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They require that citizens leave the places they normally inhabit physically or virtually and commit to a separate space and set of processes. Town hall meetings are still a key point of engagement, occurring during specific times and in specific places. Online forums function similarly, in that deliberation occurs within profile-based websites for which you need to sign up and regularly return. This paper responds to the design challenge and research question: How do you address barriers to “minimum effective engagement” in community projects, and ensure that all citizens can have their voice heard on how to improve their local communities?In order to raise levels of participation in community projects and expand the range of voices heard in governmental decision-making, there is a need for civic technology that is lightweight and compelling enough to enjoy continued use and to promote civic learning. In this paper, I develop a theoretical basis for effective citizenship through crowdsourcing monitorial activity by finding connections between several theories of citizenship and learning, which point to this activity fostering civic learning through reflective political practice.Using a needs assessment of Boston-area municipalities, I reinforce my argument and concretize a set of design goals for a new socio-technical system to foster local civic learning and engagement around issues like urban planning. In the end, I respond to the research challenge and design goals by introducing a prototype for a location-based survey platform for Android smartphones called Action Path, and discuss early-stage user feedback and future work.", "proceedingsTitle": "Internet, Politics, and Policy 2014: Crowdsourcing for Politics and Policy", "conferenceName": "", "publisher": "", "place": "Oxford Internet Institute, Oxford, UK", "date": "2014/09/26", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2524967", "accessDate": "2015-02-15T18:53:58Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Crowdsourcing as Reflective Political Practice", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "papers.ssrn.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "center for civic media", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "civic engagement", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "civic learning", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "civic media", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "crowdsourcing", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "mobile design", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "urban planning", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-15T18:53:58Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-16T05:46:02Z" } }, { "key": "484PKW8J", "version": 108, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 329064, "name": "Civic Drones", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/civic_drones", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/329064/items/484PKW8J", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/civic_drones/items/484PKW8J", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 782288, "username": "natematias", "name": "J. 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This month’s session of iHub’s Nairobi Research Buzz (#NRBuzz) will focus on the potential use of drones to autonomou...", "websiteTitle": "iHub Research", "websiteType": "", "date": "August 21, 2014", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://community.ihub.co.ke/blogs/20184", "accessDate": "2015-02-15T20:59:43Z", "shortTitle": "NRBUZZ", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-15T20:59:43Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-16T05:40:00Z" } }, { "key": "6487BPIA", "version": 105, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 329064, "name": "Civic Drones", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/civic_drones", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/329064/items/6487BPIA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/civic_drones/items/6487BPIA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 782288, "username": "natematias", "name": "J. 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In this major contribution to the debate over the role gender plays in the scientific enterprise, Sandra Harding pursues that question, challenging the intellectual and social foundations of scientific thought.Harding provides the first comprehensive and critical survey of the feminist science critiques, and examines inquiries into the androcentricism that has endured since the birth of modern science. Harding critiques three epistemological approaches: feminist empiricism, which identifies only bad science as the problem; the feminist standpoint, which holds that women's social experience provides a unique starting point for discovering masculine bias in science; and feminist postmodernism, which disputes the most basic scientific assumptions. She points out the tensions among these stances and the inadequate concepts that inform their analyses, yet maintains that the critical discourse they foster is vital to the quest for a science informed by emancipatory morals and politics.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "1 edition", "date": "June 12, 1986", "publisher": "Cornell University Press", "place": "Ithaca, NY", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "296", "ISBN": "9780801493638", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "Amazon.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-15T16:33:04Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-16T05:38:41Z" } }, { "key": "Z42BPB7S", "version": 104, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 329064, "name": "Civic Drones", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/civic_drones", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/329064/items/Z42BPB7S", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/civic_drones/items/Z42BPB7S", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 782288, "username": "natematias", "name": "J. 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Engage. | Journalism training, media news & how to's", "blogTitle": "Poynter MediaWire", "websiteType": "", "date": "1/6/2014", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.poynter.org/news/mediawire/235239/faa-on-drone-recordings-by-journalists-there-is-no-gray-area/", "accessDate": "2015-02-15T21:01:51Z", "ISSN": "", "shortTitle": "FAA on drone recordings by journalists", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-15T21:01:51Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-16T05:36:47Z" } }, { "key": "92854ZQE", "version": 101, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 329064, "name": "Civic Drones", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/civic_drones", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/329064/items/92854ZQE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/civic_drones/items/92854ZQE", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 56939, "username": "erhardt", "name": "Erhardt Graeff", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/erhardt", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Schudson", "parsedDate": "1998", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "92854ZQE", "version": 101, "itemType": "book", "title": "The Good Citizen: A History of American Civic Life", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michael", "lastName": "Schudson" } ], "abstractNote": "In 1996 less than half of all eligible voters even bothered to vote. Fewer citizens each year follow government and public affairs regularly or even think they should. Is popular sovereignty a failure? Not necessarily, argues Michael Schudson in this provocative and unprecedented history of citizenship in America. Measuring voter turnout or attitudes is a poor approximation of citizenship. The meaning of voting - and what counts as politics - has changed dramatically over the course of our history. Today, political participation takes place in schools, at home, at work, and in the courts. We have made \"informed citizenship\" an overwhelming task. Schudson argues that it is time for a new model, in which we stop expecting everyone to do everything. The new citizenship must rest on citizens who are monitors of political danger rather than walking encyclopedias of governmental news. 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