[ { "key": "WIX35JHU", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 32418, "name": "cc critiques", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cc_critiques", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/32418/items/WIX35JHU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cc_critiques/items/WIX35JHU", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 425413, "username": "hfordsa", "name": "Heather Ford", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/hfordsa", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "McCann", "parsedDate": "2005", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "WIX35JHU", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Enclosure without and within the ‘information commons’", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Anthony", "lastName": "McCann" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Information & Communications Technology Law", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2005", "volume": "14", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "217", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1080/13600830500376972", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/13600830500376972", "accessDate": "2010-11-29T16:10:12Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1360-0834", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Informaworld", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/31615/items/7MBSIW7X" }, "dateAdded": "2010-11-29T16:12:17Z", "dateModified": "2010-11-29T16:12:17Z" } }, { "key": "5948DW7X", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 32418, "name": "cc critiques", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cc_critiques", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/32418/items/5948DW7X", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cc_critiques/items/5948DW7X", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 425413, "username": "hfordsa", "name": "Heather Ford", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/hfordsa", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Berry", "parsedDate": "2005", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "5948DW7X", "version": 1, "itemType": "magazineArticle", "title": "On the “Creative Commons”: a critique of the commons without commonalty", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David M", "lastName": "Berry" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Free Software Magazine", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2005 07 15", "volume": "", "issue": "5", "pages": "", "ISSN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.freesoftwaremagazine.com/articles/commons_without_commonality", "accessDate": "2010-11-29T04:49:38Z", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "CC BY SA 3,0", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-11-29T04:49:38Z", "dateModified": "2010-11-29T04:51:07Z" } }, { "key": "MJRD44J4", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 32418, "name": "cc critiques", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cc_critiques", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/32418/items/MJRD44J4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cc_critiques/items/MJRD44J4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 425413, "username": "hfordsa", "name": "Heather Ford", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/hfordsa", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Elkin-Koren", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "MJRD44J4", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "What Contracts Can't Do: The Limits of Private Ordering in Facilitating a Creative Commons", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Niva", "lastName": "Elkin-Koren" } ], "abstractNote": "ommons is a non-profit U.S. based organization that operates a licensing platform to promote free use of creative works. The idea is to facilitate the release of creative works under generous license terms that would make works available for sharing and reuse. Creative Commons advocates the use of copyrights in a rather subversive way that would ultimately change their meaning. The paper expresses a skeptical view of this worthy pursuit. While I share Creative Commons' concern with copyright fundamentalism, which inevitably leads to the propertization of everything of value, I am more skeptical of its strategy. The paper explores the legal strategy of Creative Commons and analyzes its potential for enhancing the sharing, distribution and (re)use of creative works. Creative Commons as a social movement creates a platform for a wide range of ideologies that share an interest in enhancing access to works. This turns out to be a great advantage for a social movement that is seeking to gain a wider public support. Creative Commons' legal strategy reflects the lowest common denominator: empowering owners to govern their creative works. At the same time, however, Creative Commons lacks a comprehensive vision of the information society and a shared definition of the prerequisites for open access to creative works. The end result is ideological fuzziness. The paper examines the strategic choice of Creative Commons to rely on property rights in its effort to subvert the meaning of copyright. The analysis shows that reliance on property rights, in the absence of a shared sense of free access, may simply strengthen the proprietary regime in creative works. It may reinforce the property discourse as a conceptual framework and as a regulatory scheme for governing the use of information. The fuzziness of ideology may further lead to the proliferation of contracts. Creative Commons' strategy presupposes that minimizing external information costs is critical for enhancing access to creative works. The lack of standardization increases, however, the cost of accessing creative works, and may further enhance the chilling effect of copyright law. The paper argues that creating an alternative to copyright may require standardization. To become successful, Creative Commons would have to trade the sovereignty of owners for the reduction of transaction cost that would enhance access to creative works.", "publicationTitle": "SSRN eLibrary", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=760906", "accessDate": "2010-11-29T04:48:52Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "What Contracts Can't Do", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "SSRN", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "contracts", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "copyright", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "creative commons", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "intellectual property", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "private ordering", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-11-29T04:48:52Z", "dateModified": "2010-11-29T04:48:52Z" } }, { "key": "IKAGZA48", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 32418, "name": "cc critiques", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cc_critiques", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/32418/items/IKAGZA48", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cc_critiques/items/IKAGZA48", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 425413, "username": "hfordsa", "name": "Heather Ford", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/hfordsa", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hill", "parsedDate": "2005", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "IKAGZA48", "version": 1, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Towards a Standard of Freedom: Creative Commons and the Free Software Movement", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Benjamin Mako", "lastName": "Hill" } ], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "2005 06 29", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://mako.cc/writing/toward_a_standard_of_freedom.html", "accessDate": "2010-11-29T04:46:36Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "CC Sharealike license", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-11-29T04:46:36Z", "dateModified": "2010-11-29T04:47:32Z" } }, { "key": "BB9GKVRP", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 32418, "name": "cc critiques", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cc_critiques", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/32418/items/BB9GKVRP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cc_critiques/items/BB9GKVRP", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 425413, "username": "hfordsa", "name": "Heather Ford", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/hfordsa", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Berry and Moss", "parsedDate": "2006-09-04", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BB9GKVRP", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The politics of the libre commons", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David M", "lastName": "Berry" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Giles", "lastName": "Moss" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "First Monday", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2006-09-04", "volume": "11", "issue": "9", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/viewArticle/1403/1321", "accessDate": "2010-11-27T19:33:23Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Copyright David M. Berry, 2006 - GNU FDL", "extra": "This paper examines the history of the Creative Commons and considers the realization of free culture through the creation of a radical democratic project.", "tags": [ { "tag": "open source, free culture, free software, radical democracy, capitalism, information", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/31615/items/3ZGZ66MP" }, "dateAdded": "2010-11-29T04:41:29Z", "dateModified": "2010-11-29T04:45:28Z" } }, { "key": "ZQTTM77D", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 32418, "name": "cc critiques", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cc_critiques", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/32418/items/ZQTTM77D", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cc_critiques/items/ZQTTM77D", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 425413, "username": "hfordsa", "name": "Heather Ford", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/hfordsa", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Loren", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ZQTTM77D", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Building a Reliable Semicommons of Creative Works: Enforcement of Creative Commons Licenses and Limited Abandonment of Copyright", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lydia Pallas", "lastName": "Loren" } ], "abstractNote": "ying purpose of the Copyright Act, as stated in the Constitution, is to promote the progress of knowledge and learning. Today, the complexities surrounding copyright law confront millions of users of creative works who find it difficult to determine whether a work is subject to copyright protection, difficult to understand what they can and cannot do with these works, and difficult to locate the copyright owner. These high transaction costs facing users create an impediment to the achievement of copyright's constitutional goal. The Creative Commons offers tools embraced by millions of copyright owners to provide clear public use rights broader than those provided by the Copyright Act. This article posits that by selecting to employ the Creative Commons tools, copyright owners are placing their works into a semicommons status. Property that has a semicommons status embodies both important private rights and important public rights that dynamically interact. Creative works with a semicommons status can facilitate the very progress that copyright law is designed to serve. Thus, this article argues that courts should facilitate the growth of this semicommons of creative works by enhancing the reliability of both the private rights that the copyright owners have retained in these works, as well as the reliability of the public rights that the copyright owners have signaled exist through the use of the Creative Commons tools. Enforcing the private use rights requires appropriately recognizing both copyright infringement claims and breach of contract claims. Enhancing the reliability of the public use rights requires prohibiting a retraction of those rights by the copyright owner, including any attempt at terminating the grant pursuant to provisions contained in the Copyright Act. This article proposes that courts embrace a doctrine of limited abandonment of copyright to clarify the nature of the public rights in works released under Creative Commons licenses and to enhance the overall reliability, and hence value, of the semicommons of creative works.", "publicationTitle": "SSRN eLibrary", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=957939&rec=1&srcabs=885466", "accessDate": "2010-11-27T19:23:27Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Building a Reliable Semicommons of Creative Works", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "SSRN", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Abandonment", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "License", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "copyright", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "creative commons", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/31615/items/NTWWVTD7" }, "dateAdded": "2010-11-29T04:41:29Z", "dateModified": "2010-11-29T04:41:29Z" } }, { "key": "66JV38J4", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 32418, "name": "cc critiques", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cc_critiques", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/32418/items/66JV38J4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cc_critiques/items/66JV38J4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 425413, "username": "hfordsa", "name": "Heather Ford", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/hfordsa", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Downes", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "66JV38J4", "version": 1, "itemType": "blogPost", "title": "What's Wrong With Creative Commons ~ Stephen's Web", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stephen", "lastName": "Downes" } ], "abstractNote": "", "blogTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.downes.ca/post/54161", "accessDate": "2010-11-27T19:16:47Z", "ISSN": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/31615/items/Q6T5AKFV" }, "dateAdded": "2010-11-29T04:41:29Z", "dateModified": "2010-11-29T04:41:29Z" } }, { "key": "TA6BB53N", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 32418, "name": "cc critiques", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cc_critiques", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/32418/items/TA6BB53N", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cc_critiques/items/TA6BB53N", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 425413, "username": "hfordsa", "name": "Heather Ford", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/hfordsa", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Elkin-Koren", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "TA6BB53N", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Creative Commons: A Skeptical View of a Worthy Pursuit", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Niva", "lastName": "Elkin-Koren" } ], "abstractNote": "examines the legal strategy of Creative Commons and analyzes its potential for enhancing the sharing, distribution and reuse of creative works. The paper focuses on Creative Commons's strategic choice to rely on property rights and on viral contracts to promote free culture. While I share Creative Commons's concern with copyright fundamentalism, I am more skeptical of its strategy. The legal strategy which empowers owners to govern their creative works facilitates a far-reaching coalition among libertarians and anarchists, anti-market activists and free-market advocates. While such an ideological diversity might serve the political goals of a social movement, it may compromise the long term goal of making creative works more accessible. The lack of a core perception of 'freedom in information', may lead to ideological fuzziness that would weaken the prospects for constructing a workable and sustainable alternative to copyright. Furthermore, absent a commitment to a comprehensive standard of 'freedom in information', Creative Commons's defining principles are reduced to empowering authors to govern their own work. The paper predicts that this strategy may strengthen the proprietary regime in information.", "publicationTitle": "SSRN eLibrary", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=885466", "accessDate": "2010-11-27T19:19:02Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Creative Commons", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "SSRN", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "access to knowledge", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "contracts", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "copyright", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "creative commons", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "freedom in information", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "information policy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "licensing", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "property", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/31615/items/VMQUSFSC" }, "dateAdded": "2010-11-29T04:41:29Z", "dateModified": "2010-11-29T04:41:29Z" } } ]