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Three important components of user experience are visual appeal, trust, and efficiency. This study extends past research by examining the effect of images of faces on the visual appeal, efficiency, and trustworthiness of a page. Data is collected using both subjective ratings and objective measurements, including eye tracking. Analysis indicates that users find a page that has images of people's faces more appealing than a page that has no images of faces and perform tasks more quickly when there are faces present. Additionally, analysis reveals a strong positive correlation between trusting the informational content of a page and its visual appeal. This research has important implications for theory and practical applications.", "proceedingsTitle": "2010 43rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS)", "conferenceName": "2010 43rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS)", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "January 2010", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "1-10", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "10.1109/HICSS.2010.171", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Efficiency, Trust, and Visual Appeal", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "IEEE Xplore", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Face", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Human computer interaction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Image analysis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Investments", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Particle measurements", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Performance analysis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "System testing", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Usability", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Volume measurement", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Web page", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Web pages", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Web sites", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "computer graphics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "efficiency", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "eye tracking", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "informational content", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "subjective ratings", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "trust", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "usability testing", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "visual appeal", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "MX4JUI4D" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-21T18:17:58Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-21T18:17:58Z" } }, { "key": "TQK3RXRQ", "version": 4, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 330325, "name": "TAIS2Usability", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/tais2usability", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/330325/items/TQK3RXRQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/tais2usability/items/TQK3RXRQ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2022513, "username": "jmflorezf", "name": "Juan Manuel Florez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jmflorezf", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "López-Gil et al.", "parsedDate": "2010-07-07", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "TQK3RXRQ", "version": 4, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Análisis de la arquitectura de webs mediante tests de estrés de navegación, de usabilidad y eye tracking. (Spanish)", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Juan-Miguel", "lastName": "López-Gil" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Carolina", "lastName": "Navarro-Molina" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Roberto", "lastName": "García" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rafael", "lastName": "Aleixandre-Benavent" } ], "abstractNote": "Evaluating the Information Architecture in an already deployed website is not an easy task. Most evaluation techniques are focused on examining system usability, but this is not the only factor that influences IA. The main technique that deals with IA in already deployed web environments is the Navigation Stress Test (NST). A new methodology makes this technique more informative by taking NST beyond simple notation on paper. This work proposes the use of NST combined with other usability testing techniques such as Thinking Aloud and a usability questionnaire. Eye tracking also has been used to supplement the information obtained from applied techniques. This new methodology has been tested by analyzing a series of websites belonging to Spanish public university libraries. The results of this study show the validity of the approach used, as well as the value that this approach and the use of Eye tracking bring to the analysis of IA compared to traditional NST. (English)", "publicationTitle": "Analysis of web-based information architecture using a combination of navigation stress test, usability testing and eye tracking. (English)", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2010/07//jul/ago2010", "volume": "19", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "359-367", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "El Profesional de la Información", "DOI": "10.3145/epi.2010.jul.04", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://ezproxy.unal.edu.co/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=61263206&lang=es&site=eds-live", "accessDate": "2015-02-21T17:49:09Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "13866710", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Arquitectura de la información", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "EYE -- Examination", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Evaluación", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Evaluation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Eye tracker", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Eyetracker", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "INFORMATION architecture", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "INFORMATION retrieval", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Navigation stress test", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Pruebas con usuarios", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "SPAIN", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "STRESS relaxation tests", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Test de estrés de navegación", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Test de usabilidad", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Thinking aloud", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Usability tests", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "User tests", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "WEB development", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "eye tracking", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "MX4JUI4D" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-21T17:49:09Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-21T17:49:09Z" } }, { "key": "IU5P8NU6", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 330325, "name": "TAIS2Usability", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/tais2usability", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/330325/items/IU5P8NU6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/tais2usability/items/IU5P8NU6", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/330325/items/SFXHZ9VW", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2022513, "username": "jmflorezf", "name": "Juan Manuel Florez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jmflorezf", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "IU5P8NU6", "version": 3, "parentItem": "SFXHZ9VW", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "IEEE Xplore Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2015-02-21T17:10:38Z", "url": "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.ezproxy.unal.edu.co/ielx5/47/6276341/06264071.pdf?tp=&arnumber=6264071&isnumber=6276341", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Elling et al. - 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However, there is still debate about the validity of the method, partly focusing on the usefulness and exhaustiveness of participants' verbalizations. The rise of eye-tracking technology sheds new light on this discussion, as participants' working processes can now be observed in more detail. Research questions: (1) What kinds of verbalizations do participants produce, and how do they relate to the information that can be directly observed using eye tracking? (2) What do eye movements reveal about cognitive processes at times when participants stop verbalizing? Literature review: Our study replicates an earlier study by Cooke (2010), who used a combination of CTA protocols and eye tracking in a small sample with experienced and highly educated participants to investigate the validity of CTA. Cooke's results suggest that the additional value of participants' verbalizations is limited: at least 77% of the verbalizations referred to things that could be easily observed with eye tracking. Methodology: We conducted a study in which 60 participants with different characteristics performed tasks on informational websites. During their task performance, they verbalized their thoughts, and simultaneously their eye movements were measured. The resulting think-aloud protocols were divided in verbalization units, which were coded into content types. Silences were registered, and eye movements during these silences were analyzed. Results and discussion: We found a different distribution of verbalization types than Cooke (2010) reported, with far more verbalizations where participants formulated doubts, judgments on the website, or expressions of frustration. In our study, verbalizations provided a substantial contribution in addition to the directly observable user problems. We measured a rather high percentage of silences (27%), during which participants most o- ten were scanning pages for information. During these silences, interesting observations could be made about users' processes and obstacles on the website. The implication of our study is that we now have a better understanding of the types of verbalizations that a CTA evaluation might generate. Further, we know that relevant usability observations can be made during silences. A limitation is that we do not know yet the influence of specific characteristics of the evaluation setting on the types of verbalizations and silences. Future research should focus on the influence of evaluation settings on the outcomes of an evaluation, in particular, the influence of characteristics of the participants who are involved in the study.", "publicationTitle": "IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Sept 2012", "volume": "55", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "206-220", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1109/TPC.2012.2206190", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0361-1434", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Combining Concurrent Think-Aloud Protocols and Eye-Tracking Observations", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "IEEE Xplore", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Accuracy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Atmospheric measurements", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "CTA protocol", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Concurrent think-aloud (CTA) protocols", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Education", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Particle measurements", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Protocols", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Tracking", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Usability", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Web sites", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cognitive process", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "concurrent think-aloud protocol", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "eye movement", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "eye tracking", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "eye-tracking observation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "eye-tracking technology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "informational Web sites", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "psychology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "website evaluation", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "MX4JUI4D" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-21T17:12:01Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-21T17:12:01Z" } } ]