Johns Hopkins Studies in Development
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-13T23:53:24Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-13T23:53:24Z" } }, { "key": "GC5ABB3C", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 323969, "name": "African Archaeology", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/african_archaeology", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/323969/items/GC5ABB3C", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/african_archaeology/items/GC5ABB3C", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/323969/items/5U2M9HXU", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2283453, "username": "katixchan", "name": "Katelin Smith", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/katixchan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "GC5ABB3C", "version": 2, "parentItem": "5U2M9HXU", "itemType": "note", "note": "Author Affiliation: Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-13T23:53:24Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-13T23:53:24Z" } }, { "key": "37IEUEAQ", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 323969, "name": "African Archaeology", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/african_archaeology", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/323969/items/37IEUEAQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/african_archaeology/items/37IEUEAQ", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/323969/items/QWD9JDNR", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2283453, "username": "katixchan", "name": "Katelin Smith", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/katixchan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "37IEUEAQ", "version": 2, "parentItem": "QWD9JDNR", "itemType": "note", "note": "fig. 8
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-13T23:53:24Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-13T23:53:24Z" } }, { "key": "KUUIZC7D", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 323969, "name": "African Archaeology", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/african_archaeology", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/323969/items/KUUIZC7D", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/african_archaeology/items/KUUIZC7D", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/323969/items/QWD9JDNR", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2283453, "username": "katixchan", "name": "Katelin Smith", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/katixchan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "KUUIZC7D", "version": 2, "parentItem": "QWD9JDNR", "itemType": "note", "note": "Author Affiliation: Museum d'Histoire naturelle, Paris.
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-13T23:53:24Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-13T23:53:24Z" } }, { "key": "AQ7U5SNW", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 323969, "name": "African Archaeology", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/african_archaeology", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/323969/items/AQ7U5SNW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/african_archaeology/items/AQ7U5SNW", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2283453, "username": "katixchan", "name": "Katelin Smith", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/katixchan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Clark", "parsedDate": "1962-07", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "AQ7U5SNW", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Spread of Food Production in Sub-Saharan Africa", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J. Desmond", "lastName": "Clark" } ], "abstractNote": "After the end of the Pleistocene, sub-Saharan Africa seems to have been more receptive of than contributory to cultural progress in the Old World as a whole. By that time favourable localities in the subcontinent—the margins of lakes and watercourses, the sea coasts, the peripheral regions of the equatorial forest—were sometimes supporting nearly, or entirely, sedentary communities of hunting-collecting peoples who were enabled to live in this way due to the permanent presence of one or more staple sources of food: freshwater fish, water animals and plants, and sea foods; and forest foods (the Dioscoreas, Elaeis guineensis, and other oil-bearing plants), either perennial or capable of being stored. Evidence of such occupation is seen in the midden accumulations in both cave and open sites at this time. Populations could thus become more concentrated and an increase in density may be inferred, the limiting factor being the maximum that any one environment could support by intensified collecting methods (fig. I).", "publicationTitle": "The Journal of African History", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "July 1962", "volume": "3", "issue": "02", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "211–228", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1017/S0021853700003042", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://journals.cambridge.org/article_S0021853700003042", "accessDate": "2015-02-12T03:29:16Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1469-5138", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Cambridge Journals Online", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-13T23:53:24Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-13T23:53:24Z" } }, { "key": "2V4D8AH2", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 323969, "name": "African Archaeology", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/african_archaeology", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/323969/items/2V4D8AH2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/african_archaeology/items/2V4D8AH2", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2283453, "username": "katixchan", "name": "Katelin Smith", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/katixchan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Davies", "parsedDate": "1968-12-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "2V4D8AH2", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Origins of Agriculture in West Africa", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Oliver", "lastName": "Davies" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Current Anthropology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "December 1, 1968", "volume": "9", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "479-482", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Current Anthropology", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/2740493", "accessDate": "2015-02-11T04:50:43Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0011-3204", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "JSTOR", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Copyright © 1968 The University of Chicago Press", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-13T23:53:24Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-13T23:53:24Z" } }, { "key": "JMM3XXZ9", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 323969, "name": "African Archaeology", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/african_archaeology", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/323969/items/JMM3XXZ9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/african_archaeology/items/JMM3XXZ9", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2283453, "username": "katixchan", "name": "Katelin Smith", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/katixchan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Mattingly", "parsedDate": "2013-06", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "JMM3XXZ9", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The first towns in the central Sahara", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D. J.Sterry, M.", "lastName": "Mattingly" } ], "abstractNote": "At first sight Saharan oases appear unlikely locations for the development of early urban communities. Recent survey work has, however, discovered evidence for complex settlements of the late first millennium BC and early first millennium AD, surrounded and supported by intensive agricultural zones. These settlements, despite their relatively modest size, satisfy the criteria to be considered as towns. The argument presented here not only presents the evidence for their urban status but also argues that it was not agriculture but trade that conjured them into existence. Without the development of trans-Saharan trade, these complex oasis communities would have been unsustainable, and their subsequent economic fortunes were directly linked to the fluctuating scale and direction of that trade.", "publicationTitle": "Antiquity", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "June 2013", "volume": "87", "issue": "336", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "503-518", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Antiquity", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rlh&AN=88163237&site=ehost-live", "accessDate": "2015-02-11T04:54:07Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0003598X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "ARCHAEOLOGY -- Africa, Sub-Saharan", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "CITIES & towns -- Africa, Sub-Saharan", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "FEZZAN (Libya)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "GARAMANTES (African people)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "IRRIGATION", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "SAHARA", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-13T23:53:24Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-13T23:53:24Z" } }, { "key": "MM9TWPBS", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 323969, "name": "African Archaeology", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/african_archaeology", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/323969/items/MM9TWPBS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/african_archaeology/items/MM9TWPBS", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2283453, "username": "katixchan", "name": "Katelin Smith", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/katixchan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Stemler", "parsedDate": "1980", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "MM9TWPBS", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Origins of plant domestication in the Sahara and the Nile Valley.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A. B. L.", "lastName": "Stemler" } ], "abstractNote": "African agriculture is based on crops domesticated both in Africa and in southwest Asia. Barley and wheat were domesticated in southwestern Asia and introduced to Egypt around 4000 B.C. Direct archaeological evidence of domesticated forms of native African grasses appears only in relatively recent times. Domesticated Pennisetum is dated to c. 1000 B.C. and Sorghum to c. 245 A.D.", "publicationTitle": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1980", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "pp. 503-526", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "CABDirect2", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "CABI - CAB Abstracts", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-13T23:53:24Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-13T23:53:24Z" } }, { "key": "TJ6IJIEQ", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 323969, "name": "African Archaeology", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/african_archaeology", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/323969/items/TJ6IJIEQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/african_archaeology/items/TJ6IJIEQ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2283453, "username": "katixchan", "name": "Katelin Smith", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/katixchan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hugot", "parsedDate": "1968-12-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "TJ6IJIEQ", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Origins of Agriculture: Sahara", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H. J.", "lastName": "Hugot" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Current Anthropology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "December 1, 1968", "volume": "9", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "483-488", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Current Anthropology", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.uta.edu/stable/2740494", "accessDate": "2015-02-11T04:40:54Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0011-3204", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The Origins of Agriculture", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "JSTOR", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Copyright © 1968 The University of Chicago Press", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-13T23:53:24Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-13T23:53:24Z" } }, { "key": "5U2M9HXU", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 323969, "name": "African Archaeology", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/african_archaeology", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/323969/items/5U2M9HXU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/african_archaeology/items/5U2M9HXU", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2283453, "username": "katixchan", "name": "Katelin Smith", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/katixchan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Sanders et al.", "parsedDate": "1996", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "5U2M9HXU", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The economics of agricultural technology in semiarid sub-Saharan Africa.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J. H.", "lastName": "Sanders" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B. I.", "lastName": "Shapiro" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Ramaswamy" } ], "abstractNote": "An analysis is made of the past and potential performance of new agricultural technologies for sub-Saharan Africa, whilst focusing on four main problems: gauging the success of agricultural technology introduced into the region; identifying common patterns of technology successes or failures that lead to a new strategy for technology development; the strength of the strategy when compared with evolution of past experiences; and the role of public and private sectors in the introduction of new technologies. The majority of the fieldwork and subsequent modelling was undertaken in Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, and Sudan. The 12 chapters are divided into five sections under the following headings: the framework; technology development for specific regions looking at new technologies, combining soil and water improvements and plant breeding; critical research and planning issues for technology development; alternative strategies for disease control and livestock development; and conclusions.", "publicationTitle": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1996", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "xxiii + 303 pp.", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "CABDirect2", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "CABI - CAB Abstracts", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-13T23:53:24Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-13T23:53:24Z" } }, { "key": "CUX5JJ7M", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 323969, "name": "African Archaeology", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/african_archaeology", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/323969/items/CUX5JJ7M", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/african_archaeology/items/CUX5JJ7M", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2283453, "username": "katixchan", "name": "Katelin Smith", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/katixchan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hillman and Davies", "parsedDate": "1990-06-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "CUX5JJ7M", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Measured domestication rates in wild wheats and barley under primitive cultivation, and their archaeological implications", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gordon C.", "lastName": "Hillman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. Stuart", "lastName": "Davies" } ], "abstractNote": "Man's (or, more probably, Woman's) first cereal crops were sown from seed gathered from wild stands, and it was in the course of cultivation that domestication occurred. Experiments in the measurement of domestication rates indicate that in wild-type crops of einkorn, emmer, and barley under primitive systems of husbandry: (a) domestication will occur only if they are harvested when partially or nearly ripe, using specific harvesting methods; (b) exposure to shifting cultivation may sometimes have been required; and (c) under these conditions, the crops could become completely domesticated within 200 years, and perhaps only 20–30 years, without any conscious selection. This paper (a) considers possible delays in the start of domestication due to early crops of wild-type cereals lacking domestic-types mutants; (b) examines the husbandry practices necessary for these mutants to enjoy any selective advantage; (c) considers the state of ripeness at harvest necessary for the crops to respond to these selective pressures; (d) outlines field measurements of the selective intensities arising from analogous husbandry practices applied experimentally to living wild-type crops; (e) summarizes a mathematical model which incorporates the measured selective intensities and other key variables and which describes the rate of increase in domestic-type mutants in early populations of wild-type cereals under specific combinations of primitive husbandry practices; (f) considers why very early cultivators should have used those husbandry methods which, we suggest, led unconsciously to the domestication of wild wheats and barley; and (g) considers whether these events are likely to leave archaeologically recognizable traces.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of World Prehistory", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1990-06-01", "volume": "4", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "157-222", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J World Prehist", "DOI": "10.1007/BF00974763", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00974763", "accessDate": "2015-02-12T03:30:49Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0892-7537, 1573-7802", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "link.springer.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Anthropology/Archaeometry", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Archaeology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "agricultural origins", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "domestication rate", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "einkorn wheat", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "emmer wheat", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "selection pressures", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-13T23:53:24Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-13T23:53:24Z" } }, { "key": "2RUSJBDP", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 323969, "name": "African Archaeology", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/african_archaeology", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/323969/items/2RUSJBDP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/african_archaeology/items/2RUSJBDP", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2283453, "username": "katixchan", "name": "Katelin Smith", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/katixchan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Phillips", "parsedDate": "1959", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "2RUSJBDP", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Agriculture and ecology in Africa: a study of actual and potential development south of the Sahara.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Phillips" } ], "abstractNote": "The work is divided into five sections: (1) Scope, basis of approach and the background to the problems of agricultural and related development; (2) The forest bioclimatic region and its challenge and promise in regard to agricultural and related developments (including an outline of the general setting and nature of the forest region and its major ecological divisions, sub-regions and units); (3) The great wooded savanna and related bioclimatic regions and their challenge to and promise for agricultural and related development; (4) Problems of human and animal health and of economics and planning in agricultural and related development; and (5) General conclusions and suggestions. KEYWORDS: Land use \\ vegetation types \\ Africa South \\ the Sahara agriculture and ecology \\ Africa South \\ the Sahara", "publicationTitle": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1959", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "423 pp.", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "CABDirect2", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Agriculture and ecology in Africa", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "CABI - CAB Abstracts", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-13T23:53:10Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-13T23:53:10Z" } }, { "key": "MMEHD3ID", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 323969, "name": "African Archaeology", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/african_archaeology", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/323969/items/MMEHD3ID", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/african_archaeology/items/MMEHD3ID", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/323969/items/2RUSJBDP", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2283453, "username": "katixchan", "name": "Katelin Smith", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/katixchan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "MMEHD3ID", "version": 2, "parentItem": "2RUSJBDP", "itemType": "note", "note": "1 map
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-13T23:53:10Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-13T23:53:10Z" } }, { "key": "5F5WQ7K2", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 323969, "name": "African Archaeology", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/african_archaeology", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/323969/items/5F5WQ7K2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/african_archaeology/items/5F5WQ7K2", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/323969/items/2H5U8T4G", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2283453, "username": "katixchan", "name": "Katelin Smith", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/katixchan", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "5F5WQ7K2", "version": 2, "parentItem": "2H5U8T4G", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2015-01-22T22:17:38Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11951043", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-13T23:53:07Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-13T23:53:07Z" } }, { "key": "2H5U8T4G", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 323969, "name": "African Archaeology", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/african_archaeology", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/323969/items/2H5U8T4G", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/african_archaeology/items/2H5U8T4G", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2283453, "username": "katixchan", "name": "Katelin Smith", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/katixchan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hanotte et al.", "parsedDate": "2002-04-12", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "2H5U8T4G", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "African Pastoralism: Genetic Imprints of Origins and Migrations", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Olivier", "lastName": "Hanotte" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Daniel G.", "lastName": "Bradley" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Joel W.", "lastName": "Ochieng" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Yasmin", "lastName": "Verjee" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Emmeline W.", "lastName": "Hill" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J. Edward O.", "lastName": "Rege" } ], "abstractNote": "The genetic history of African cattle pastoralism is controversial and poorly understood. We reveal the genetic signatures of its origins, secondary movements, and differentiation through the study of 15 microsatellite loci in 50 indigenous cattle breeds spanning the present cattle distribution in Africa. The earliest cattle originated within the African continent, but Near East and European genetic influences are also identified. The initial expansion of African Bos taurus was likely from a single region of origin. It reached the southern part of the continent by following an eastern route rather than a western one. The B. indicus genetic influence shows a major entry point through the Horn and the East Coast of Africa and two modes of introgression into the continent.", "publicationTitle": "Science", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "04/12/2002", "volume": "296", "issue": "5566", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "336-339", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Science", "DOI": "10.1126/science.1069878", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencemag.org/content/296/5566/336", "accessDate": "2015-01-22T22:17:38Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0036-8075, 1095-9203", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "African Pastoralism", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.sciencemag.org", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 11951043", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-13T23:53:07Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-13T23:53:07Z" } } ]