[ { "key": "95BQLNK9", "version": 513, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 327288, "name": "Radio occultation 1990-", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/327288/items/95BQLNK9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-/items/95BQLNK9", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 8722512, "username": "mclachlans", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mclachlans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Martinez-Felix et al.", "parsedDate": "2026", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "95BQLNK9", "version": 513, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The April 8, 2024 Total Solar Eclipse effects on the ionosphere: Evidence from GNSS radio occultation and local magnetometer observations", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Carlos A.", "lastName": "Martinez-Felix" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Angela", "lastName": "Melgarejo-Morales" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.R.", "lastName": "Millan-Almaraz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.R.", "lastName": "Vazquez-Ontiveros" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Ricardo Salazar-Lopez" } ], "abstractNote": "Solar eclipses provide a natural laboratory for examining how rapid plasma depletion influences the development of ionospheric irregularities and their electrodynamic signatures. This study examines the relation between eclipse-driven electron density reductions and the onset of scintillation during the 8 April 2024 total solar eclipse over northern Mexico. Coordinated measurements from dual-constellation GNSS Radio Occultation (GNSS-RO) missions and a ground-based magnetometer were analyzed using a targeted quality-controlled dataset focused on observations within the penumbra. Results reveal a pronounced plasma depletion, with electron density decreasing by ∼49.76% near the end of the eclipse-driven cooling phase, followed by a rapid post-eclipse enhancement of ∼138.3%. Concurrently, ionospheric scintillation intensified, with S4 values exceeding 0.5 from 19 UT onward and peaking at 1.92. These signatures were accompanied by strong electrodynamic disturbances, as the magnetometer recorded decreases of 70.85% and 60.23% in the Bx and Bz components, respectively, coincident with the period of steep TEC and Ne gradients. Together, the multi-instrument observations provide direct evidence that the primary plasma depletion induced by the eclipse triggered secondary plasma instabilities and a localized reconfiguration of ionospheric current systems. The results highlight both the diagnostic value and practical limitations of GNSS-RO for short-duration, spatially constrained events. © 2026 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.", "publicationTitle": "Advances in Space Research", "publisher": "Elsevier Ltd", "place": "", "date": "2026", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Adv. Space Res.", "DOI": "10.1016/j.asr.2026.02.066", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0273-1177", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The April 8, 2024 Total Solar Eclipse effects on the ionosphere", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "Scopus", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-04-10T09:59:45Z", "dateModified": "2026-04-10T09:59:45Z" } }, { "key": "ZLKYVPWN", "version": 512, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 327288, "name": "Radio occultation 1990-", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/327288/items/ZLKYVPWN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-/items/ZLKYVPWN", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 8722512, "username": "mclachlans", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mclachlans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Li et al.", "parsedDate": "2026", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ZLKYVPWN", "version": 512, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Stability Assessment of Spire and PlanetiQ Receiver Clocks and Its Implications for GNSS-RO Atmospheric Profiles", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Z", "lastName": "Li" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "PY", "lastName": "Sun" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "XM", "lastName": "Wang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "DY", "lastName": "Liu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "HB", "lastName": "Li" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Y", "lastName": "Xu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "JL", "lastName": "Zhang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "SZ", "lastName": "Shen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "HX", "lastName": "Zhang" } ], "abstractNote": "Commercial SmallSats offer cost-effective alternatives to traditional GNSS radio occultation (GNSS-RO) missions through scalable constellation deployments. In GNSS-RO processing, the short-term stability of the LEO receiver clock is a key constraint on the feasibility and accuracy of undifferenced (UD) retrievals. Specifically, limited stability in compact receivers can introduce clock noise that degrades retrieval profiles and increases uncertainty. This study evaluated Spire and PlanetiQ onboard clock stability and quantified the impact on bending-angle and refractivity retrievals. Spire exhibited lower short-term clock stability, with 1(-s) clock stability exceeding 10(-6), making UD infeasible, while its single-differenced (SD)-derived profiles remained consistent with UCAR and ECMWF reference datasets. In contrast, PlanetiQ exhibited better short-term stability, with the 1-s clock stability typically better than 10(-9). Subsequent analyses were confined to clock segments with 1-s clock stability better than 10(-12), sufficient for accurate SD and UD processing. For PlanetiQ, refractivity derived from both methods was in agreement between 10 and 25 km (mean bias < 0.05%, STD < 1%); above 25 km, SD showed slightly larger deviations due to reference-link noise. Across constellations, GPS showed the lowest deviations while GLONASS had the highest. Sensitivity tests with injected clock noise targeting 1-s clock stability over the range of 10(-12) to 10(-10) showed that UD and SD were statistically comparable when 1(-s )clock stability was about 3.0 & times;10(-11), and the retrieval deviations increased with both altitude and noise amplitude. These results confirm that PlanetiQ's high clock stability supports accurate SD and UD retrievals and provide valuable insights for oscillator selection, quality control, and processing strategy in cost-effective GNSS-RO missions.", "publicationTitle": "IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2026", "volume": "19", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "8756-8772", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1109/JSTARS.2026.3668804", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1939-1404", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "WOS:001714455700002", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-04-10T09:59:45Z", "dateModified": "2026-04-10T09:59:45Z" } }, { "key": "5PYPUZ4E", "version": 511, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 327288, "name": "Radio occultation 1990-", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/327288/items/5PYPUZ4E", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-/items/5PYPUZ4E", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 8722512, "username": "mclachlans", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mclachlans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ye et al.", "parsedDate": "2026-03-09", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "5PYPUZ4E", "version": 511, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Quality Assessment of Ionosphere-Corrected Bending Angles from Multi-GNSS Radio Occultation Missions", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "JY", "lastName": "Ye" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Y", "lastName": "Li" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "XL", "lastName": "Huo" } ], "abstractNote": "This study evaluates the quality of ionosphere-corrected bending angle products from 12 satellite radio occultation (RO) missions, with data provided by the ROM SAF and CDAAC data centers. The missions include MetOp-B/C, Sentinel-6, Spire, COSMIC-2, KOMPSAT-5, and TerraSAR-X. The assessment focuses on bending angle quality control (QC), bias and noise characteristics at 65-80 km altitude, and statistical errors, with ERA5 data used as the reference. For quality control, Spire products achieved the highest pass rate, exceeding 99%. Products from the two MetOp satellites and Sentinel-6 exhibited pass rates above approximately 90%. The COSMIC-2 series had a pass rate of similar to 81%, while KOMPSAT-5 and TerraSAR-X had pass rates of 62% and 68%, respectively. Concerning bending angle biases, slightly larger biases were observed in MetOp setting events. Biases from other missions were mostly within the range of 0-0.05 mu rad. Regarding noises, Sentinel-6 recorded the smallest bending angle noise (0.87 mu rad), whereas TerraSAR-X (2.3 mu rad) and KOMPSAT-5 (1.9 mu rad) showed the largest noise magnitudes. Systematic differences in bending angles from all 12 RO missions were generally consistent below 60 km, while their standard deviations show good consistency below 35 km. In the middle stratosphere (35-50 km), MetOp-B/C and Sentinel-6 displayed the smallest standard deviations. Spire values are 1-2% larger, COSMIC-2 values 5-10% larger, and TerraSAR-X values the largest. Since ERA5 data also contain inherent uncertainties, particularly above 60 km, the findings of this study can only serve as a preliminary reference for users applying these datasets in weather and climate research. Future work will investigate the detailed causes of discrepancies among different datasets at high altitudes.", "publicationTitle": "REMOTE SENSING", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2026 MAR 9", "volume": "18", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.3390/rs18050841", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "2072-4292", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "WOS:001714607400001", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-04-10T09:59:45Z", "dateModified": "2026-04-10T09:59:45Z" } }, { "key": "D5XQUW4C", "version": 510, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 327288, "name": "Radio occultation 1990-", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/327288/items/D5XQUW4C", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-/items/D5XQUW4C", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 8722512, "username": "mclachlans", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mclachlans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bu et al.", "parsedDate": "2026", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "D5XQUW4C", "version": 510, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Preliminary Performance Evaluation and Verification of GNSS-R Data Products From 22 Satellites Tianmu-1 Constellation: Comparison of BeiDou, GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo Signals Retrieval Results With Multisource Data", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "JW", "lastName": "Bu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "XY", "lastName": "Liu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "XQ", "lastName": "Zuo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "QL", "lastName": "Wang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H", "lastName": "Li" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "CY", "lastName": "Ji" } ], "abstractNote": "The Tianmu-1 occultation meteorological detection constellation is China's first commercially built low-orbit meteorological satellite system, equipped with Global Navigation Satellite System-Radio Occultation (GNSS-RO) and GNSS-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) detection payloads, supporting multisystem signal reception and processing. This article focuses on the L2 GNSS-R sea surface wind speed and soil moisture products of four systems from 22 satellites in the Tianmu-1 constellation, and systematically compares and verifies them with multisource reference data to comprehensively evaluate their retrieval accuracy. These preliminary works have achieved encouraging results, indicating that the Tianmu-1 GNSS-R sea surface wind speed product not only has good consistency within the conventional wind speed range, but also maintains root mean square error (RMSE) below 1.5 m/s compared to the ERA5 reference wind speed. Under extreme wind speed conditions, it also has the ability to monitor typhoons. The Tianmu-1 GNSS-R cyclone wind speed product can still maintain good correlation with reference data, with a maximum correlation coefficient (CC) of 0.9. The soil moisture product retrieved by Tianmu-1 shows stability in the low latitude region and has a high correlation with the ground observation network (ISMN) data, with CC values above 0.7, enabling high spatiotemporal accuracy perception of shallow soil moisture. In addition, this article also explores the performance differences and complementary advantages between the Tianmu-1 constellation and platforms such as cyclone GNSS (CYGNSS), Fengyun-3 (FY-3), L-band radiometer, scatterometer, and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), laying the foundation for future multisource fusion remote sensing.", "publicationTitle": "IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2026", "volume": "64", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1109/TGRS.2026.3653883", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0196-2892", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "WOS:001702909400006", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-04-10T09:59:45Z", "dateModified": "2026-04-10T09:59:45Z" } }, { "key": "AGQ84FB3", "version": 509, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 327288, "name": "Radio occultation 1990-", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/327288/items/AGQ84FB3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-/items/AGQ84FB3", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 8722512, "username": "mclachlans", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mclachlans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Tayfehrostami and Amerian", "parsedDate": "2026", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "AGQ84FB3", "version": 509, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Performance evaluation of Sentinel-6 and COSMIC-2 PWV retrievals using GNSS observations and a novel weighted mean temperature estimation scenario", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Arash", "lastName": "Tayfehrostami" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Yazdan", "lastName": "Amerian" } ], "abstractNote": "The accurate estimation of atmospheric Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV) is crucial for weather prediction, climate studies, and hydrological research. While ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) provides continuous PWV observations, its spatial limitations highlight the need for complementary spaceborne methods such as GNSS Radio Occultation (RO). This study evaluates PWV retrieval accuracy over Iran by comparing data from 25 GNSS stations with observations from Sentinel-6 (S6) and COSMIC-2 missions during the second half of 2022. PWV values were derived from GNSS Zenith Wet Delay (ZWD) using an advanced integration-based approach for calculating the weighted mean temperature (Tm), which was refined using a layer-weighted method to address regional differences in measurement reliability—a novel aspect of this work. The performance of the proposed Tm model was independently evaluated using radiosonde observations at Tehran and Tabriz stations and compared with the widely used Bevis and GPT2w models. The results indicate that the proposed model improves Tm estimation accuracy, reducing the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) by approximately 35–45% relative to the existing models, demonstrating its robustness for regional applications. Comparisons between GNSS and GNSS RO-derived PWV show that COSMIC-2 outperforms S6, achieving an average RMSE of 5.03 mm compared to 6.14 mm for S6. Station-wise RMSE ranged from 0.87 mm (e.g., “mndb”) to over 10 mm (e.g., “khje”), reflecting variations in observation density, atmospheric conditions, and spatial resolution. Further validation using radiosonde PWV at Tehran and Tabriz stations confirms the overall consistency of RO-derived PWV, with COSMIC-2 generally exhibiting higher agreement than S6. Additionally, applying a quality control filter to exclude RO events with tangent heights above 5 km improved PWV accuracy significantly. Overall, the results demonstrate that GNSS RO missions such as COSMIC-2 and Sentinel-6 can provide reliable PWV estimates in regions with limited ground-based GNSS coverage. However, their accuracy depends on regional characteristics, atmospheric variability, and data availability, emphasizing the need for regional validation before operational use. The findings also confirm that the proposed Tm model enhances GNSS-based PWV estimation and can serve as an effective alternative to global models, with potential applicability to other regions subject to further evaluation. © 2026 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.", "publicationTitle": "Advances in Space Research", "publisher": "Elsevier Ltd", "place": "", "date": "2026", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Adv. Space Res.", "DOI": "10.1016/j.asr.2026.03.042", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0273-1177", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "Scopus", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-04-10T09:59:45Z", "dateModified": "2026-04-10T09:59:45Z" } }, { "key": "TSTIEWAU", "version": 508, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 327288, "name": "Radio occultation 1990-", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/327288/items/TSTIEWAU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-/items/TSTIEWAU", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 8722512, "username": "mclachlans", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mclachlans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Semlali et al.", "parsedDate": "2026-03-15", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "TSTIEWAU", "version": 508, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Ionospheric Scintillation Anomalies from COSMIC-2 GNSS-RO from 2019 and 2024 as Potential Earthquake Precursors", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "BEB", "lastName": "Semlali" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C", "lastName": "Molina" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H", "lastName": "Park" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A", "lastName": "Camps" } ], "abstractNote": "Currently, there are no consistent earthquake precursors for early warning. However, the correlation between earthquakes and ionospheric scintillation, measured using the S4 index via GNSS-RO, is under active study. This research analyzes S4 anomalies as a potential earthquake proxy, using GNSS-RO data from COSMIC-2/TGRS (Tri-GNSS Radio Occultation System) collected from 2019 to 2024. It examines over 71,000 global earthquakes within +/- 60 degrees of the equator with magnitudes greater than 4. The quality of S4 anomalies has been enhanced by filtering out space-weather-induced disturbances using the daily planetary geomagnetic index (Kp) and the solar activity flag collected from ground stations. The S4 anomalies were calculated using robust statistical methods, such as the standard deviation and the interquartile range. This study evaluated the correlation with a confusion matrix, a receiver operating characteristic curve, and various figures of merit. The results demonstrated a promising positive S4 anomaly between 1 and 7 days before the analyzed earthquakes, indicating the potential of ionospheric scintillation as an earthquake precursor, with the robust statistical methods employed instilling confidence in the validity of our findings.", "publicationTitle": "ISPRS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEO-INFORMATION", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2026 MAR 15", "volume": "15", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.3390/ijgi15030128", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "2220-9964", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "WOS:001725598300001", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-04-10T09:59:45Z", "dateModified": "2026-04-10T09:59:45Z" } }, { "key": "VGL6CJIJ", "version": 507, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 327288, "name": "Radio occultation 1990-", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/327288/items/VGL6CJIJ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-/items/VGL6CJIJ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 8722512, "username": "mclachlans", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mclachlans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lin et al.", "parsedDate": "2026-03", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "VGL6CJIJ", "version": 507, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Impact of GNSS RO Data on the Prediction of Atmospheric River Events: A ROMEX Experiment", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "HC", "lastName": "Lin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "YH", "lastName": "Kuo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "HL", "lastName": "Zhang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J", "lastName": "Braun" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "ZQ", "lastName": "Liu" } ], "abstractNote": "The assimilation of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) radio occultation (RO) data has been shown to improve the prediction of atmospheric rivers (ARs), which are key drivers of heavy precipitation along the U.S. West Coast. This study builds on prior research by evaluating the impact of the Radio Occultation Modeling Experiment (ROMEX) dataset, which provides approximately 36000 RO profiles per day, tripling the volume of the current operational RO dataset. Using the Weather Research and Forecasting Data Assimilation (WRFDA) system, we assimilate GNSS RO observations for the primary AR event that took place between 29 and 31 October 2022, as well as a preceding AR event. Results show that the denser RO dataset improves forecasts of the large-scale atmospheric state in the lower troposphere, integrated vapor transport (IVT), AR duration, the timing of peak moisture transport, and quantitative precipitation. These improvements showcase the value of increased RO data for better characterizing AR structure and improving its prediction.", "publicationTitle": "WEATHER AND FORECASTING", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2026 MAR", "volume": "41", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "519-539", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1175/WAF-D-25-0151.1", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0882-8156", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "WOS:001702415600002", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-04-10T09:59:45Z", "dateModified": "2026-04-10T09:59:45Z" } }, { "key": "QAQ4FS9E", "version": 506, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 327288, "name": "Radio occultation 1990-", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/327288/items/QAQ4FS9E", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-/items/QAQ4FS9E", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 8722512, "username": "mclachlans", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mclachlans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Wang and Zou", "parsedDate": "2026-02", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "QAQ4FS9E", "version": 506, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "How to Retain Cloud-Affected but Informative Data in Quality Control of GNSS Radio Occultation Bending Angle Observation: A New Localized Method", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "XT", "lastName": "Wang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "XL", "lastName": "Zou" } ], "abstractNote": "Quality control (QC) is essential before assimilating Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultation (RO) data. Conventional QC methods, applied globally or by latitudinal bands, can inadvertently remove valid data that contain significant meteorological signals. Using Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate-2 (COSMIC-2) bending angle data-a primary RO observable-from the summer of 2023, we demonstrate that this latitude-based QC (LatQC) flags an excessive number of outliers near an altitude of 8 km, a region typically considered highly reliable. These outliers are not random but are strongly clustered near the Solomon Islands, coinciding with frequent summer altostratus clouds with tops exceeding 6 km, which systematically perturb bending angles. Another area with high outlier concentration is the moist lower troposphere within the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Although GNSS RO signals are less affected by clouds due to their long wavelength, the aggressive LatQC in cloudy areas often misclassifies real weather-induced signals as noise. To address this, we developed a local QC method (LocQC), establishing statistical benchmarks within 2.5 degrees & times; 2.5 degrees longitude-latitude grids instead of broad latitudinal bands. The LocQC significantly improves the spatial distribution of identified outliers: it mitigates over-removal in the 6-8 km layer over the Solomon Islands and aligns outlier detection better with liquid water path and humidity patterns in the 2-4 km layer of the ITCZ. The quality of RO bending angle data is influenced not merely by latitude but significantly by local weather systems with distinct longitudinal signatures, such as clouds and moisture. Consequently, the proposed LocQC, accounting for two-dimensional atmospheric structures, is more appropriate than LatQC. It ensures robust filtering of erroneous data while better preserving valuable local weather signals crucial for numerical weather prediction and climate studies.\n(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) (GNSS) (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic). (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic). (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) 2023 (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) COSMIC-2 (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) ((sic) GNSS (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)) (sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) ((sic)(sic) LatQC) (sic)(sic) 8 km (sic)(sic) ((sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)) (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)\"(sic)(sic)(sic)\". (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic). (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) 6 km (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic). (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic). (sic)(sic) GNSS (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) LatQC (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) ((sic)(sic) LocQC), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) 2.5 degrees & times; 2.5 degrees (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) ((sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)) (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic). (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic): (sic) 6-8 km (sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic); (sic) 2-4 km (sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic). (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) ((sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)) (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic). (sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) LatQC, (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) LocQC (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).", "publicationTitle": "JOURNAL OF METEOROLOGICAL RESEARCH", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2026 FEB", "volume": "40", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "194-209", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1007/s13351-026-5181-y", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "2095-6037", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "WOS:001703257000009", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-04-10T09:59:45Z", "dateModified": "2026-04-10T09:59:45Z" } }, { "key": "SZD6ZLJ2", "version": 505, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 327288, "name": "Radio occultation 1990-", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/327288/items/SZD6ZLJ2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-/items/SZD6ZLJ2", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 8722512, "username": "mclachlans", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mclachlans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Zhao et al.", "parsedDate": "2026-04-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "SZD6ZLJ2", "version": 505, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Global Occurrence Characteristics of Ionospheric Amplitude Scintillation Throughout a Solar Cycle Based on COSMIC Radio Occultation Observations: A Case Study of Solar Cycle 24", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dongsheng", "lastName": "Zhao" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Xiaoting", "lastName": "Lai" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kefei", "lastName": "Zhang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Craig M.", "lastName": "Hancock" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Zhongchao", "lastName": "Shi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Longjiang", "lastName": "Li" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Wang", "lastName": "Li" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Peng", "lastName": "Sun" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Hao", "lastName": "Liu" } ], "abstractNote": "Ionospheric scintillation refers to rapid fluctuations in signal amplitude and phase caused by small–scale electron density irregularities, which can severely degrade navigation and communication systems under space weather conditions. Investigating the characteristics of ionospheric scintillation is essential for deepening our understanding of ionospheric disturbances, mitigating interference in communication and navigation, and developing accurate ionospheric models. Previous studies have mainly focused on regional scales, and a systematic understanding of scintillation on a global scale, across different altitude layers, and throughout the solar activity cycle remains limited. In this study, the FORMOSAT-3 /Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) radio occultation data were used to analyze ionospheric scintillation in the F–region (150–450 km) during Solar Cycle 24 from 2008 to 2019, and to examine the modulation effects of solar activity and geomagnetic disturbances on the spatiotemporal distribution of scintillation. The results show that ionospheric scintillation is most concentrated in low–latitude regions, particularly within the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA), and is strongly influenced by seasonal variation and the solar cycle. In low latitudes, scintillation is most intense during the equinox seasons, and nighttime scintillation is significantly stronger than daytime scintillation. The impact of geomagnetic disturbances is mainly reflected in the enhancement of nighttime scintillation on the low–latitude nightside, with particularly pronounced effects in low–latitude regions. This work provides fundamental data on the spatiotemporal structure of ionospheric scintillation and offers theoretical support for future improvements in ionospheric modeling and space weather forecasting systems.", "publicationTitle": "Advances in Space Research", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2026-04-01", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Advances in Space Research", "DOI": "10.1016/j.asr.2026.03.096", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0273117726004321", "accessDate": "2026-04-10T09:49:43Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0273-1177", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Global Occurrence Characteristics of Ionospheric Amplitude Scintillation Throughout a Solar Cycle Based on COSMIC Radio Occultation Observations", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-04-10T09:59:45Z", "dateModified": "2026-04-10T09:59:45Z" } }, { "key": "EAAHAY33", "version": 504, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 327288, "name": "Radio occultation 1990-", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/327288/items/EAAHAY33", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-/items/EAAHAY33", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 8722512, "username": "mclachlans", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mclachlans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Jian et al.", "parsedDate": "2026-02-27", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "EAAHAY33", "version": 504, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Global Bottomside Ionospheric Modeling Based on GNSS-RO Observations From the Tianmu-1 Constellation", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "LH", "lastName": "Jian" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "XD", "lastName": "Ren" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "YC", "lastName": "Yang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "X", "lastName": "Le" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "XH", "lastName": "Zhang" } ], "abstractNote": "Radio occultation (RO) observations provide a crucial means for estimating the global Vertical Bottomside Electron Content (VBEC) in the ionosphere. However, the limited number of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites in existing RO missions restricts the capability for high-precision reconstruction of global VBEC spatiotemporal variations. The Tianmu-1 (TM-1) constellation significantly improving the global coverage and resolution of RO measurements. In this study, TM-1 GNSS RO data were used for the first time to retrieve global VBEC during a geomagnetic storm period (10-12 May 2024) and a geomagnetically quiet period (21-23 July 2024). Based on spatial interpolation, global bottomside ionospheric maps (GBIMs) were constructed. The GBIM derived from TM-1 (TM-1 GBIM) and that derived from COSMIC-2 (COSMIC-2 GBIM) were then compared with the IGS global ionospheric maps (GIMs) to assess their accuracy and consistency. The results indicate that the TM-1 GBIM exhibits strong spatiotemporal consistency with the IGS GBIM. During the geomagnetically quiet period, the TM-1 GBIM performs better, with a root mean square (RMS) of 6.78 TECU, compared to an RMS of 9.68 TECU during the geomagnetic storm period. Further error analysis shows that the modeling errors of TM-1 GBIM and COSMIC-2 GBIM exhibit consistent spatiotemporal patterns. In particular, a systematic underestimation of VBEC occurs in the low- and mid-latitude regions from 08:00 to 19:00 LT, resulting in a pronounced double-peak structure resembling the equatorial ionization anomaly. Moreover, geomagnetic storms expand this double-peak error structure from 08:00-19:00 LT to 08:00-24:00 LT. Plain Language Summary The ionosphere, a layer of Earth's upper atmosphere filled with charged particles, affects satellite navigation and communication. Vertical Bottomside Electron Content (VBEC) represents the number of electrons in the bottomside ionosphere and is crucial for accurately calculating the propagation delay of low-Earth-orbit satellite navigation signals through the ionosphere. Traditional radio occultation (RO) missions, such as COSMIC-2 and Fengyun-3C, are limited by the number of satellites, making it difficult to achieve high spatiotemporal resolution with global coverage. The Tianmu-1 (TM-1) constellation, consisting of 23 satellites, collects approximately 14,000 RO events daily, significantly enhancing the spatiotemporal resolution of global coverage. Using TM-1 data, we constructed global maps of bottomside electron content during both geomagnetic storm and quiet periods. The TM-1 maps show good agreement with COSMIC-2 and IGS global maps but slightly underestimate VBEC in low- and mid-latitude regions during daytime, forming a \"double-peak\" pattern similar to the equatorial ionization anomaly. During storms, this error pattern lasts longer. These results indicate that TM-1 can provide globally covered bottomside ionospheric maps, which can help improve the positioning accuracy of future low-Earth-orbit satellite navigation systems.", "publicationTitle": "SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2026 FEB 27", "volume": "24", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1029/2025SW004722", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1542-7390", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "WOS:001703793400001", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-04-10T09:59:45Z", "dateModified": "2026-04-10T09:59:45Z" } }, { "key": "W4446BP9", "version": 503, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 327288, "name": "Radio occultation 1990-", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/327288/items/W4446BP9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-/items/W4446BP9", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 8722512, "username": "mclachlans", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mclachlans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Munro et al.", "parsedDate": "2026-03", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "W4446BP9", "version": 503, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "EUMETSAT Polar System-Second Generation: Continuation of Observations and Advancing Applications from Low-Earth Orbit", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R", "lastName": "Munro" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B", "lastName": "Bojkov" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "FM", "lastName": "Fadrique" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P", "lastName": "Counet" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R", "lastName": "Lindstrot" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P", "lastName": "Köhler" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "N", "lastName": "Hao" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C", "lastName": "Diekmann" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B", "lastName": "Fougnie" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "MV", "lastName": "Navarro" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S", "lastName": "Jafariserajehlou" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L", "lastName": "Spezzi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A", "lastName": "Bozzo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P", "lastName": "Phillips" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D", "lastName": "Coppens" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B", "lastName": "Theodore" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M", "lastName": "Crapeau" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S", "lastName": "Stapelberg" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J", "lastName": "Wilzewski" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "JL", "lastName": "Villaescusa-Nadal" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M", "lastName": "Lekouara" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M", "lastName": "De Bartolomei" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A", "lastName": "Mousivand" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C", "lastName": "Straif" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "FL", "lastName": "Carbo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S", "lastName": "Wagner" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J", "lastName": "Müller" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "RG", "lastName": "Lopez" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E", "lastName": "Obligis" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S", "lastName": "Linow" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C", "lastName": "Anderson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "SK", "lastName": "Lupemba" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C", "lastName": "Accadia" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "V", "lastName": "Mattioli" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "F", "lastName": "De Angelis" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "F", "lastName": "Bosco" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R", "lastName": "Ekelund" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J", "lastName": "Ackermann" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "I", "lastName": "Krizek" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S", "lastName": "Di Michele" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C", "lastName": "Marquardt" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A", "lastName": "Von Engeln" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R", "lastName": "Notarpietro" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S", "lastName": "Paolella" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "F", "lastName": "Sancho" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S", "lastName": "Joro" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A", "lastName": "Burini" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A", "lastName": "Walther" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K", "lastName": "Barbieux" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T", "lastName": "Marbach" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G", "lastName": "Bruni" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "CSP", "lastName": "Lee" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A", "lastName": "Gerling" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S", "lastName": "Remus" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M", "lastName": "Labriola" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M", "lastName": "Deiml" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D", "lastName": "Castellazzi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M", "lastName": "Sunda" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C", "lastName": "Mas" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R", "lastName": "Mecozzi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R", "lastName": "Dyer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P", "lastName": "Schlüssel" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T", "lastName": "Hultberg" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K", "lastName": "Holmlund" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G", "lastName": "Mason" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M", "lastName": "Loiselet" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "FA", "lastName": "Lopez" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E", "lastName": "Corpaccioli" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "LS", "lastName": "Drioli" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D", "lastName": "Martin" } ], "abstractNote": "EUMETSAT successfully launched the first satellite of the EUMETSAT Polar System-Second Generation (EPS-SG), developed as a collaborative program between EUMETSAT and ESA, on 13 August 2025 at 0037:50 (UTC) on an Ariane 62 launcher. EPS-SG is Europe's contribution to the NOAA-EUMETSAT Joint Polar System, continuing and expanding midmorning orbit observations provided by the Metop satellites. EPS-SG comprises three satellites collecting optical imaging and sounding observations (Metop-SGA) and three satellites collecting active and passive microwave observations (Metop-SGB) deployed in pairs, each satellite with a 7.5-yr design lifetime, including 6 months for commissioning. In addition to providing improved legacy observations with the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer-New Generation (IASI-NG), Meteorological Imager (METimage), Microwave Sounder (MWS), and Radio Occultation (RO) instruments, the Metop-SGA satellites will carry the Multi-viewing Multi-channel Multi-polarisation Imager (3MI), a passive polarimeter for monitoring atmospheric aerosol and clouds, and the Copernicus Sentinel-5 Ultraviolet (UV)/Visible (Vis)/Near-infrared (NIR)/Shortwave infrared (SWIR) (UVNS) sounding instrument, provided by ESA and the European Commission, measuring trace gases and aerosols. The Metop-SGB satellites will continue observations of ocean vector wind fields with the scatterometer (SCA), also host an RO instrument, and carry the Microwave Imager (MWI) for monitoring precipitation, temperature, clouds, water vapor, sea ice, and snow cover. Metop-SGB will also provide novel observations with the Ice Cloud Imager (ICI), covering submillimeter wavelengths for global observations of ice clouds. Finally, Metop-SGB will in addition carry the Advanced Data Collection System, Argos-4, contributing to the Argos worldwide location and data collection system. This paper describes these instruments, outlines the related products and services, and addresses the evolution of further applications.", "publicationTitle": "BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2026 MAR", "volume": "107", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "E628-E664", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1175/BAMS-D-24-0307.1", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0003-0007", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "WOS:001724499200003", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-04-10T09:59:45Z", "dateModified": "2026-04-10T09:59:45Z" } }, { "key": "N797VSNW", "version": 502, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 327288, "name": "Radio occultation 1990-", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/327288/items/N797VSNW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-/items/N797VSNW", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 8722512, "username": "mclachlans", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mclachlans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Masjedjamei and Mahmoudian", "parsedDate": "2026-02-28", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "N797VSNW", "version": 502, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Comprehensive study of sporadic-E formation and time evolution using wind shear theory, radio occultation, and distributed ionosonde observations", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K", "lastName": "Masjedjamei" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A", "lastName": "Mahmoudian" } ], "abstractNote": "This paper focuses on the development of a robust numerical model designed for predicting sporadic-E layer occurrences. The developed model computes the maximum ion convergence (VICmax\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$_{\\text {max}}$$\\end{document}) and takes into account meridional and zonal winds, magnetic field orientation (inclination angle), and ion-neutral collision frequency profiles. The horizontal wind model (HWM) serves to provide neutral wind parameters. For magnetic field and neutral density data, we incorporate the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) and the Naval Research Laboratory Mass Spectrometer and Incoherent Scatter radar (NRLMSIS) models. VICmax\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$_{\\text {max}}$$\\end{document} at altitudes ranging from 100 to 120 km is analyzed. The time evolution of VICmax\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$_{\\text {max}}$$\\end{document} for both July and January, corresponding to the northern and southern summer hemispheres, respectively, is assessed. We utilize foEs data from 11 ionosonde stations worldwide to validate our empirical numerical findings. The impact of active geomagnetic conditions is integrated through variations in the Ap\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$_p$$\\end{document} index. Notably, we observe a distinct signature of solar wind influence on sporadic-E layer formation in both hemispheres. Furthermore, we investigate the potential correlation between active geomagnetic conditions and global sporadic-E distribution. The enhanced occurrence rate in both hemispheres aligns with our model's predictions. We examine the solar radiation index and the differences in sporadic-E intensity noted in the radio occultation (RO) data for July and January of 2008 and 2014. The results from our numerical model show a strong correlation with the occurrence rates observed between July 2008 and July 2014, and the model also replicates similar trends observed in the RO data for July 2014.", "publicationTitle": "ACTA GEOPHYSICA", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2026 FEB 28", "volume": "74", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1007/s11600-026-01820-9", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1895-6572", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "WOS:001702245700002", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-04-10T09:59:45Z", "dateModified": "2026-04-10T09:59:45Z" } }, { "key": "PZCSG8M5", "version": 501, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 327288, "name": "Radio occultation 1990-", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/327288/items/PZCSG8M5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-/items/PZCSG8M5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 8722512, "username": "mclachlans", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mclachlans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Wang et al.", "parsedDate": "2026-03-23", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "PZCSG8M5", "version": 501, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Characterizing Small-Scale Gravity Waves Generated by Hurricanes Through Convective Generation and Wind Filtering Effects", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "YY", "lastName": "Wang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S", "lastName": "Pagiatakis" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P", "lastName": "Vergados" } ], "abstractNote": "Small-scale gravity waves (GWs) generated by Hurricane Sam (2021), Fiona (2022), and Dora (2023) are studied using COSMIC-2 GNSS-radio occultation (RO) temperature retrievals and ERA5 reanalysis data set, from which we categorize three GW types that are commonly observed in the hurricanes studied. Using Least Squares Wavelet Analysis, our results show that these GW characteristics align well with the conceptual GW theories. Based on GW properties, we introduce a new convention to name these three GW bands as Type A ( 12 km) generated by thermal forcing, dominant in the troposphere; Type B ( 3-10 km) that is usually shifted toward shorter wavelength by wind filtering effects, including the small-scale waves ( 2-3 km) induced by overshooting convection; and Type C ( 3-10 km) produced by a combination of thermal forcing and the obstacle effect, prevailing in the stratosphere. GWs observed in Sam and Fiona reveal the spiral propagation and the concentric structure that agree with previous investigations, while displaying an asymmetric east-west wave field in the lower stratosphere. We ascribe this asymmetry as a joint result of wind filtering and obstacle effects. Although the GWs from Dora lack a consistent pattern at different altitudes likely due to a GW interference in the upper troposphere-lower stratosphere region, distinct GW bands remain evident in the spectral results. Considering the GW similarities among the three hurricanes studied, we reckon the observed GW patterns might be present in other hurricanes, although a hurricane might not reveal all the suggested GW types.", "publicationTitle": "EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2026 MAR 23", "volume": "13", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1029/2025EA004790", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "2333-5084", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "WOS:001720356100001", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-04-10T09:59:45Z", "dateModified": "2026-04-10T09:59:45Z" } }, { "key": "KKIPVNIN", "version": 500, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 327288, "name": "Radio occultation 1990-", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/327288/items/KKIPVNIN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-/items/KKIPVNIN", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 8722512, "username": "mclachlans", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mclachlans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Unegg et al.", "parsedDate": "2026-03-11", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "KKIPVNIN", "version": 500, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Beyond Geostrophic and Gradient Wind: Enhancing the Estimation of Climatic Wind Fields From Radio Occultation", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J", "lastName": "Unegg" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "I", "lastName": "Nimac" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J", "lastName": "Danzer" } ], "abstractNote": "Wind approximations, such as geostrophic and gradient wind, are limited in their ability to accurately represent atmospheric conditions in the presence of significant planetary wave activity. Those approximations, while widely applied in synoptic-scale wind field estimation, fail to capture the full complexity of atmospheric dynamics under such conditions. High-quality atmospheric information can be gained from Global Navigation Satellite System radio occultation (RO) since 2002 onwards, significantly enhancing our understanding and observation of atmospheric state variables in the free troposphere to the mid-stratosphere. Nonetheless, winds cannot be directly derived from RO and are therefore not included as a standard product in RO climatologies. In this study, we present monthly global climatic winds derived from RO geopotential height fields, advancing beyond the traditional geostrophic, gradient, and equatorial balance approximations by incorporating advection and curvature terms. These newly derived RO climatic wind fields were systematically evaluated against winds from ERA5 reanalysis for the Northern and Southern Hemisphere. Our findings demonstrate that RO climatic wind fields have strong potential to more accurately represent monthly winds, reduce biases and better capture key atmospheric features compared to wind fields based on traditional wind approximations. The results pave the way for developing a first-of-its-kind, global and observation based wind field climatology, leveraging the unique advantages of RO, including long-term stability and high accuracy in combination with geo-location. RO-derived climatic winds represent an independent and complementary alternative for deepening observation-based insights into atmospheric dynamics.", "publicationTitle": "EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2026 MAR 11", "volume": "13", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1029/2025EA004579", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "2333-5084", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "WOS:001710993600001", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-04-10T09:59:45Z", "dateModified": "2026-04-10T09:59:45Z" } }, { "key": "FPHMF4W3", "version": 499, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 327288, "name": "Radio occultation 1990-", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/327288/items/FPHMF4W3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-/items/FPHMF4W3", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 8722512, "username": "mclachlans", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mclachlans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Pontes et al.", "parsedDate": "2026-03-13", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "FPHMF4W3", "version": 499, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Applicability of Radio Occultation Data for Atmospheric Temperature Estimation over the São Francisco River Basin", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Júlia Isabel", "lastName": "Pontes" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Daniele Barroca Marra", "lastName": "Alves" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gabriel Oliveira", "lastName": "Jerez" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tayná Aparecida Ferreira", "lastName": "Gouveia" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Afonso Marques", "lastName": "Albuquerque" } ], "abstractNote": "Accurate atmospheric profiling is essential for understanding climate dynamics and improving weather forecasting, particularly in data-scarce regions. This study evaluates the performance of the Radio Occultation (RO) technique - using data from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC-2) by comparing vertical temperature profiles with radiosonde (RSO) observations over the São Francisco River Basin (Brazil) during January and July 2020, which represent contrasting seasonal conditions. Statistical analyses, including root mean square error (RMSE), correlation coefficient, relative error, and mean differences, are applied to assess the agreement between the two datasets. Results reveal high consistency, with RMSE values below 1.6 °C, correlation coefficients exceeding 0.84, and average differences generally below 1 °C. The student’s T-test confirmed the absence of statistically significant differences at the 5% level, reinforcing the reliability of the RO-derived profiles. Such findings suggest that RO is a promising method for capturing atmospheric temperature structures, making it a valuable complementary tool for climate monitoring in regions with limited in-situ observations.", "publicationTitle": "ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences", "publisher": "Copernicus GmbH", "place": "", "date": "2026-03-13", "volume": "X-3-W4-2025", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "301-306", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.5194/isprs-annals-X-3-W4-2025-301-2026", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/X-3-W4-2025/301/2026/isprs-annals-X-3-W4-2025-301-2026.html", "accessDate": "2026-04-10T09:56:39Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "2194-9042", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "Copernicus Online Journals", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "Conference Name: Latin American GRSS and ISPRS Remote Sensing Conference (LAGIRS) 2025 - 10–13 November 2025, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-04-10T09:59:45Z", "dateModified": "2026-04-10T09:59:45Z" } }, { "key": "FX5QNPS9", "version": 498, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 327288, "name": "Radio occultation 1990-", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/327288/items/FX5QNPS9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-/items/FX5QNPS9", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 8722512, "username": "mclachlans", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mclachlans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Guo et al.", "parsedDate": "2026-03-02", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "FX5QNPS9", "version": 498, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Analysis on Global Es Layer Response to the May 2024 Geomagnetic Storm Through a Combination of Tianmu-1 and COSMIC-2 Radio Occultation Observations", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S", "lastName": "Guo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "SC", "lastName": "Wang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L", "lastName": "Shi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Z", "lastName": "Sheng" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J", "lastName": "Bu" } ], "abstractNote": "The sporadic E (Es) layer, a key manifestation of ionosphere-neutral atmosphere coupling, is highly sensitive to geomagnetic storms. Using more than 25,000 daily radio occultation profiles from the Tianmu-1 and COSMIC-2 constellations, this study investigates the global response of the Es layer to the May 2024 storm. Observations reveal that the storm produced globally extensive disturbances in the Es region, exhibiting distinct latitudinal, longitudinal, and storm-phase dependences. During the main phase, the peak Es-layer intensity (EsI) exceeded four times the quiet-time level at high latitudes, and the Es-layer height (EsH) rose by as much as 20 km. Simultaneously, EsI at mid and low latitudes showed depletions exceeding 50%. During the recovery phase, wave-like equatorward propagations of enhanced EsI and elevated EsH were observed in the Southern Hemisphere, primarily over the Southeast Pacific sector. Nighttime co-occurrence rates of Es- and F-region irregularities increased by a factor of four, suggesting that F-region ionospheric perturbations may also contribute to Es-layer generation during the recovery phase. These findings provide observational evidence of the global impact of a G5-class geomagnetic storm on the Es layer, offering valuable insights for the development and validation of models that predict Es-layer behavior. Plain Language Summary The Chinese Tianmu-1 commercial satellite constellation has provided a large number of ionospheric RO profiles, for the first time, enabling a global analysis of the Es layer behavior during a G5-level geomagnetic storm in May 2024. Analysis reveals that the global Es layer was significantly disturbed during the storm, with distinct latitudinal and longitudinal behaviors. Based on observational evidence, potential mechanisms for the formation of the storm-time Es layer are indicated in this study. First, particle precipitation likely caused the enhancement of Es intensity (EsI) at high latitudes, while the intense eastward prompt penetration electric field may be the primary driver for mid-to-low-latitudes EsI depletion during the main phase. Second, storm-driven neutral winds may have contributed to Es layer development over the Australia-Asia and Southeast Pacific sectors in the Southern Hemisphere. Third, F-region ionosphere perturbations may exert downward influences on the underlying Es region.", "publicationTitle": "SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2026 MAR 2", "volume": "24", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1029/2025SW004792", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1542-7390", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "WOS:001704849100001", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-04-10T09:59:45Z", "dateModified": "2026-04-10T09:59:45Z" } }, { "key": "RWD5DNDR", "version": 497, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 327288, "name": "Radio occultation 1990-", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/327288/items/RWD5DNDR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-/items/RWD5DNDR", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 8722512, "username": "mclachlans", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mclachlans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bowler and Marquardt", "parsedDate": "2026-03-26", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "RWD5DNDR", "version": 497, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "An investigation into the impacts of the vertical smoothing of GNSS-RO bending-angle observations on Met Office NWP forecasts", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "NE", "lastName": "Bowler" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C", "lastName": "Marquardt" } ], "abstractNote": "Motivated by apparent forecast improvements in the Met Office system with Spire-processed Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) radio occultation bending-angle observations, various experiments have been run to test the effect of increased vertical smoothing on forecast quality. The initial experiments were run with additional smoothing applied to Spire's observations as part of the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) processing. In these experiments it was seen that increasing the smoothing decreased the standard deviation of the observation departures, but also increased the vertical correlation length-scales. These observations with additional smoothing were then ingested within a low-resolution version of the Met Office numerical weather prediction (NWP) system, and the forecast quality was seen to be improved with the observations using additional smoothing compared with the observations using the operational processing. A second set of experiments was run which applied additional smoothing as a pre-processing step within the Met Office system. The smoothing is thus applied to the low-resolution Binary Universal Form for the Representation of meteorological data (BUFR) observations that are normally assimilated operationally. This method has the advantage that it is applied to the whole observation dataset, but the disadvantage that it is applied to the low-resolution observations, which posed some technical challenges. It also meant that it was possible to make the smoothing length-scale proportional to the spacing between vertical levels in the Met Office model. Tests applying the additional smoothing in this way demonstrated improved forecast performance over a wide range of variables. However, using a large smoothing length-scale produced degraded results, and the degradation was seen first in the tropical region, suggesting that less smoothing is beneficial there. Further experimentation is planned, which would demonstrate the impact of additional smoothing on a second NWP system.", "publicationTitle": "QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2026 MAR 26", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1002/qj.70182", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0035-9009", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "WOS:001723797700001", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-04-10T09:59:45Z", "dateModified": "2026-04-10T09:59:45Z" } }, { "key": "Y84RK75J", "version": 496, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 327288, "name": "Radio occultation 1990-", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/327288/items/Y84RK75J", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-/items/Y84RK75J", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/327288/items/R6UPDRQP", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 8722512, "username": "mclachlans", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mclachlans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "Y84RK75J", "version": 496, "parentItem": "R6UPDRQP", "itemType": "note", "note": "

Export Date: 26 February 2026; Cited By: 0

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-02-26T13:04:11Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-26T13:04:11Z" } }, { "key": "R6UPDRQP", "version": 496, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 327288, "name": "Radio occultation 1990-", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/327288/items/R6UPDRQP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-/items/R6UPDRQP", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 8722512, "username": "mclachlans", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mclachlans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bu et al.", "parsedDate": "2026", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "R6UPDRQP", "version": 496, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Preliminary Performance Evaluation and Verification of GNSS-R Data Products From 22 Satellites Tianmu-1 Constellation: Comparison of BeiDou, GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo Signals Retrieval Results with Multi-source Data", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Bu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "X.", "lastName": "Liu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "X.", "lastName": "Zuo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Q.", "lastName": "Wang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H.", "lastName": "Li" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C.", "lastName": "Ji" } ], "abstractNote": "The Tianmu-1 occultation meteorological detection constellation is China's first commercially built low-orbit meteorological satellite system, equipped with Global Navigation Satellite System-radio occultation (GNSS-RO) and GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R) detection payloads, supporting multi-system signal reception and processing. This article focuses on the L2 GNSS-R sea surface wind speed and soil moisture products of four systems from 22 satellites in the Tianmu-1 constellation, and systematically compares and verifies them with multi-source reference data to comprehensively evaluate their retrieval accuracy. These preliminary works have achieved encouraging results, indicating that the Tianmu-1 GNSS-R sea surface wind speed product not only has good consistency within the conventional wind speed range, but also maintains RMSE below 1.5m/s compared to the ERA5 reference wind speed. Under extreme wind speed conditions, it also has the ability to monitor typhoons. The Tianmu-1 GNSS-R cyclone wind speed product can still maintain good correlation with reference data, with a maximum CC of 0.9. The soil moisture product retrieved by Tianmu-1 shows stability in the low latitude region and has a high correlation with the ground observation network (ISMN) data, with CC values above 0.7, enabling high spatiotemporal accuracy perception of shallow soil moisture. In addition, this article also explores the performance differences and complementary advantages between the Tianmu-1 constellation and platforms such as Cyclone GNSS (CYGNSS), Fengyun-3 (FY-3), L-band radiometer, scatterometer, and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), laying the foundation for future multi-source fusion remote sensing. © 1980-2012 IEEE.", "publicationTitle": "IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2026", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1109/TGRS.2026.3653883", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105028431930&doi=10.1109%2FTGRS.2026.3653883&partnerID=40&md5=a96be741fa9f09f299acaa1fea1c7bc2", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "Scopus", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "%moisture" }, { "tag": "Communication satellites" }, { "tag": "Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflectometry (GNSS-R)" }, { "tag": "Global Navigation Satellite Systems" }, { "tag": "Global navigation satellite system-reflectometry" }, { "tag": "Global positioning system" }, { "tag": "Meteorological instruments" }, { "tag": "Multi-Sources" }, { "tag": "Orbits" }, { "tag": "Performances evaluation" }, { "tag": "Radio navigation" }, { "tag": "Reference data" }, { "tag": "Reflection" }, { "tag": "Reflectometers" }, { "tag": "Reflectometry" }, { "tag": "Salinity measurement" }, { "tag": "Sea-surface wind speed" }, { "tag": "Soil moisture" }, { "tag": "Soil surveys" }, { "tag": "Space-based radar" }, { "tag": "Storms" }, { "tag": "Synthetic aperture radar" }, { "tag": "Tianmu-1" }, { "tag": "Weather satellites" }, { "tag": "Wind" }, { "tag": "Wind speed" }, { "tag": "sea surface wind speed" }, { "tag": "soil moisture" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-02-26T13:04:11Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-26T13:04:11Z" } }, { "key": "VU5D5MK7", "version": 495, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 327288, "name": "Radio occultation 1990-", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/327288/items/VU5D5MK7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-/items/VU5D5MK7", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/327288/items/ZWUTJ2JA", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 8722512, "username": "mclachlans", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mclachlans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "VU5D5MK7", "version": 495, "parentItem": "ZWUTJ2JA", "itemType": "note", "note": "

Export Date: 26 February 2026; Cited By: 0

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-02-26T13:04:11Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-26T13:04:11Z" } }, { "key": "694BGAMU", "version": 495, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 327288, "name": "Radio occultation 1990-", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/327288/items/694BGAMU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-/items/694BGAMU", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 8722512, "username": "mclachlans", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mclachlans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Makuch and Rohm", "parsedDate": "2026-01-15", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "694BGAMU", "version": 495, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "LEO satellites simulation for GNSS tomography", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sebastian", "lastName": "Makuch" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Witold", "lastName": "Rohm" } ], "abstractNote": "Low Earth orbit satellite constellations can improve Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) tomography, particularly over regions without dense ground-based networks. This work presents a simulation framework for orbit propagation and radio occultation (RO) event detection, validated against one year of data (2022) from two constellations: COSMIC-2 and SPIRE. For the six-satellite COSMIC-2 constellation, the method overestimates the annual RO count by only 3.4 % (2,128,749 simulated vs. 2,059,353 observed), and the simulated tangent-point locations deviate by 50–100km—an accuracy sufficient for tomography voxel sizes of roughly 50 × 50km. The same approach predicts 3,091,286 events for SPIRE, whereas the actual recorded total is 466,496, reflecting operational constraints that remain unmodeled. Two hypothetical constellations are also assessed. In a single-plane arrangement (“String of Pearls”) of 16 satellites, global coverage over a period of 24h increases from 2.58 % (one satellite) to 33.12 %, with regional coverage over Europe rising from 2.64 % to 35.43 %. A multiplane configuration of 16 satellites yields a similar maximum global coverage of 32.91 % but distributes observations more evenly, reaching 35.70 % coverage over Europe. Two primary directions for future work emerge. First, including atmospheric refraction effects in the simulation would reduce the discrepancy in tangent-point location, which is particularly important in regions where signal bending is large. Second, incorporating satellite-specific operational constraints (such as duty cycles or power limits) is key to accurately replicating commercial constellation performance.", "publicationTitle": "Advances in Space Research", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2026-01-15", "volume": "77", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1872-1887", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Advances in Space Research", "DOI": "10.1016/j.asr.2025.11.008", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S027311772501292X", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0273-1177", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "GNSS tomography" }, { "tag": "LEO satellites" }, { "tag": "Radio occultation simulation" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-02-26T13:04:11Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-26T13:04:11Z" } }, { "key": "FR8364ZM", "version": 495, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 327288, "name": "Radio occultation 1990-", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/327288/items/FR8364ZM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-/items/FR8364ZM", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/327288/items/FCXP7Q3T", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 8722512, "username": "mclachlans", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mclachlans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "FR8364ZM", "version": 495, "parentItem": "FCXP7Q3T", "itemType": "note", "note": "

Export Date: 26 February 2026; Cited By: 0

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-02-26T13:04:11Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-26T13:04:11Z" } }, { "key": "ZWUTJ2JA", "version": 495, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 327288, "name": "Radio occultation 1990-", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/327288/items/ZWUTJ2JA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-/items/ZWUTJ2JA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 8722512, "username": "mclachlans", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mclachlans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Wang and Yang", "parsedDate": "2026", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "ZWUTJ2JA", "version": 495, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Planetary Boundary Layer Structure as the Primary Driver of Simulated Impact Multipath in GNSS Radio Occultation", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L.", "lastName": "Wang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Yang" } ], "abstractNote": "Highlights: What are the main findings? Approximately 36% of COSMIC-2 RO profiles exhibit simulated impact multipath (SIM). More than 70% of SIM cases occur within 0.5 km above the diagnosed planetary boundary layer (PBL) top. What are the implications of the main findings? A clear relationship is revealed between SIM and the strong vertical gradients near PBL structures. SIM-based quality control reduces bending angle biases by more than 50%; therefore, the retained dataset better represents the true atmospheric structure. Simulated impact multipath (SIM) occurs when forward operators propagate Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultation (RO) signals through strongly nonspherical atmospheric structures, producing multivalued bending angles that cannot be assimilated directly. In this study, the relationships between SIM and planetary boundary layer (PBL) structures were quantified using COSMIC-2 RO observations and ERA5 reanalysis during two periods (January and July 2022). The results show that SIM affects ~36% of RO profiles, with more than 70% of cases occurring within 0.5 km above the diagnosed PBL top. By defining the simulated impact multipath height (SIMH) as the first detection level of SIM, we found that discarding data below the SIMH reduces bending angle biases by more than half and substantially decreases their scatter. These results provide direct physical evidence linking SIM to strong vertical gradients near PBL structures and establish a quantitative basis for simple, effective quality control, thereby improving weather prediction, particularly in the data-sparse tropical lower troposphere. © 2026 by the authors.", "publicationTitle": "Remote Sensing", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2026", "volume": "18", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.3390/rs18020352", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105029018315&doi=10.3390%2Frs18020352&partnerID=40&md5=5d69c16f3e02f10cbfc5f9593f7affd9", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "Scopus", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Atmospheric structure" }, { "tag": "Boundary layer flow" }, { "tag": "Boundary layers" }, { "tag": "Cosmology" }, { "tag": "GNSS RO" }, { "tag": "Global Navigation Satellite Systems" }, { "tag": "Global navigation satellite system radio occultation" }, { "tag": "Global positioning system" }, { "tag": "Horizontal gradients" }, { "tag": "Multipath" }, { "tag": "Multipath propagation" }, { "tag": "Radio" }, { "tag": "Radio navigation" }, { "tag": "Radio occultation ray path" }, { "tag": "Radio occultations" }, { "tag": "Ray paths" }, { "tag": "Simulated impact multipath" }, { "tag": "Vertical and horizontal gradient of refractivity" }, { "tag": "Vertical gradients" }, { "tag": "radio occultation ray paths" }, { "tag": "simulated impact multipath" }, { "tag": "vertical and horizontal gradients of refractivity" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-02-26T13:04:11Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-26T13:04:11Z" } }, { "key": "FCXP7Q3T", "version": 495, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 327288, "name": "Radio occultation 1990-", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/327288/items/FCXP7Q3T", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-/items/FCXP7Q3T", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 8722512, "username": "mclachlans", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mclachlans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Tan et al.", "parsedDate": "2026", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "FCXP7Q3T", "version": 495, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Global Validation and Characterization of the Ionospheric Bottomside Thickness (B0) Using Fengyun-3 Radio Occultation Observations", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G.", "lastName": "Tan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "W.", "lastName": "Bai" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "X.", "lastName": "Meng" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Y.", "lastName": "Sun" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Q.", "lastName": "Du" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "X.", "lastName": "Wang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C.", "lastName": "Liu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Xia" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P.", "lastName": "Hu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C.", "lastName": "Yin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "F.", "lastName": "Huang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.", "lastName": "Wu" } ], "abstractNote": "The bottomside thickness parameter (B0) is a critical component for accurately representing electron density profiles in the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model. This study presents a comprehensive validation and global analysis of B0 derived from the Fengyun-3 (FY-3) GNSS radio occultation (RO) mission during the high solar activity period of 2022–2024. By integrating observations from the FY-3 constellation, this work effectively complements the data coverage of FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 (F7/C2) by extending analysis to mid- and high-latitude regions. Validation against global digisonde measurements demonstrates that FY-3 derived B0 achieves high reliability, yielding correlation coefficients exceeding 0.86 and an RMSE of approximately 20 km in low and mid-latitudes. Comparisons with three IRI-2020 model options reveal that the ABT-2009 option offers the best overall agreement with observations, particularly in reproducing hemispheric asymmetries, whereas the Gul-1987 and Bil-2000 options exhibit notable deficiencies in capturing geomagnetic modulation and spatial variability. Global morphological analysis identifies a synchronized but inversely correlated relationship between B0 and peak electron density (NmF2) in the equatorial ionization anomaly region. Furthermore, distinct longitudinal structures are observed, characterized by wavenumber-4 patterns during equinoxes, and wavenumber-2 and -3 patterns during summer and winter solstices, respectively. In high latitudes, observations suggest a B0 enhancement near the South Magnetic Pole during the Southern Hemisphere winter, which likely reflects the influence of geomagnetic control. These findings confirm the utility of FY-3 RO data for characterizing the global ionosphere and offer valuable constraints for future refinements of the IRI model. © 2008-2012 IEEE.", "publicationTitle": "IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2026", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1109/JSTARS.2026.3657049", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105028485215&doi=10.1109%2FJSTARS.2026.3657049&partnerID=40&md5=0d92f06613ef5c0715c665892c221386", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "Scopus", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Bottomside thickness parameter" }, { "tag": "FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 (F7/C2)" }, { "tag": "Fengyun-3(FY-3)" }, { "tag": "High solar activity" }, { "tag": "International Reference Ionosphere (IRI-2020)" }, { "tag": "Ionospheric radio occultation (IRO)" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-02-26T13:04:11Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-26T13:04:11Z" } }, { "key": "7RUK3U4Q", "version": 495, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 327288, "name": "Radio occultation 1990-", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/327288/items/7RUK3U4Q", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/radio_occultation_1990-/items/7RUK3U4Q", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 8722512, "username": "mclachlans", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mclachlans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Munro et al.", "parsedDate": "2026-02-09", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "7RUK3U4Q", "version": 495, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "EUMETSAT Polar System - Second Generation: Continuation of Observations and Advancing Applications from Low Earth Orbit", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rosemary", "lastName": "Munro" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bojan", "lastName": "Bojkov" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Fran Martinez", "lastName": "Fadrique" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Paul", "lastName": "Counet" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rasmus", "lastName": "Lindstrot" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Philipp", "lastName": "Köhler" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nan", "lastName": "Hao" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christopher", "lastName": "Diekmann" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bertrand", "lastName": "Fougnie" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Margarita Vazquez", "lastName": "Navarro" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Soheila", "lastName": "Jafariserajehlou" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Loredana", "lastName": "Spezzi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alessio", "lastName": "Bozzo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Pepe", "lastName": "Phillips" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dorothee", "lastName": "Coppens" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bertrand", "lastName": "Theodore" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marc", "lastName": "Crapeau" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stefan", "lastName": "Stapelberg" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jonas", "lastName": "Wilzewski" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jose-Luis", "lastName": "Villaescusa-Nadal" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mounir", "lastName": "Lekouara" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Maurizio De", "lastName": "Bartolomei" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ali", "lastName": "Mousivand" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christoph Straif", "lastName": "Francesc" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lucas", "lastName": "Carbo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sebastien", "lastName": "Wagner" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Johannes", "lastName": "Müller" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rebeca Gutierrez", "lastName": "Lopez" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Estelle", "lastName": "Obligis" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stefanie", "lastName": "Linow" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Craig", "lastName": "Anderson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Simon Kok", "lastName": "Lupemba" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christophe", "lastName": "Accadia" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Vinia", "lastName": "Mattioli" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Francesco De", "lastName": "Angelis" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Felix", "lastName": "Bosco" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robin", "lastName": "Ekelund" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jörg", "lastName": "Ackermann" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Imke", "lastName": "Krizek" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sabatino Di", "lastName": "Michele" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christian", "lastName": "Marquardt" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Axel Von", "lastName": "Engeln" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Riccardo", "lastName": "Notarpietro" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Saverio", "lastName": "Paolella" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Francisco", "lastName": "Sancho" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sauli", "lastName": "Joro" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alessandro", "lastName": "Burini" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Andi", "lastName": "Walther" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kevin", "lastName": "Barbieux" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Thierry", "lastName": "Marbach" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Giordano", "lastName": "Bruni" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christopher", "lastName": "Lee" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alexander", "lastName": "Gerling" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stefan", "lastName": "Remus" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Massimo", "lastName": "Labriola" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michael", "lastName": "Deiml" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Davide", "lastName": "Castellazzi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michela", "lastName": "Sunda" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Carlos", "lastName": "Mas" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Riccardo", "lastName": "Mecozzi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Richard", "lastName": "Dyer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Peter", "lastName": "Schlüssel" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tim", "lastName": "Hultberg" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kenneth", "lastName": "Holmlund" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Graeme", "lastName": "Mason" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marc", "lastName": "Loiselet" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Fermin Alvarez", "lastName": "Lopez" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Enrico", "lastName": "Corpaccioli" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Luca Salghetti", "lastName": "Drioli" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Didier", "lastName": "Martin" } ], "abstractNote": "EUMETSAT successfully launched the first satellite of the EUMETSAT Polar System - Second Generation (EPS-SG), developed as a collaborative programme between EUMETSAT and ESA, on 13 August 2025 at 00:37:50 (UTC) on an Ariane 62 launcher. EPS-SG is Europe′s contribution to the NOAA-EUMETSAT Joint Polar System, continuing and expanding mid-morning orbit observations provided by the Metop satellites. EPS-SG comprises three satellites collecting optical imaging and sounding observations (Metop-SGA) and three satellites collecting active and passive microwave observations (Metop-SGB) deployed in pairs, each satellite with a 7.5 year design lifetime, including 6 months for commissioning. In addition to providing improved legacy observations with the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer - New Generation (IASI–NG), METeorological imager (METimage, MicroWave Sounder (MWS), and Radio Occultation (RO) instruments, the Metop-SGA satellites will carry the Multi-viewing Multi-channel Multi-polarisation Imager (3MI), a passive polarimeter for monitoring atmospheric aerosol and clouds, and the Copernicus Sentinel-5 UV/Vis/NIR/SWIR (UVNS) Sounding instrument, provided by ESA and the European Commission, measuring trace gases and aerosols. The Metop-SGB satellites will continue observations of ocean vector wind fields with the SCAtterometer (SCA), also host a RO instrument, and carry the MicroWave Imager (MWI) for monitoring precipitation, temperature, clouds, water vapor, sea ice and snow cover. Metop-SGB will also provide novel observations with the Ice Cloud Imager (ICI), covering sub-millimetre wavelengths for global observations of ice clouds. Finally, Metop-SGB will in addition carry the Advanced Data Collection System, Argos-4, contributing to the Argos worldwide location and data collection system. This paper describes these instruments, outlines the related products and services and addresses the evolution of further applications.", "publicationTitle": "Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society", "publisher": "American Meteorological Society", "place": "", "date": "2026/02/09", "volume": "-1", "issue": "aop", "section": "Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1175/BAMS-D-24-0307.1", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/bams/aop/BAMS-D-24-0307.1/BAMS-D-24-0307.1.xml", "accessDate": "2026-02-26T13:00:40Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0003-0007, 1520-0477", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "EUMETSAT Polar System - Second Generation", "language": "EN", "libraryCatalog": "journals.ametsoc.org", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-02-26T13:04:11Z", "dateModified": "2026-02-26T13:04:11Z" } } ]