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"rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "D8BISN8Q" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-15T12:48:24Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-15T12:48:24Z" } }, { "key": "N4EV9M8S", "version": 4428, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 32739, "name": "PhEMI", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/phemi", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/32739/items/N4EV9M8S", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/phemi/items/N4EV9M8S", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 441641, "username": "Marie-Anne Vibet", "name": "Marie-Anne Vibet", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/marie-anne_vibet", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Low", "parsedDate": "2008", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "N4EV9M8S", "version": 4428, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Reducing antibiotic use in influenza: challenges and rewards", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Low" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Clinical Microbiology and Infection", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2008", "volume": "14", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "298-306", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Clinical Microbiology and Infection", "DOI": "10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01910.x", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01910.x", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1469-0691", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Antibiotic use" }, { "tag": "Influenza" }, { "tag": "neuraminidase inhibitors" }, { "tag": "resistance" }, { "tag": "respiratory tract infection" }, { "tag": "review" } ], "collections": [ "D8BISN8Q" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-15T12:48:24Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-15T12:48:24Z" } }, { "key": "WEQUQ8WT", "version": 4428, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 32739, "name": "PhEMI", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/phemi", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/32739/items/WEQUQ8WT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/phemi/items/WEQUQ8WT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 441641, "username": "Marie-Anne Vibet", "name": "Marie-Anne Vibet", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/marie-anne_vibet", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Meier et al.", "parsedDate": "2000", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "WEQUQ8WT", "version": 4428, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Population-Based Study on Incidence, Risk Factors, Clinical Complications and Drug Utilisation Associated with Influenza in the United Kingdom", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C. R.", "lastName": "Meier" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P. N.", "lastName": "Napalkov" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Y.", "lastName": "Wegmüller" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T.", "lastName": "Jefferson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H.", "lastName": "Jick" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "décembre 1, 2000", "volume": "19", "issue": "11", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "834-842", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "EJCMID", "DOI": "10.1007/s100960000376", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100960000376", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0934-9723", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "D8BISN8Q" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-15T12:48:24Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-15T12:48:24Z" } }, { "key": "GAI2K9SP", "version": 4428, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 32739, "name": "PhEMI", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/phemi", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/32739/items/GAI2K9SP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/phemi/items/GAI2K9SP", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 441641, "username": "Marie-Anne Vibet", "name": "Marie-Anne Vibet", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/marie-anne_vibet", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Carrat et al.", "parsedDate": "2004", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "GAI2K9SP", "version": 4428, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Antibiotic Treatment for Influenza does not Affect Resolution of Illness, Secondary Visits or Lost Workdays", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Fabrice", "lastName": "Carrat" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michael", "lastName": "Schwarzinger" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bruno", "lastName": "Housset" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alain-Jacques", "lastName": "Valleron" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "European Journal of Epidemiology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "juillet 1, 2004", "volume": "19", "issue": "7", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "703-705", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Eur J Epidemiol", "DOI": "10.1023/B:EJEP.0000036807.40105.97", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B%3AEJEP.0000036807.40105.97", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0393-2990", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Clinical outcome" }, { "tag": "Influenza" }, { "tag": "Prospective study" }, { "tag": "antibiotics" } ], "collections": [ "D8BISN8Q" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-15T12:48:24Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-15T12:48:24Z" } }, { "key": "GXRDDWVS", "version": 4428, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 32739, "name": "PhEMI", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/phemi", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/32739/items/GXRDDWVS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/phemi/items/GXRDDWVS", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 441641, "username": "Marie-Anne Vibet", "name": "Marie-Anne Vibet", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/marie-anne_vibet", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ciesla et al.", "parsedDate": "2004-11", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "GXRDDWVS", "version": 4428, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Antibiotic prescribing rates in the US ambulatory care setting for patients diagnosed with influenza, 1997–2001", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gabrielle", "lastName": "Ciesla" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Shelah", "lastName": "Leader" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jeffrey", "lastName": "Stoddard" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Respiratory Medicine", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "novembre 2004", "volume": "98", "issue": "11", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1093-1101", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Respiratory Medicine", "DOI": "10.1016/j.rmed.2004.03.021", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0954611104001507", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0954-6111", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Cost" }, { "tag": "Influenza" }, { "tag": "antibiotics" } ], "collections": [ "D8BISN8Q" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-15T12:48:24Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-15T12:48:24Z" } }, { "key": "EKCMTKN2", "version": 4428, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 32739, "name": "PhEMI", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/phemi", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/32739/items/EKCMTKN2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/phemi/items/EKCMTKN2", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 441641, "username": "Marie-Anne Vibet", "name": "Marie-Anne Vibet", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/marie-anne_vibet", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Nyquist A", "parsedDate": "1998-03-18", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "EKCMTKN2", "version": 4428, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "ANtibiotic prescribing for children with colds, upper respiratory tract infections, and bronchitis", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gonzales R", "lastName": "Nyquist A" } ], "abstractNote": "Context.—  \n The spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is associated with antibiotic \nuse. Children receive a significant proportion of the antibiotics prescribed \neach year and represent an important target group for efforts aimed at reducing \nunnecessary antibiotic use.Objective.—  \n To evaluate antibiotic-prescribing practices for children younger than \n18 years who had received a diagnosis of cold, upper respiratory tract infection \n(URI), or bronchitis in the United States.Design.—  \n Representative national survey of practicing physicians participating \nin the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey conducted in 1992 with a response \nrate of 73%.Setting.—  \n Office-based physician practices.Participants.—  \n Physicians completing patient record forms for patients younger than \n18 years.Main Outcome Measures.—  \n Principal diagnoses and antibiotic prescriptions.Results.—  \n A total of 531 pediatric office visits were recorded that included a \nprincipal diagnosis of cold, URI, or bronchitis. Antibiotics were prescribed \nto 44% of patients with common colds, 46% with URIs, and 75% with bronchitis. \nExtrapolating to the United States, 6.5 million prescriptions (12% of all \nprescriptions for children) were written for children diagnosed as having \na URI or nasopharyngitis (common cold), and 4.7 million (9% of all prescriptions \nfor children) were written for children diagnosed as having bronchitis. After \ncontrolling for confounding factors, antibiotics were prescribed more often \nfor children aged 5 to 11 years than for younger children (odds ratio [OR], \n1.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-3.33) and rates were lower for pediatricians \nthan for nonpediatricians (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.35-0.92). Children aged 0 to \n4 years received 53% of all antibiotic prescriptions, and otitis media was \nthe most frequent diagnosis for which antibiotics were prescribed (30% of \nall prescriptions).Conclusions.—  \n Antibiotic prescribing for children diagnosed as having colds, URIs, \nand bronchitis, conditions that typically do not benefit from antibiotics, \nrepresents a substantial proportion of total antibiotic prescriptions to children \nin the United States each year.", "publicationTitle": "JAMA", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "mars 18, 1998", "volume": "279", "issue": "11", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "875-877", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "JAMA", "DOI": "10.1001/jama.279.11.875", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.279.11.875", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0098-7484", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "D8BISN8Q" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-15T12:48:24Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-15T12:48:24Z" } }, { "key": "ETZICXD3", "version": 4428, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 32739, "name": "PhEMI", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/phemi", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/32739/items/ETZICXD3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/phemi/items/ETZICXD3", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 441641, "username": "Marie-Anne Vibet", "name": "Marie-Anne Vibet", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/marie-anne_vibet", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Gonzales R", "parsedDate": "1997-09-17", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "ETZICXD3", "version": 4428, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "ANtibiotic prescribing for adults with colds, upper respiratory tract infections, and bronchitis by ambulatory care physicians", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Steiner JF", "lastName": "Gonzales R" } ], "abstractNote": "Context.  \n —Antibiotic use is associated with increased rates of antibiotic-resistant organisms. A previous study has shown that colds, upper respiratory tract infections, and bronchitis account for nearly one third of all antibiotic prescribing by ambulatory care physicians. How frequently antibiotics are prescribed for these conditions and for and by whom is not known.Objectives.  \n —To measure antibiotic prescription rates and to identify predictors of antibiotic use for adults diagnosed as having colds, upper respiratory tract infections, and bronchitis in the United States.Design.  \n —Sample survey of practicing physicians participating in the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, 1992.Setting.  \n —Office-based physician practices.Subjects.  \n —Physicians (n=1529) completing patient record forms for adult office visits (n=28 787).Main Outcome Measures.  \n —Antibiotic prescriptions for colds, upper respiratory tract infections, and bronchitis.Results.  \n —Office visits for colds, upper respiratory tract infections, and bronchitis resulted in approximately 12 million antibiotic prescriptions, accounting for 21% of all antibiotic prescriptions to adults in 1992. A total of 51% of patients diagnosed as having colds, 52% of patients diagnosed as having upper respiratory tract infections, and 66% of patients diagnosed as having bronchitis were treated with antibiotics. Female sex (odds ratio [OR], 1.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-2.62) and rural practice location (OR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.33-3.80) were associated with greater antibiotic prescription rates, whereas black race (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.21-0.93) was associated with lower antibiotic prescription rates. Patient age, Hispanic ethnicity, geographic region, physician specialty, and payment sources were not associated with antibiotic prescription rates in the bivariate analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified only rural practice location (adjusted OR, 2.58; 95% CI, 1.39-4.76) to be independently associated with more frequent antibiotic prescriptions for colds, upper respiratory tract infections, and bronchitis.Conclusion.  \n —Although antibiotics have little or no benefit for colds, upper respiratory tract infections, or bronchitis, these conditions account for a sizable proportion of total antibiotic prescriptions for adults by office-based physicians in the United States. Overuse of antibiotics is widespread across geographical areas, medical specialties, and payment sources. Therefore, effective strategies for changing prescribing behavior for these conditions will need to be broad based.", "publicationTitle": "JAMA", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "septembre 17, 1997", "volume": "278", "issue": "11", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "901-904", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "JAMA", "DOI": "10.1001/jama.1997.03550110039033", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1997.03550110039033", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0098-7484", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "D8BISN8Q" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-15T12:48:24Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-15T12:48:24Z" } }, { "key": "VEPTK3TS", "version": 4428, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 32739, "name": "PhEMI", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/phemi", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/32739/items/VEPTK3TS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/phemi/items/VEPTK3TS", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/32739/items/WEQUQ8WT", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 441641, "username": "Marie-Anne Vibet", "name": "Marie-Anne Vibet", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/marie-anne_vibet", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "VEPTK3TS", "version": 4428, "parentItem": "WEQUQ8WT", "itemType": "note", "note": "The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:
PB - Springer-Verlag
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10.1001/jama.279.11.875

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10.1001/jama.1997.03550110039033

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-15T12:48:24Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-15T12:48:24Z" } }, { "key": "7EVPUWBM", "version": 4428, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 32739, "name": "PhEMI", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/phemi", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/32739/items/7EVPUWBM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/phemi/items/7EVPUWBM", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 441641, "username": "Marie-Anne Vibet", "name": "Marie-Anne Vibet", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/marie-anne_vibet", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kwong et al.", "parsedDate": "2009-09-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "7EVPUWBM", "version": 4428, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Effect of Universal Influenza Immunization on Antibiotic Prescriptions: An Ecological Study", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jeffrey C.", "lastName": "Kwong" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sarah", "lastName": "Maaten" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ross E. G.", "lastName": "Upshur" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David M.", "lastName": "Patrick" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Fawziah", "lastName": "Marra" } ], "abstractNote": "The Canadian province of Ontario introduced universal influenza immunization in 2000, offering free vaccines to the entire population. We compared changes in rates of influenza-associated respiratory antibiotic prescriptions before and after universal immunization in Ontario with corresponding changes in other provinces. Universal influenza immunization is associated with reduced influenza-associated antibiotic prescriptions.", "publicationTitle": "Clinical Infectious Diseases", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "septembre 1, 2009", "volume": "49", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "750-756", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Clinical Infectious Diseases", "DOI": "10.1086/605087", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/49/5/750.abstract", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "D8BISN8Q" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-15T12:48:24Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-15T12:48:24Z" } }, { "key": "XNXWFCQA", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 32739, "name": "PhEMI", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/phemi", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/32739/items/XNXWFCQA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/phemi/items/XNXWFCQA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 596896, "username": "Ligier Caroline", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ligier_caroline", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Aronoff and Bloch", "parsedDate": "2003-07", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "XNXWFCQA", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Assessing the relationship between the use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and necrotizing fasciitis caused by group A streptococcus", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David M", "lastName": "Aronoff" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Karen C", "lastName": "Bloch" } ], "abstractNote": "Group A streptococcal (GAS) necrotizing fasciitis is a rapidly progressive soft tissue infection. Elderly and chronically ill individuals are at greatest risk, particularly when skin breakdown is present. Reports suggest that nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) increase the risk of developing GAS necrotizing fasciitis, impede its timely recognition and management, and accelerate the course of infection. We present a literature review conducted to examine these hypotheses and present a case of GAS necrotizing fasciitis associated with rofecoxib use. Initial symptoms of fasciitis may be nondescript, mimicking more benign conditions such as cellulitis, arthritis, or musculoskeletal pain. Case reports and retrospective studies suggest that the application of NSAIDs to relieve these nonspecific symptoms can delay diagnosis and treatment of GAS necrotizing fasciitis. However, prospective studies do not support a risk of developing GAS necrotizing fasciitis as a result of NSAID therapy, or a worsening of established streptococcal infection. To avoid the application of NSAIDs in lieu of aggressive medical and surgical management of streptococcal fasciitis, clinicians must understand the early symptoms of GAS necrotizing fasciitis that precede visible soft tissue necrosis. A rational approach to patients presenting with localized soft tissue pain will enhance detection and therapy of this rapidly progressive, life-threatening disease.", "publicationTitle": "Medicine", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Jul 2003", "volume": "82", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "225-235", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Medicine (Baltimore)", "DOI": "10.1097/01.md.0000085060.63483.bb", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12861100", "accessDate": "2011-08-05T13:15:10Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0025-7974", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 12861100", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adolescent", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aged, 80 and over", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fasciitis, Necrotizing", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Incidence", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Middle Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Pain", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Prospective Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Retrospective Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Risk Factors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Streptococcal Infections", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Streptococcus pyogenes", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-08-05T13:15:10Z", "dateModified": "2011-08-05T13:15:10Z" } }, { "key": "5JPT4CGR", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 32739, "name": "PhEMI", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/phemi", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/32739/items/5JPT4CGR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/phemi/items/5JPT4CGR", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/32739/items/3STA64CQ", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 98804, "username": "mddc", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mddc", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 441641, "username": "Marie-Anne Vibet", "name": "Marie-Anne Vibet", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/marie-anne_vibet", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "5JPT4CGR", "version": 1, "parentItem": "3STA64CQ", "itemType": "note", "note": "

1935-2735 (Electronic) 1935-2727 (Linking) Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-12-28T13:12:58Z", "dateModified": "2011-06-14T15:41:57Z" } }, { "key": "2CZ8AD6M", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 32739, "name": "PhEMI", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/phemi", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/32739/items/2CZ8AD6M", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/phemi/items/2CZ8AD6M", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 441641, "username": "Marie-Anne Vibet", "name": "Marie-Anne Vibet", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/marie-anne_vibet", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "da Costa et al.", "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "2CZ8AD6M", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Uses and misuses of the STROBE statement: bibliographic study", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bruno R", "lastName": "da Costa" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Myriam", "lastName": "Cevallos" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Douglas G", "lastName": "Altman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Anne W S", "lastName": "Rutjes" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Matthias", "lastName": "Egger" } ], "abstractNote": "Objectives Appropriate reporting is central to the application of findings from research to clinical practice. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) recommendations consist of a checklist of 22 items that provide guidance on the reporting of cohort, case–control and cross-sectional studies, in order to facilitate critical appraisal and interpretation of results. STROBE was published in October 2007 in several journals including The Lancet, BMJ, Annals of Internal Medicine and PLoS Medicine. Within the framework of the revision of the STROBE recommendations, the authors examined the context and circumstances in which the STROBE statement was used in the past.Design The authors searched the Web of Science database in August 2010 for articles which cited STROBE and examined a random sample of 100 articles using a standardised, piloted data extraction form. The use of STROBE in observational studies and systematic reviews (including meta-analyses) was classified as appropriate or inappropriate. The use of STROBE to guide the reporting of observational studies was considered appropriate. Inappropriate uses included the use of STROBE as a tool to assess the methodological quality of studies or as a guideline on how to design and conduct studies.Results The authors identified 640 articles that cited STROBE. In the random sample of 100 articles, about half were observational studies (32%) or systematic reviews (19%). Comments, editorials and letters accounted for 15%, methodological articles for 8%, and recommendations and narrative reviews for 26% of articles. Of the 32 observational studies, 26 (81%) made appropriate use of STROBE, and three uses (10%) were considered inappropriate. Among 19 systematic reviews, 10 (53%) used STROBE inappropriately as a tool to assess study quality.Conclusions The STROBE reporting recommendations are frequently used inappropriately in systematic reviews and meta-analyses as an instrument to assess the methodological quality of observational studies.", "publicationTitle": "BMJ Open", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2011", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/early/2011/02/16/bmjopen-2010-000048.abstract", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "HXGWU6PG" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-05-10T09:22:36Z", "dateModified": "2011-05-10T09:22:36Z" } }, { "key": "W7GGZZF6", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 32739, "name": "PhEMI", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/phemi", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/32739/items/W7GGZZF6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/phemi/items/W7GGZZF6", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/32739/items/BTQWTAQ5", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 441641, "username": "Marie-Anne Vibet", "name": "Marie-Anne Vibet", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/marie-anne_vibet", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "W7GGZZF6", "version": 1, "parentItem": "BTQWTAQ5", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "e5a95afa38f980b6366da2258195035f", "accessDate": "2011-05-10T08:23:01Z", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6T84-51WV6P7-1/2/e5a95afa38f980b6366da2258195035f", "note": "", "contentType": "", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-05-10T08:23:01Z", "dateModified": "2011-05-10T08:23:01Z" } }, { "key": "BTQWTAQ5", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 32739, "name": "PhEMI", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/phemi", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/32739/items/BTQWTAQ5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/phemi/items/BTQWTAQ5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 441641, "username": "Marie-Anne Vibet", "name": "Marie-Anne Vibet", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/marie-anne_vibet", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Moher et al.", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "BTQWTAQ5", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Describing reporting guidelines for health research: a systematic review", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David", "lastName": "Moher" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Laura", "lastName": "Weeks" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mary", "lastName": "Ocampo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dugald", "lastName": "Seely" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Margaret", "lastName": "Sampson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Douglas G.", "lastName": "Altman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kenneth F.", "lastName": "Schulz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Donald", "lastName": "Miller" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Iveta", "lastName": "Simera" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jeremy", "lastName": "Grimshaw" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John", "lastName": "Hoey" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Clinical Epidemiology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "", "volume": "In Press, Corrected Proof", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.09.013", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6T84-51WV6P7-1/2/e5a95afa38f980b6366da2258195035f", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0895-4356", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Reporting guidelines" }, { "tag": "Research methodology" }, { "tag": "Systematic review" } ], "collections": [ "HXGWU6PG" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-05-10T08:23:01Z", "dateModified": "2011-05-10T08:23:01Z" } }, { "key": "FSCXFRI3", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 32739, "name": "PhEMI", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/phemi", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/32739/items/FSCXFRI3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/phemi/items/FSCXFRI3", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/32739/items/TS9DS2TG", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 596896, "username": "Ligier Caroline", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ligier_caroline", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "FSCXFRI3", "version": 1, "parentItem": "TS9DS2TG", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "HighWire Snapshot", "accessDate": "2011-04-29T14:55:41Z", "url": "http://ajrccm.atsjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/151/4/1218", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "windows-1252", "filename": "1218.html", "md5": null, "mtime": 1304088940000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-04-29T14:55:41Z", "dateModified": "2011-04-29T14:57:00Z" } }, { "key": "TS9DS2TG", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 32739, "name": "PhEMI", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/phemi", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/32739/items/TS9DS2TG", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/phemi/items/TS9DS2TG", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 596896, "username": "Ligier Caroline", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ligier_caroline", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hellewell et al.", "parsedDate": "1995-04-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "TS9DS2TG", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Paradoxic effect of ibuprofen on neutrophil accumulation in pulmonary and cutaneous inflammation", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "PG", "lastName": "Hellewell" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "SK", "lastName": "Young" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "PM", "lastName": "Henson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "GS", "lastName": "Worthen" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Avril 1, 1995", "volume": "151", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1218-1227", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://ajrccm.atsjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/151/4/1218", "accessDate": "2011-04-29T14:55:40Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "HighWire", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "D9HGCGIQ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-04-29T14:55:40Z", "dateModified": "2011-04-29T14:55:40Z" } }, { "key": "BXCMAI67", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 32739, "name": "PhEMI", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/phemi", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/32739/items/BXCMAI67", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/phemi/items/BXCMAI67", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 596896, "username": "Ligier Caroline", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ligier_caroline", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Aronoff et al.", "parsedDate": "2004-07-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BXCMAI67", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Prostaglandin E2 inhibits alveolar macrophage phagocytosis through an E-prostanoid 2 receptor-mediated increase in intracellular cyclic AMP", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David M", "lastName": "Aronoff" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Claudio", "lastName": "Canetti" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marc", "lastName": "Peters-Golden" } ], "abstractNote": "Prostaglandin E(2) is a potent lipid mediator of inflammation that effects changes in cell functions through ligation of four distinct G protein-coupled receptors (E-prostanoid (EP)1, EP2, EP3, and EP4). During pneumonia, PGE(2) production is enhanced. In the present study, we sought to assess the effect of endogenously produced and exogenously added PGE(2) on FcRgamma-mediated phagocytosis of bacterial pathogens by alveolar macrophages (AMs), which are critical participants in lung innate immunity. We also sought to characterize the EP receptor signaling pathways responsible for these effects. PGE(2) (1-1000 nM) dose-dependently suppressed the phagocytosis by rat AMs of IgG-opsonized erythrocytes, immune serum-opsonized Klebsiella pneumoniae, and IgG-opsonized Escherichia coli. Conversely, phagocytosis was stimulated by pretreatment with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin. PGE(2) suppression of phagocytosis was associated with enhanced intracellular cAMP production. Experiments using both forskolin (adenylate cyclase activator) and rolipram (phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor) confirmed the inhibitory effect of cAMP stimulation. Immunoblot analysis of rat AMs identified expression of only EP2 and EP3 receptors. The selective EP2 agonist butaprost, but neither the EP1/EP3 agonist sulprostone nor the EP4-selective agonist ONO-AE1-329, mimicked the effects of PGE(2) on phagocytosis and cAMP stimulation. Additionally, the EP2 antagonist AH-6809 abrogated the inhibitory effects of both PGE(2) and butaprost. We confirmed the specificity of our results by showing that AMs from EP2-deficient mice were resistant to the inhibitory effects of PGE(2). Our data support a negative regulatory role for PGE(2) on the antimicrobial activity of AMs, which has important implications for future efforts to prevent and treat bacterial pneumonia.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md.: 1950)", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Jul 1, 2004", "volume": "173", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "559-565", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J. Immunol", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15210817", "accessDate": "2011-04-29T11:07:02Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0022-1767", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 15210817", "tags": [ { "tag": "Animals", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cyclic AMP", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Dinoprostone", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Macrophages, Alveolar", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Mice", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Mice, Inbred C57BL", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Phagocytosis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Receptors, Prostaglandin E", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "D9HGCGIQ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-04-29T11:07:02Z", "dateModified": "2011-04-29T11:07:02Z" } }, { "key": "7UZ6D578", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 32739, "name": "PhEMI", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/phemi", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/32739/items/7UZ6D578", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/phemi/items/7UZ6D578", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/32739/items/7546S67A", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 596896, "username": "Ligier Caroline", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ligier_caroline", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "7UZ6D578", "version": 1, "parentItem": "7546S67A", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "HighWire Snapshot", "accessDate": "2011-04-29T11:04:19Z", "url": "http://ajrccm.atsjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/151/4/1218", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "windows-1252", "filename": "1218.html", "md5": null, "mtime": 1304075055000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-04-29T11:04:19Z", "dateModified": "2011-04-29T11:05:30Z" } }, { "key": "7546S67A", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 32739, "name": "PhEMI", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/phemi", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/32739/items/7546S67A", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/phemi/items/7546S67A", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 596896, "username": "Ligier Caroline", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ligier_caroline", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hellewell et al.", "parsedDate": "1995-04-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "7546S67A", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Paradoxic effect of ibuprofen on neutrophil accumulation in pulmonary and cutaneous inflammation", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "PG", "lastName": "Hellewell" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "SK", "lastName": "Young" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "PM", "lastName": "Henson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "GS", "lastName": "Worthen" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Avril 1, 1995", "volume": "151", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1218-1227", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://ajrccm.atsjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/151/4/1218", "accessDate": "2011-04-29T11:04:18Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "HighWire", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-04-29T11:04:18Z", "dateModified": "2011-04-29T11:04:18Z" } }, { "key": "TUJQCJ2T", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 32739, "name": "PhEMI", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/phemi", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/32739/items/TUJQCJ2T", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/phemi/items/TUJQCJ2T", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 596896, "username": "Ligier Caroline", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ligier_caroline", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Michie et al.", "parsedDate": "1988-06-09", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "TUJQCJ2T", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Detection of circulating tumor necrosis factor after endotoxin administration", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H R", "lastName": "Michie" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K R", "lastName": "Manogue" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D R", "lastName": "Spriggs" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A", "lastName": "Revhaug" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S", "lastName": "O'Dwyer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C A", "lastName": "Dinarello" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A", "lastName": "Cerami" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S M", "lastName": "Wolff" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D W", "lastName": "Wilmore" } ], "abstractNote": "Cytokines, products of stimulated macrophages, are thought to mediate many host responses to bacterial infection, but increased circulating cytokine concentrations have not been detected consistently in infected patients. We measured plasma concentrations of circulating tumor necrosis factor alpha (cachectin), interleukin-1 beta, and gamma interferon, together with physiologic and hormonal responses, in 13 healthy men after intravenous administration of Escherichia coli endotoxin (4 ng per kilogram of body weight) and during a control period of saline administration. Eight additional subjects received ibuprofen before receiving endotoxin or saline. Plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor were generally less than 35 pg per milliliter throughout the control period, but increased 90 to 180 minutes after endotoxin administration to mean peak concentrations of 240 +/- 70 pg per milliliter, as compared with 35 +/- 5 pg per milliliter after saline administration. Host responses were temporally associated with the increase in circulating tumor necrosis factor at 90 minutes, and the extent of symptoms, changes in white-cell count, and production of ACTH were temporally related to the peak concentration of tumor necrosis factor. Ibuprofen pretreatment did not prevent the rise in circulating tumor necrosis factor (mean peak plasma level, 170 +/- 70 pg per milliliter) but greatly attenuated the symptoms and other responses after endotoxin administration. Concentrations of circulating interleukin-1 beta and gamma interferon did not change after endotoxin administration. We conclude that the response to endotoxin is associated with a brief pulse of circulating tumor necrosis factor and that the resultant responses are effected through the cyclooxygenase pathway.", "publicationTitle": "The New England Journal of Medicine", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Jun 9, 1988", "volume": "318", "issue": "23", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1481-1486", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "N. Engl. J. Med", "DOI": "10.1056/NEJM198806093182301", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2835680", "accessDate": "2011-04-29T11:02:46Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0028-4793", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 2835680", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adrenocorticotropic Hormone", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Body Temperature", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Endotoxins", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Escherichia coli", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Ibuprofen", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Interferon-gamma", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Interleukin-1", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Leukocyte Count", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "D9HGCGIQ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-04-29T11:02:46Z", "dateModified": "2011-04-29T11:02:46Z" } }, { "key": "SXXVM5TE", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 32739, "name": "PhEMI", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/phemi", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/32739/items/SXXVM5TE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/phemi/items/SXXVM5TE", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 596896, "username": "Ligier Caroline", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ligier_caroline", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Aronoff and Bloch", "parsedDate": "2003-07", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "SXXVM5TE", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Assessing the relationship between the use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and necrotizing fasciitis caused by group A streptococcus", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David M", "lastName": "Aronoff" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Karen C", "lastName": "Bloch" } ], "abstractNote": "Group A streptococcal (GAS) necrotizing fasciitis is a rapidly progressive soft tissue infection. Elderly and chronically ill individuals are at greatest risk, particularly when skin breakdown is present. Reports suggest that nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) increase the risk of developing GAS necrotizing fasciitis, impede its timely recognition and management, and accelerate the course of infection. We present a literature review conducted to examine these hypotheses and present a case of GAS necrotizing fasciitis associated with rofecoxib use. Initial symptoms of fasciitis may be nondescript, mimicking more benign conditions such as cellulitis, arthritis, or musculoskeletal pain. Case reports and retrospective studies suggest that the application of NSAIDs to relieve these nonspecific symptoms can delay diagnosis and treatment of GAS necrotizing fasciitis. However, prospective studies do not support a risk of developing GAS necrotizing fasciitis as a result of NSAID therapy, or a worsening of established streptococcal infection. To avoid the application of NSAIDs in lieu of aggressive medical and surgical management of streptococcal fasciitis, clinicians must understand the early symptoms of GAS necrotizing fasciitis that precede visible soft tissue necrosis. A rational approach to patients presenting with localized soft tissue pain will enhance detection and therapy of this rapidly progressive, life-threatening disease.", "publicationTitle": "Medicine", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Jul 2003", "volume": "82", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "225-235", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Medicine (Baltimore)", "DOI": "10.1097/01.md.0000085060.63483.bb", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12861100", "accessDate": "2011-04-29T11:02:04Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0025-7974", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 12861100", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adolescent", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aged, 80 and over", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fasciitis, Necrotizing", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Incidence", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Middle Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Pain", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Prospective Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Retrospective Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Risk Factors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Streptococcal Infections", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Streptococcus pyogenes", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "D9HGCGIQ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-04-29T11:02:04Z", "dateModified": "2011-04-29T11:02:04Z" } } ]