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Y. Gray", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jwyg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Tempini and Teira", "parsedDate": "2019-01-17", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "S7W23IKT", "version": 123, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Is the genie out of the bottle? Digital platforms and the future of clinical trials", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Niccolò", "lastName": "Tempini" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David", "lastName": "Teira" } ], "abstractNote": "Is it possible to conduct impartial clinical trials in a world full of digital networking tools that patients can use to coordinate themselves and act against research protocols? This paper builds on an ethnography of PatientsLikeMe, a company running an internet social media network where patients with different conditions share their clinical data with standardized questionnaires. The company faced a serious dilemma in 2011 when some ALS patients, members of the site, started sharing data about a phase II clinical trial of an experimental drug (NP001) in which some of them were participating, to anticipate the experiment’s outcomes and understand each one’s allocation over trial arms. In parallel, some other patients were using the site and other web tools to coordinate and run their own replication of the trial with homebrew mixes of industrial grade chemicals. PatientsLikeMe researchers reflected on their position as networks managers and eventually decided to use the collected data to develop their own analysis of the efficacy of the original compound, and of the homebrewers’ compound. They presented the NP001 events as a case in point for articulating a new social contract for clinical research. This paper analyses these events, first, by understanding the clinical trial as an experiment organization form that can succeed only as long as its protocol can be enforced; second, we observe how web networks make it dramatically easier for the trial protocol to be violated; finally, we point out how a potentially dangerous confluence of interests over web networks could incubate developments that disrupt the status quo without creating a robust and safe alternative for experimentation. We conclude by warning about the interests of the pharmaceutical industry in exploiting patients’ methodological requests to its own advantage.", "publicationTitle": "Economy and Society", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "January 17, 2019", "volume": "0", "issue": "0", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1-30", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1080/03085147.2018.1547496", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/03085147.2018.1547496", "accessDate": "2019-03-06T15:05:41Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0308-5147", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Is the genie out of the bottle?", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Taylor and Francis+NEJM", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "blinding", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "clinical trial", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "digital networks", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "patient activism", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "patient-led research", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "social media", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2019-03-06T15:05:41Z", "dateModified": "2019-03-06T15:05:41Z" } }, { "key": "CYIUXD7S", "version": 120, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 330965, "name": "Data Activism", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/data_activism", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/330965/items/CYIUXD7S", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/data_activism/items/CYIUXD7S", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/330965/items/5JUAAG85", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 30496, "username": "jwyg", "name": "Jonathan W. 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Y. Gray", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jwyg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Perkins", "parsedDate": "2014-04-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "5JUAAG85", "version": 117, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Plotting Practices and Politics: (Im)mutable Narratives in OpenStreetMap", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Chris", "lastName": "Perkins" } ], "abstractNote": "It has been argued that crowd-sourcing offers a radical alternative to conventional ways of mapping, challenging the hegemony of official and commercial cartographies. In this view mapping might begin to offer a forum for different voices, mapping different things, enabling new ways of living. Instead of the Latourian notion of the map as immutable mobile, fixing knowledge and bodies and facilitating governance, the wikification of mapping might facilitate a more mutable politics. This paper focuses on these possibilities by examining OpenStreetMap (OSM), arguably the most significant and emancipatory of neo-geographic assemblages. While not underplaying the importance of a political economic understanding of the Geoweb, it suggests we need to attend more to the contexts through which emergent knowledge communities enact alternatives, and that notions of practice are central in any evaluation of changing politics of representation. Communities involved in OSM contest the geographies that they call into being, and this process can be narrated through a consideration of local action, in different map spaces and places. A processual view of mapping reveals the extent of mutability of OSM, and highlights many of the tensions evident in collaborative remapping. New ways of mapping reciprocally create and reinforce newly expert knowledge communities that may be emancipatory, but that may also reify power relations. Crowd-sourced mapping is likely to comprise a hybrid of mutable and immutable elements.", "publicationTitle": "Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "April 1, 2014", "volume": "39", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "304-317", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers", "DOI": "10.1111/tran.12022", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://rgs-ibg.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/tran.12022", "accessDate": "2019-01-02T16:45:59Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0020-2754", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Plotting practices and politics", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "rgs-ibg.onlinelibrary.wiley.com (Atypon)", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "openstreetmap" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2019-03-05T15:39:04Z", "dateModified": "2019-03-05T15:39:04Z" } }, { "key": "XY7VBLFU", "version": 121, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 330965, "name": "Data Activism", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/data_activism", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/330965/items/XY7VBLFU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/data_activism/items/XY7VBLFU", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/330965/items/NBB978VT", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 30496, "username": "jwyg", "name": "Jonathan W. 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Y. Gray", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jwyg", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "3YVJJASX", "version": 119, "parentItem": "NBB978VT", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2015-04-08T18:51:29Z", "url": "http://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/1/2/146", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "146.html", "md5": "febbfc17853527a05d5aa775292b6154", "mtime": 1551800315000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2019-03-05T15:38:35Z", "dateModified": "2019-03-05T15:38:35Z" } }, { "key": "NBB978VT", "version": 117, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 330965, "name": "Data Activism", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/data_activism", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/330965/items/NBB978VT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/data_activism/items/NBB978VT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 30496, "username": "jwyg", "name": "Jonathan W. Y. Gray", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jwyg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Neis and Zipf", "parsedDate": "2012-07-27", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "NBB978VT", "version": 117, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Analyzing the Contributor Activity of a Volunteered Geographic Information Project — The Case of OpenStreetMap", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Pascal", "lastName": "Neis" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alexander", "lastName": "Zipf" } ], "abstractNote": "The OpenStreetMap (OSM) project, founded in 2004, has gathered an exceptional amount of interest in recent years and counts as one of the most impressive sources of Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) on the Internet. In total, more than half a million members had registered for the project by the end of 2011. However, while this number of contributors seems impressive, questions remain about the individual contributions that have been made by the project members. This research article contains several studies regarding the contributions by the community of the project. The results show that only 38% (192,000) of the registered members carried out at least one edit in the OSM database and that only 5% (24,000) of all members actively contributed to the project in a more productive way. The majority of the members are located in Europe (72%) and each member has an activity area whose size may range from one soccer field up to more than 50 km2. In addition to several more analyses conducted for this article, predictions will be made about how this newly acquired knowledge can be used for future research.", "publicationTitle": "ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2012-07-27", "volume": "1", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "146-165", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.3390/ijgi1020146", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/1/2/146", "accessDate": "2015-04-08T18:51:06Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.mdpi.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "openstreetmap" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2019-03-05T15:38:35Z", "dateModified": "2019-03-05T15:38:35Z" } }, { "key": "5AMYC6G3", "version": 118, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 330965, "name": "Data Activism", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/data_activism", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/330965/items/5AMYC6G3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/data_activism/items/5AMYC6G3", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/330965/items/4J3L7VZF", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 30496, "username": "jwyg", "name": "Jonathan W. 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Y. Gray", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jwyg", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "LENQBPUK", "version": 122, "parentItem": "4J3L7VZF", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2015-04-08T14:49:15Z", "url": "http://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/4/1/1/htm", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "htm.html", "md5": "615d036556e85b78e447caed28abd1e9", "mtime": 1551800304000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2019-03-05T15:38:23Z", "dateModified": "2019-03-05T15:38:23Z" } }, { "key": "4J3L7VZF", "version": 117, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 330965, "name": "Data Activism", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/data_activism", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/330965/items/4J3L7VZF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/data_activism/items/4J3L7VZF", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 30496, "username": "jwyg", "name": "Jonathan W. Y. Gray", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jwyg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Neis et al.", "parsedDate": "2011-12-29", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "4J3L7VZF", "version": 117, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Street Network Evolution of Crowdsourced Maps: OpenStreetMap in Germany 2007–2011", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Pascal", "lastName": "Neis" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dennis", "lastName": "Zielstra" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alexander", "lastName": "Zipf" } ], "abstractNote": "The OpenStreetMap (OSM) project is a prime example in the field of Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI). Worldwide, several hundred thousand people are currently contributing information to the “free” geodatabase. However, the data contributions show a geographically heterogeneous pattern around the globe. Germany counts as one of the most active countries in OSM; thus, the German street network has undergone an extensive development in recent years. The question that remains is this: How does the street network perform in a relative comparison with a commercial dataset? By means of a variety of studies, we show that the difference between the OSM street network for car navigation in Germany and a comparable proprietary dataset was only 9% in June 2011. The results of our analysis regarding the entire street network showed that OSM even exceeds the information provided by the proprietary dataset by 27%. Further analyses show on what scale errors can be reckoned with in the topology of the street network, and the completeness of turn restrictions and street name information. In addition to the analyses conducted over the past few years, projections have additionally been made about the point in time by which the OSM dataset for Germany can be considered “complete” in relative comparison to a commercial dataset.", "publicationTitle": "Future Internet", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2011-12-29", "volume": "4", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1-21", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.3390/fi4010001", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/4/1/1", "accessDate": "2015-04-08T14:49:12Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The Street Network Evolution of Crowdsourced Maps", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.mdpi.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "openstreetmap" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2019-03-05T15:38:23Z", "dateModified": "2019-03-05T15:38:23Z" } }, { "key": "22QCTGIF", "version": 114, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 330965, "name": "Data Activism", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/data_activism", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/330965/items/22QCTGIF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/data_activism/items/22QCTGIF", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/330965/items/G23ZL48S", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 30496, "username": "jwyg", "name": "Jonathan W. 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Y. Gray", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jwyg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Foody et al.", "parsedDate": "2017-09-11", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "G23ZL48S", "version": 112, "itemType": "book", "title": "Mapping and the Citizen Sensor", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Giles", "lastName": "Foody" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Linda", "lastName": "See" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Steffen", "lastName": "Fritz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Peter", "lastName": "Mooney" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ana-Maria", "lastName": "Olteanu-Raimond" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Cidália Costa", "lastName": "Fonte" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Vyron", "lastName": "Antoniou" } ], "abstractNote": "

Maps are a fundamental resource in a diverse array of applications ranging from everyday activities, such as route planning through the legal demarcation of space to scientific studies, such as those seeking to understand biodiversity and inform the design of nature reserves for species conservation. For a map to have value, it should provide an accurate and timely representation of the phenomenon depicted and this can be a challenge in a dynamic world. Fortunately, mapping activities have benefitted greatly from recent advances in geoinformation technologies. Satellite remote sensing, for example, now offers unparalleled data acquisition and authoritative mapping agencies have developed systems for the routine production of maps in accordance with strict standards. Until recently, much mapping activity was in the exclusive realm of authoritative agencies but technological development has also allowed the rise of the amateur mapping community. The proliferation of inexpensive and highly mobile and location aware devices together with Web 2.0 technology have fostered the emergence of the citizen as a source of data. Mapping presently benefits from vast amounts of spatial data as well as people able to provide observations of geographic phenomena, which can inform map production, revision and evaluation. The great potential of these developments is, however, often limited by concerns. The latter span issues from the nature of the citizens through the way data are collected and shared to the quality and trustworthiness of the data. This book reports on some of the key issues connected with the use of citizen sensors in mapping. It arises from a European Co-operation in Science and Technology (COST) Action, which explored issues linked to topics ranging from citizen motivation, data acquisition, data quality and the use of citizen derived data in the production of maps that rival, and sometimes surpass, maps arising from authoritative agencies.

", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2017-09-11", "publisher": "Ubiquity Press", "place": "London", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "", "ISBN": "978-1-911529-18-7 978-1-911529-16-3 978-1-911529-19-4 978-1-911529-17-0", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://doi.org/10.5334/bbf", "accessDate": "2019-01-02T15:47:58Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.ubiquitypress.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "openstreetmap" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2019-03-05T15:37:17Z", "dateModified": "2019-03-05T15:37:17Z" } }, { "key": "VRNIGL7G", "version": 112, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 330965, "name": "Data Activism", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/data_activism", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/330965/items/VRNIGL7G", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/data_activism/items/VRNIGL7G", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/330965/items/X8RVF9TD", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 30496, "username": "jwyg", "name": "Jonathan W. 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Y. Gray", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jwyg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Coast", "parsedDate": "2015", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "X8RVF9TD", "version": 112, "itemType": "book", "title": "The Book of OSM", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Steve", "lastName": "Coast" } ], "abstractNote": "OpenStreetMap is the free and open wiki map of the world made by millions of volunteers whoíre just like you. Contributors use paper, pens, GPS devices, phones and laptops to capture the world around them (like a street name and location) and then upload it to OSM. The map data is then given away for free, all just like wikipedia.This book contains 15 interviews conducted by OSM founder Steve Coast with the people who were there as the project began and grew. Starting in 2004, the interviews trace how a rag tag collection of volunteers was able to produce a map which compares in quality to maps produced by multi-billion dollar corporations.Learn how such an ambitious project got started and then succeeded at mapping the world, for free!", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2015", "publisher": "CreateSpace", "place": "Scotts Valley, California", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "292", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "Amazon", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "openstreetmap" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2019-03-05T15:37:09Z", "dateModified": "2019-03-05T15:37:09Z" } }, { "key": "IFJ5AFM7", "version": 112, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 330965, "name": "Data Activism", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/data_activism", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/330965/items/IFJ5AFM7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/data_activism/items/IFJ5AFM7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 30496, "username": "jwyg", "name": "Jonathan W. Y. Gray", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jwyg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Budhathoki and Haythornthwaite", "parsedDate": "2013-05-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "IFJ5AFM7", "version": 112, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Motivation for Open Collaboration: Crowd and Community Models and the Case of OpenStreetMap", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nama R.", "lastName": "Budhathoki" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Caroline", "lastName": "Haythornthwaite" } ], "abstractNote": "This article presents an examination of motivational factors relating to contribution to the wiki OpenStreetMap, a site for voluntary geographic information. Based on a wide literature review of motivation, open source, volunteerism, and serious leisure, a questionnaire was created and completed by 444 OpenStreetMap contributors. Results of judgments of the motivational importance of 39 reasons for contribution are presented and considered in relation to models of contributory behavior for crowd- and community-based online collaborations. Positive and important motivators were found that accorded with ideas of the “personal but shared need” associated with contribution to open-source projects, co-orientation to open-source and geographic knowledge, and attention to participation in and by the community. Differences in motivation between serious and casual mappers showed that serious mappers were more oriented to community, learning, local knowledge, and career motivations (although the latter motivation is low in general), and casual mappers were more oriented to general principles of free availability of mapping data.", "publicationTitle": "American Behavioral Scientist", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 1, 2013", "volume": "57", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "548-575", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "American Behavioral Scientist", "DOI": "10.1177/0002764212469364", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764212469364", "accessDate": "2019-01-02T16:19:19Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0002-7642", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Motivation for Open Collaboration", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "SAGE Journals", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "openstreetmap" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2019-03-05T15:37:00Z", "dateModified": "2019-03-05T15:37:00Z" } }, { "key": "2UG46H3Q", "version": 112, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 330965, "name": "Data Activism", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/data_activism", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/330965/items/2UG46H3Q", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/data_activism/items/2UG46H3Q", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 30496, "username": "jwyg", "name": "Jonathan W. Y. Gray", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jwyg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Plennert", "parsedDate": "2018-07-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "2UG46H3Q", "version": 112, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Social Construction of Technological Stasis: The Stagnating Data Structure in Openstreetmap", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Matthias", "lastName": "Plennert" } ], "abstractNote": "The article aims for examining the ‘technological stasis’ of the data structure in OpenStreetMap – the successful global collaborative geodata project devoted to ‘create and distribute free geographic data for the world’. Digital structures are strongly influenced by continuing stagnation. This technological stasis – the lack of change in technology – influences data in various ways, as demonstrated by the intensive discussion of the issue by computer scientists and software engineers. However, existing research describing stagnating software is often technic centred and fuzzy, while critical research is barely considering issues of technological stasis in the digital context at all. Therefore, this paper aims for enriching this body of knowledge in order to shed light on aging data structures. I reframe technological stasis with a social-constructivist perspective – using the approach of Social Construction of Technology – especially with the concept of technological frames. Based on the case example of OpenStreetMap, my findings suggest that the data structure – and its stasis – is the outcome of competing understandings and perspectives, shaped by power asymmetries. Although the data structure did not significantly change for more than 10 years, I demonstrate that this is not because of a lack of motivation, nor technological difficulties of carrying out such changes. The technological stasis is rather rooted in the dominant position of few project members who are able to change the software design; it is their perception of the project that defines how data should be stored and what features are dispensable.", "publicationTitle": "Big Data & Society", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "July 1, 2018", "volume": "5", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "2053951718790591", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Big Data & Society", "DOI": "10.1177/2053951718790591", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951718790591", "accessDate": "2019-01-02T15:52:19Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "2053-9517", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The social construction of technological stasis", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "SAGE Journals", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "openstreetmap" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2019-03-05T15:36:47Z", "dateModified": "2019-03-05T15:36:47Z" } }, { "key": "XD3DAK2F", "version": 116, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 330965, "name": "Data Activism", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/data_activism", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/330965/items/XD3DAK2F", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/data_activism/items/XD3DAK2F", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/330965/items/SBU9EGUV", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 30496, "username": "jwyg", "name": "Jonathan W. 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Y. Gray", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jwyg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lin", "parsedDate": "2015", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "CATJRGSJ", "version": 112, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Revealing the making of OpenStreetMap: A limited account", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Wen", "lastName": "Lin" } ], "abstractNote": "OpenStreetMap (OSM), an open source mapping platform aiming to provide a free world map by registered users, has often been recognized as one of the prime examples of volunteered geographic information (VGI) construction. This is reflective of the recent exponential growth of user-generated geographic data facilitated by Web 2.0 technologies and location-aware devices. Notable efforts have been taken to investigate OSM developments and associated socio-political implications. However, still little is known about those less active contributors who constitute the majority of the contributors or long tail contributors in OSM and many other VGI initiatives. I therefore present an account of the dynamics of OSM mapping practices including these long tail contributors. Based on this investigation, I argue for a broader conceptualization of “interactivity” in VGI mappings, one that moves beyond a narrow focus on the mapping interface regarding the encounters between these VGI contributors and VGI initiatives. I suggest that this is helpful to better capture these dynamic and heterogeneous mapping practices constituting the data and representation in OSM, which in turn may have wider implications for everyday mapping and knowledge production.", "publicationTitle": "The Canadian Geographer / Le Géographe canadien", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2015", "volume": "59", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "69-81", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1111/cag.12137", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/cag.12137", "accessDate": "2019-01-02T16:44:22Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1541-0064", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Revealing the making of OpenStreetMap", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "© 2014 Canadian Association of Geographers / L' Association canadienne des géographes", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "openstreetmap" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2019-03-05T15:36:37Z", "dateModified": "2019-03-05T15:36:37Z" } }, { "key": "SBU9EGUV", "version": 112, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 330965, "name": "Data Activism", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/data_activism", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/330965/items/SBU9EGUV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/data_activism/items/SBU9EGUV", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 30496, "username": "jwyg", "name": "Jonathan W. Y. Gray", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jwyg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lin", "parsedDate": "2011-04-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "SBU9EGUV", "version": 112, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A qualitative enquiry into OpenStreetMap making", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Yu-Wei", "lastName": "Lin" } ], "abstractNote": "Based on a case study on the OpenStreetMap community, this paper provides a contextual and embodied understanding of the user-led, user-participatory and user-generated produsage phenomenon. It employs Grounded Theory, Social Worlds Theory, and qualitative methods to illuminate and explores the produsage processes of OpenStreetMap making, and how knowledge artefacts such as maps can be collectively and collaboratively produced by a community of people, who are situated in different places around the world but engaged with the same repertoire of mapping practices. The empirical data illustrate that OpenStreetMap itself acts as a boundary object that enables actors from different social worlds to co-produce the Map through interacting with each other and negotiating the meanings of mapping, the mapping data and the Map itself. The discourses also show that unlike traditional maps that black-box cartographic knowledge and offer a single dominant perspective of cities or places, OpenStreetMap is an embodied epistemic object that embraces different world views. The paper also explores how contributors build their identities as an OpenStreetMaper alongside some other identities they have. Understanding the identity-building process helps to understand mapping as an embodied activity with emotional, cognitive and social repertoires.", "publicationTitle": "New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "April 1, 2011", "volume": "17", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "53-71", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1080/13614568.2011.552647", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/13614568.2011.552647", "accessDate": "2019-01-02T16:33:10Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1361-4568", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Taylor and Francis+NEJM", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "openstreetmap" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2019-03-05T15:36:37Z", "dateModified": "2019-03-05T15:36:37Z" } }, { "key": "WDBCV4FN", "version": 112, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 330965, "name": "Data Activism", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/data_activism", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/330965/items/WDBCV4FN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/data_activism/items/WDBCV4FN", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 30496, "username": "jwyg", "name": "Jonathan W. Y. Gray", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jwyg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lin", "parsedDate": "2018-02-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "WDBCV4FN", "version": 112, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Volunteered Geographic Information constructions in a contested terrain: A case of OpenStreetMap in China", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Wen", "lastName": "Lin" } ], "abstractNote": "The recent explosive growth of user-generated geographic information has drawn significant attention from GIS scholars and human geographers. Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) here refers to a key component of such a phenomenon, comprising both a range of practices of geographic information production and dissemination by volunteers as well as new forms of geospatial data produced and curated through various interactive online platforms and mobile devices such as OpenStreetMap (OSM) and Google Maps. VGI constructions have raised questions on spatial knowledge, power, and context. Through a study that examines social constructions of OSM in China, this paper makes two contributions to the existing literature: providing a political economic account of VGI constructions in China and exploring legalities in VGI research. Informed by research in critical GIS, this paper traces political economic transitions in relation to OSM constructions and examines OSM contributors' experiences and how these experiences constitute OSM development and usage. Drawing upon law and society research, this paper investigates how OSM mappers encounter the state's regulatory scheme of online mapping. This legality perspective of spatial data production and usage is a topic rarely explored in VGI studies. With interview data and document analysis, this paper unravels processes of powerful state institutional arrangements to control and invest in VGI simultaneously, entrepreneurs' interest in developing location-based services using VGI data, and experiences from a tech-savvy group in exploring and making VGI. While individual experiences vary, they show efforts of questioning embedded power relations shaping spatial data production in these continuously evolving, contested technoscientific and social landscapes.", "publicationTitle": "Geoforum", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "February 1, 2018", "volume": "89", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "73-82", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Geoforum", "DOI": "10.1016/j.geoforum.2018.01.005", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016718518300058", "accessDate": "2019-01-02T16:35:46Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0016-7185", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Volunteered Geographic Information constructions in a contested terrain", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "openstreetmap" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2019-03-05T15:36:37Z", "dateModified": "2019-03-05T15:36:37Z" } }, { "key": "XNK3AUWB", "version": 112, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 330965, "name": "Data Activism", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/data_activism", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/330965/items/XNK3AUWB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/data_activism/items/XNK3AUWB", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 30496, "username": "jwyg", "name": "Jonathan W. Y. Gray", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jwyg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Givoni", "parsedDate": "2016-12-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "XNK3AUWB", "version": 112, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Between Micro Mappers and Missing Maps: Digital Humanitarianism and the Politics of Material Participation in Disaster Response", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michal", "lastName": "Givoni" } ], "abstractNote": "Crisis mapping is a new modality of participatory humanitarian action in which global publics are mobilized to trace digital maps of disaster-stricken sites and to classify, verify, and plot on maps Big Data produced by disaster-affected people. This article untangles the political rationalities behind this emergent form of digital humanitarianism by looking at two platforms that shape the self-organizing crowds in which crisis mapping is grounded: MicroMappers, a microtasking platform for processing messages from disaster zones, and the Missing Maps Project, which traces maps of disaster-prone areas in poor countries. While looking at the increasingly prominent interplay between device-based participation and technologies of advanced liberal governance in humanitarianism, I make two interrelated claims. First, I argue that ICTs do not promote the democratization of disaster response as much as they put at its disposal new tools for establishing order and security in crisis zones by facilitating the transfer of responsibility to humanitarian crowds. Second, I claim that the emergence of the crowd as a new humanitarian actor that serves the dual and potentially incommensurate purposes of resilience and witnessing perpetuates the ambiguities of a humanitarian endeavor whose inherent tensions had grown deeper since it gained its current political prominence.", "publicationTitle": "Environment and Planning D: Society and Space", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "December 1, 2016", "volume": "34", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1025-1043", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Environ Plan D", "DOI": "10.1177/0263775816652899", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0263775816652899", "accessDate": "2019-01-02T16:40:33Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0263-7758", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Between micro mappers and missing maps", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "SAGE Journals", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "dataworlds" }, { "tag": "openstreetmap" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2019-03-05T15:36:00Z", "dateModified": "2019-03-05T15:36:00Z" } }, { "key": "C2YQSUXY", "version": 110, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 330965, "name": "Data Activism", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/data_activism", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/330965/items/C2YQSUXY", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/data_activism/items/C2YQSUXY", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/330965/items/Q9HRS92S", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 30496, "username": "jwyg", "name": "Jonathan W. 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