer that protects the organism from its predators. Therefore, modeling endosymbiosis requires a complex-systems and multilevel approach. We propose a model of endosymbiosis based on reaction networks, where species of the reaction network represent either ecological species, resources, or conditions for the ecological interactions to happen, and the endosymbiotic interaction mechanisms are represented by different sequences of reactions (processes) in the reaction network. As an example, we develop a toy model of the coral endosymbiotic interaction. The model considers two reaction networks, representing biochemical traffic and cellular proliferation levels, respectively. In addition, the model incorporates top-down and bottom-up regulation mechanisms that stabilizes the endosymbiotic interaction.", "publicationTitle": "Complexity", "publisher": "Hindawi", "place": "", "date": "2021/08/09", "volume": "2021", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "e8760937", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1155/2021/8760937", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://www.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2021/8760937/", "accessDate": "2022-01-19T11:57:55Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1076-2787", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Reaction Network Modeling of Complex Ecological Interactions", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.hindawi.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "RTZMKXEP" ], "relations": { "dc:replaces": "http://zotero.org/groups/331881/items/V7QP5KDX" }, "dateAdded": "2022-01-19T11:57:55Z", "dateModified": "2022-01-19T15:00:28Z" } }, { "key": "T3BNDPC3", "version": 157, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 331881, "name": "Origins-COT", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/origins-cot", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/331881/items/T3BNDPC3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/origins-cot/items/T3BNDPC3", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 146200, "username": "fheyligh", "name": "Francis Heylighen", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/fheyligh", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 3543, "username": "clement", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/clement", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Busseniers et al.", "parsedDate": "2021-08", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "T3BNDPC3", "version": 157, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Goal Directedness, Chemical Organizations, and Cybernetic Mechanisms", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Evo", "lastName": "Busseniers" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tomas", "lastName": "Veloz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Francis", "lastName": "Heylighen" } ], "abstractNote": "In this article, we attempt at developing a scenario for the self-organization of goal-directed systems out of networks of (chemical) reactions. Related scenarios have been proposed to explain the origin of life starting from autocatalytic sets, but these sets tend to be too unstable and dependent on their environment to maintain. We apply instead a framework called Chemical Organization Theory (COT), which shows mathematically under which conditions reaction networks are able to form self-maintaining, autopoietic organizations. We introduce the concepts of perturbation, action, and goal based on an operationalization of the notion of change developed within COT. Next, we incorporate the latter with notions native to the theory of cybernetics aimed to explain goal directedness: reference levels and negative feedback among others. To test and refine these theoretical results, we present some examples that illustrate our approach. We finally discuss how this could result in a realistic, step-by-step scenario for the evolution of goal directedness, thus providing a theoretical solution to the age-old question of the origins of purpose.", "publicationTitle": "Entropy", "publisher": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute", "place": "", "date": "2021/8", "volume": "23", "issue": "8", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1039", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.3390/e23081039", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/8/1039", "accessDate": "2022-01-19T11:56:32Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.mdpi.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/", "extra": "Number: 8", "tags": [ { "tag": "chemical organization theory", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cybernetic mechanisms", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "goal-directedness", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "RTZMKXEP" ], "relations": { "dc:replaces": [ "http://zotero.org/groups/331881/items/9SWPVY9N", "http://zotero.org/groups/331881/items/Y8A35ITA" ] }, "dateAdded": "2022-01-19T11:56:32Z", "dateModified": "2022-01-19T15:00:10Z" } }, { "key": "LKRQFBT7", "version": 128, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 331881, "name": "Origins-COT", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/origins-cot", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/331881/items/LKRQFBT7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/origins-cot/items/LKRQFBT7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 146200, "username": "fheyligh", "name": "Francis Heylighen", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/fheyligh", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Heylighen", "parsedDate": "2022", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "LKRQFBT7", "version": 128, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Meaning and Origin of Goal-Directedness: A Dynamical Systems Perspective", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Francis", "lastName": "Heylighen" } ], "abstractNote": "This paper attempts to clarify the notion of goal-directedness, which is often misunderstood as being inconsistent with standard causal mechanisms. We first note that goal-directedness does not presuppose any mysterious forces, such as intelligent design, vitalism, conscious intention or backward causation. We then review attempts at defining goal-directedness by means of more operational characteristics: equifinality, plasticity, persistence, concerted action and negative feedback. We show that all these features can be explained by interpreting a goal as a far-from-equilibrium attractor of a dynamical system. This implies that perturbations that make the system deviate from its goal-directed trajectory are automatically compensated—at least as long as the system stays within the same basin of attraction. We argue that attractors and basins with the necessary degree of resilience tend to self-organize in complex reaction networks, thus producing self-maintaining “organizations”. These can be seen as an abstract model of the first goal-directed systems, and thus of the origin of life.", "publicationTitle": "Biological Journal of the Linnean Society", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2022", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0024-4066", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The Meaning and Origin of Goal-Directedness", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Vrije Universiteit Brussel", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "RTZMKXEP" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2022-01-19T14:59:31Z", "dateModified": "2022-01-19T14:59:31Z" } }, { "key": "JCL942JK", "version": 127, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 331881, "name": "Origins-COT", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/origins-cot", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/331881/items/JCL942JK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/origins-cot/items/JCL942JK", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 146200, "username": "fheyligh", "name": "Francis Heylighen", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/fheyligh", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lenartowicz", "parsedDate": "2022", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "JCL942JK", "version": 127, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "The Method of Humanity", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marta", "lastName": "Lenartowicz" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Marta", "lastName": "Lenartowicz" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Jessie", "lastName": "Eggers" } ], "abstractNote": "Might the grand collective cognitive operation of humanity, termed the noosphere, be oriented by a methodological direction? Rewording the original ideas of Pierre Teilhard de Chardin in contemporary academic terms, I conceptualise the noosphere as an ongoing interrelating of cognitive processes: an interrelating which progresses through a particular kind of events. I define these noospheric events as instances of cognitive interiorisation that is conducted in a consciously contingent way. I propose that such rewording allows us to address the methodological question of this essay quite precisely.", "bookTitle": "Reflective Coiling", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2022", "publisher": "Bright Hall Publishing", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Vrije Universiteit Brussel", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "RTZMKXEP" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2022-01-19T14:59:15Z", "dateModified": "2022-01-19T14:59:15Z" } }, { "key": "ZH9DALWS", "version": 124, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 331881, "name": "Origins-COT", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/origins-cot", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/331881/items/ZH9DALWS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/origins-cot/items/ZH9DALWS", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 146200, "username": "fheyligh", "name": "Francis Heylighen", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/fheyligh", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Beigi and Heylighen", "parsedDate": "2021", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ZH9DALWS", "version": 124, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "Collective Consciousness Supported by the Web: Healthy or Toxic?", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Shima", "lastName": "Beigi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Francis", "lastName": "Heylighen" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Ngoc Thanh", "lastName": "Nguyen" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Lazaros", "lastName": "Iliadis" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Ilias", "lastName": "Maglogiannis" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Bogdan", "lastName": "Trawiński" } ], "abstractNote": "We define the noosphere as the conscious level of the web, where global conversations are being held about collective challenges. To understand its dynamics, we review three neuroscientific theories of consciousness: information integration, adaptive resonance, and global workspace. These suggest that conscious thoughts are characterized by a “resonant”, self-maintaining pattern of circulating information. This pattern should be sufficiently stable to be examined and dependably stored, yet sufficiently plastic to adapt to new input. The self-organizing dynamics of ideas circulating on the web, however, may settle in an attractor that is too resistant to accommodate new information. This results in a closed, toxic form of collective consciousness exemplified by conspiracy theories. We review the global discussion of the COVID-19 pandemic to illustrate healthy and unhealthy forms of noospheric consciousness. We then argue for the need to promote the healthy form via the modelling of the dynamics of idea propagation and the dissemination of narratives promoting open conversation.", "proceedingsTitle": "Computational Collective Intelligence", "conferenceName": "", "publisher": "Springer International Publishing", "place": "Cham", "date": "2021", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "81-93", "series": "Lecture Notes in Computer Science", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "10.1007/978-3-030-88081-1_7", "ISBN": "978-3-030-88081-1", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Collective Consciousness Supported by the Web", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Springer Link", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "COVID-19", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Collective intelligence", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Consciousness", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Conspiracy theories", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Global brain", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Neuroscience", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Noosphere", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "RTZMKXEP" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2022-01-19T14:57:47Z", "dateModified": "2022-01-19T14:57:47Z" } }, { "key": "DG5MIKZE", "version": 157, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 331881, "name": "Origins-COT", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/origins-cot", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/331881/items/DG5MIKZE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/origins-cot/items/DG5MIKZE", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 146200, "username": "fheyligh", "name": "Francis Heylighen", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/fheyligh", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 3543, "username": "clement", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/clement", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "de Freitas Nunes-Neto et al.", "parsedDate": "2016", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "DG5MIKZE", "version": 157, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Function and normativity in social-ecological systems", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nei", "lastName": "de Freitas Nunes-Neto" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Cristian", "lastName": "Saborido" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Charbel N.", "lastName": "El-Hani" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Blandina", "lastName": "Viana" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alvaro", "lastName": "Moreno" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Filosofia e História da Biologia", "publisher": "Associação Brasileira de Filosofia e História da Biologia-ABFHiB", "place": "", "date": "2016", "volume": "11", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "259–287", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Google Scholar", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2021-10-04T10:43:40Z", "dateModified": "2021-10-04T10:43:40Z" } }, { "key": "PGSQTMGA", "version": 156, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 331881, "name": "Origins-COT", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/origins-cot", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/331881/items/PGSQTMGA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/origins-cot/items/PGSQTMGA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 146200, "username": "fheyligh", "name": "Francis Heylighen", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/fheyligh", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 3543, "username": "clement", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/clement", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Nunes-Neto et al.", "parsedDate": "2014", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "PGSQTMGA", "version": 156, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Function in ecology: an organizational approach", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nei", "lastName": "Nunes-Neto" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alvaro", "lastName": "Moreno" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Charbel N.", "lastName": "El-Hani" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Biology & Philosophy", "publisher": "Springer", "place": "", "date": "2014", "volume": "29", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "123–141", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Function in ecology", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Google Scholar", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2021-10-04T10:43:40Z", "dateModified": "2021-10-04T10:43:40Z" } }, { "key": "4AQHGTMJ", "version": 113, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 331881, "name": "Origins-COT", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/origins-cot", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/331881/items/4AQHGTMJ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/origins-cot/items/4AQHGTMJ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 146200, "username": "fheyligh", "name": "Francis Heylighen", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/fheyligh", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Moreno and Etxeberria", "parsedDate": "2005-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "4AQHGTMJ", "version": 113, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Agency in Natural and Artificial Systems", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alvaro", "lastName": "Moreno" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Arantza", "lastName": "Etxeberria" } ], "abstractNote": "We analyze the conditions for agency in natural and artificial systems. In the case of basic (natural) autonomous systems, self-construction and activity in the environment are two aspects of the same organization, the distinction between which is entirely conceptual: their sensorimotor activities are metabolic, realized according to the same principles and through the same material transformations as those typical of internal processes (such as energy transduction). The two aspects begin to be distinguishable in a particular evolutionary trend, related to the size increase of some groups of organisms whose adaptive abilities depend on motility. Here a specialized system develops, which, in the sensorimotor aspect, is decoupled from the metabolic basis, although it remains dependent on it in the self-constructive aspect. This decoupling reveals a complexification of the organization. In the last section of the article this approach to natural agency is used to analyze artificial systems by posing two problems: whether it is possible to artificially build an organization similar to the natural, and whether this notion of agency can be grounded on different organizing principles.", "publicationTitle": "Artificial Life", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2005-01", "volume": "11", "issue": "1-2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "161-175", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1162/1064546053278919", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1064-5462", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "IEEE Xplore", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "Conference Name: Artificial Life", "tags": [ { "tag": "Agency", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "autonomy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "dynamic decoupling", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "evolution", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "motility", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "robots", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "sensorimotor activity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "size", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2021-10-04T10:43:40Z", "dateModified": "2021-10-04T10:43:40Z" } }, { "key": "QC5T2VAB", "version": 157, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 331881, "name": "Origins-COT", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/origins-cot", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/331881/items/QC5T2VAB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/origins-cot/items/QC5T2VAB", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 146200, "username": "fheyligh", "name": "Francis Heylighen", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/fheyligh", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 3543, "username": "clement", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/clement", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "McShea", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "QC5T2VAB", "version": 157, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Upper-directed systems: a new approach to teleology in biology", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Daniel W.", "lastName": "McShea" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Biology & Philosophy", "publisher": "Springer", "place": "", "date": "2012", "volume": "27", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "663–684", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Upper-directed systems", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Google Scholar", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2021-10-04T10:34:15Z", "dateModified": "2021-10-04T10:34:15Z" } }, { "key": "AZBA7G29", "version": 157, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 331881, "name": "Origins-COT", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/origins-cot", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/331881/items/AZBA7G29", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/origins-cot/items/AZBA7G29", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 146200, "username": "fheyligh", "name": "Francis Heylighen", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/fheyligh", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 3543, "username": "clement", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/clement", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bich", "parsedDate": "2019", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "AZBA7G29", "version": 157, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "The Problem of Functional Boundaries in Prebiotic and Inter-Biological Systems", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Leonardo", "lastName": "Bich" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Gianfranco", "lastName": "Minati" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Mario R.", "lastName": "Abram" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Eliano", "lastName": "Pessa" } ], "abstractNote": "The concept of organisational closure, interpreted as a set of internally produced and mutually dependent constraints, allows understanding organisms as functionally integrated systems capable of self-production and self-maintenance through the control exerted upon biosynthetic processes and the exchanges of matter and energy with the environment. One of the current challenges faced by this theoretical framework is to account for limit cases in which a robust functional closure cannot be realised from within. In order to achieve functional sufficiency and persist, prebiotic or biological systems may need to recruit external constraints or expand their network of control interactions to include other autonomous systems. These phenomena seem to contrast with the very idea of closure and the capability of living systems to specify their functional boundaries from within. This paper will analyse from an organisational perspective the role of environmental scaffolds and of different classes of intersystem interactions in prebiotic and supra-organismal biological scenarios, and show how the theoretical framework based on the notion of closure can account for these cases.", "bookTitle": "Systemics of Incompleteness and Quasi-Systems", "series": "Contemporary Systems Thinking", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2019", "publisher": "Springer International Publishing", "place": "Cham", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "295-302", "ISBN": "978-3-030-15277-2", "DOI": "10.1007/978-3-030-15277-2_23", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15277-2_23", "accessDate": "2021-10-04T10:28:38Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Springer Link", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2021-10-04T10:34:15Z", "dateModified": "2021-10-04T10:34:15Z" } }, { "key": "QJIR22DN", "version": 157, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 331881, "name": "Origins-COT", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/origins-cot", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/331881/items/QJIR22DN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/origins-cot/items/QJIR22DN", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 146200, "username": "fheyligh", "name": "Francis Heylighen", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/fheyligh", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 3543, "username": "clement", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/clement", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Walsh", "parsedDate": "2008-07-10", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "QJIR22DN", "version": 157, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Teleology", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D. M.", "lastName": "Walsh" } ], "abstractNote": "\"Teleology\" published on by Oxford University Press.", "websiteTitle": "The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Biology", "websiteType": "", "date": "2008/07/10", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195182057.003.0006", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195182057.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780195182057-e-006", "accessDate": "2021-09-16T17:47:22Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "rights": "", "extra": "ISBN: 9780195182057", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2021-10-04T10:34:15Z", "dateModified": "2021-10-04T10:34:15Z" } }, { "key": "VH6SV464", "version": 157, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 331881, "name": "Origins-COT", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/origins-cot", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/331881/items/VH6SV464", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/origins-cot/items/VH6SV464", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 146200, "username": "fheyligh", "name": "Francis Heylighen", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/fheyligh", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 3543, "username": "clement", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/clement", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Simon", "parsedDate": "1976", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "VH6SV464", "version": 157, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A Cybernetic Analysis of Goal-Directedness", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Thomas W.", "lastName": "Simon" } ], "abstractNote": "The main aim of this paper is to demonstrate the viability and fruitfulness of employing a cybernetic formulation for analyzing many important facets of goal-directed activity, both non-purposeful and purposeful. Unsuccessful past attempts at this program are examined. A reformulation of the cybernetic analysis is proposed which avoids the pitfalls of these attempts by constructing evidentiary tests for rather than a behavioral definition of goal-directedness. This new formulation enables one to counter the most salient criticisms of a cybernetic analysis. A cybernetic account of goal-directedness retains the distinguishing features of teleological explanations without construing them as distinct in kind from causal ones. An empirically adequate sense of the causal efficacy of goals is proposed.", "publicationTitle": "PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association", "publisher": "[University of Chicago Press, Springer, Philosophy of Science Association]", "place": "", "date": "1976", "volume": "1976", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "56-67", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/192351", "accessDate": "2021-09-11T15:21:15Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0270-8647", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "JSTOR", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2021-10-04T10:34:15Z", "dateModified": "2021-10-04T10:34:15Z" } } ]