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In Canada, in the absence of public programs and policy interventions, food banks are the only source of immediate assistance for households struggling to meet food needs, but there are many indications that this response is insufficient. The purpose of this study was to examine the factors that facilitate and limit food bank operations in five Canadian cities and appraise the potential of these initiatives to meet food needs. Methods: An inventory of charitable food provisioning in Halifax, Quebec City, Toronto, Edmonton, and Victoria, Canada was conducted in 2010. Of the 517 agencies that participated in a telephone survey of their operations, 340 were running grocery programs. Multivariate regression analyses were conducted to determine the association between program characteristics, volume of service, and indicators of strain in food banks' abilities to consistently achieve the standards of assistance they had established. Results: Extensive, well-established food bank activities were charted in each city, with the numbers of people assisted ranging from 7,111 in Halifax to 90,141 in Toronto per month. Seventy-two percent of agencies indicated that clients needed more food than they provided. The number of people served by any one agency in the course of a month was positively associated with the proportion of food distributed that came from donations (beta 0.0143, SE 0.0024, p 0.0041) and the number of volunteers working in the agency (beta 0.0630, SE 0.0159, p 0.0167). Food banks only achieved equilibrium between supply and demand when they contained demand through restrictions on client access. When access to assistance was less restricted, the odds of food banks running out of food and invoking measures to ration remaining supplies and restrict access rose significantly. Conclusions: Despite their extensive history, food banks in Canada remain dependent on donations and volunteers, with available resources quickly exhausted in the face of agencies' efforts to more fully meet clients' needs. Food banks have limited capacity to respond to the needs of those who seek assistance.", "publicationTitle": "Bmc Public Health", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "NOV 28 2014", "volume": "14", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1234", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1186/1471-2458-14-1234", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000346867300001", "tags": [], "collections": [ "K4CWAT7T" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-01-28T18:40:02Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-28T18:45:46Z" } }, { "key": "XTZIDTKG", "version": 9, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 323791, "name": "Food Pantries", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/food_pantries", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/323791/items/XTZIDTKG", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/food_pantries/items/XTZIDTKG", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 549269, "username": "CRFS", "name": "CRFS Project", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/crfs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "XTZIDTKG", "version": 9, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Bon Appetit! A process evaluation of a campus-based food bank.", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "The University of Ottawa Bon Appetit! food bank was established to protect students against food insecurity and hunger. The current study seeks to determine program outcomes through a review of services, initiatives, and activities offered to students. Surveys and semistructured interviews were used to collect information from the 3 levels of involvement: service recipients, program volunteers, and program coordinators. Results revealed adequate program satisfaction at all levels. However, insufficient communication of policy-related issues, poor dissemination of roles and responsibilities, and minimal documentation of best practices were also among the results found. Structural issues are discussed and recommendations are provided.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2011", "volume": "6", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "324-342", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1080/19320248.2011.597834", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "CABI:20113357913", "tags": [], "collections": [ "K4CWAT7T" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-01-28T18:40:02Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-28T18:40:02Z" } }, { "key": "3594R59K", "version": 8, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 323791, "name": "Food Pantries", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/food_pantries", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/323791/items/3594R59K", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/food_pantries/items/3594R59K", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 549269, "username": "CRFS", "name": "CRFS Project", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/crfs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "parsedDate": "2012-04", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "3594R59K", "version": 8, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Food insecurity is associated with poor social capital, perceived health, and perceived diet among adult food bank users in and around the lower mainland of British Columbia, Canada", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Faseb Journal", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "APR 2012", "volume": "26", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000310711301643", "tags": [], "collections": [ "K4CWAT7T" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-01-28T18:40:02Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-28T18:40:02Z" } }, { "key": "BCDETWDB", "version": 7, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 323791, "name": "Food Pantries", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/food_pantries", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/323791/items/BCDETWDB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/food_pantries/items/BCDETWDB", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 549269, "username": "CRFS", "name": "CRFS Project", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/crfs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "parsedDate": "2013", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BCDETWDB", "version": 7, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Characterizing food access in America: considering the role of emergency food pantries in areas without supermarkets.", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "This study provides a more comprehensive depiction of the environment in which low-income households and other vulnerable populations acquire and purchase food by considering access to emergency food pantries in areas lacking supermarkets. The locations of food pantries were mapped against the map of supermarkets in 47 states and the District of Columbia to identify local areas without supermarkets and the percentage of these areas that have a pantry. Local area population characteristics were used to define subgroups of areas based on poverty level and socioeconomic status of households. The study found that food pantries help to address food access limitations in a sizable percentage of area without supermarkets. About one quarter of census tracts with no supermarkets were found to have at least one food pantry. When considering only high-poverty tracts, 40% of areas without a supermarket had a pantry. The study also found that among areas without supermarkets, pantries tend to be located in areas with higher rates of poverty and lower socioeconomic status. These findings highlight the important role that pantries play in ensuring access to food for low-income American families and also underscore the importance of taking these programs into account when examining the extent of food access limitations.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2013", "volume": "8", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "310-323", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1080/19320248.2013.786663", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "CABI:20133327655", "tags": [], "collections": [ "K4CWAT7T" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-01-28T18:40:02Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-28T18:40:02Z" } }, { "key": "K2WRPGIA", "version": 6, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 323791, "name": "Food Pantries", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/food_pantries", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/323791/items/K2WRPGIA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/food_pantries/items/K2WRPGIA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 549269, "username": "CRFS", "name": "CRFS Project", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/crfs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "parsedDate": "2013", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "K2WRPGIA", "version": 6, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A case study of promoting nutrition and long-term food security through choice pantry development.", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "Food pantries were originally designed for temporary emergency food relief, but many families and individuals are becoming increasing reliant on them to meet their monthly food needs. Therefore, food pantries need to holistically address underlying causes of long-term food security. Choice food pantries allow for clients to choose their own food and can be organized in such a way to promote nutrition and food security. This article is a case study describing how a food policy council, initiated by a food bank, developed a choice pantry model that promoted nutrition by using MyPlate Food Groups and provided onsite ancillary services such food stamp outreach and referrals. The food policy council was also instrumental in developing food bank policies that offered an incentive and accountability system for choice pantry development.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2013", "volume": "8", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "324-336", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1080/19320248.2013.819475", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "CABI:20133327656", "tags": [], "collections": [ "K4CWAT7T" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-01-28T18:40:02Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-28T18:40:02Z" } }, { "key": "7KIFG2QI", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 323791, "name": "Food Pantries", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/food_pantries", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/323791/items/7KIFG2QI", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/food_pantries/items/7KIFG2QI", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 549269, "username": "CRFS", "name": "CRFS Project", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/crfs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "parsedDate": "2013", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "7KIFG2QI", "version": 5, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Banking on food: the state of food banks in high-income countries.", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "Food banks provide food to charities and other grassroots organisations for supporting vulnerable populations. As such, they tend to complement more institutionalised, state-provided safety net programmes. This paper is a first attempt to estimate the total number of people supported by food banks in high-income countries (HICs). The analysis shows that nearly 60 million people turn annually to food banks in 'rich' nations - that is, a level similar to the entire population of France or Italy and representing about 7.2 per cent of the HIC population. Such level could be considered a conservative estimate. This scenario suggests a number of implications for social protection policy, as well as opening new frontiers for food assistance practice, partnerships and applied research. The paper concludes that (i) the need for food banks will likely stay high or even increase further in the coming future; (ii) food bank models, activities and operations require further review, appraisal and documentation; (iii) debates should not confuse responses to and causes of poverty, food insecurity and socio-economic marginalisation; and (iv) the nature, context and objectives of food assistance in advanced economies are different from those in developing countries, although scope for galvanising cooperation exists.", "publicationTitle": "IDS Working Paper - Institute for Development Studies", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2013", "volume": "", "issue": "415", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "18 pp.-18 pp.", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "CABI:20133124187", "tags": [], "collections": [ "K4CWAT7T" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-01-28T18:40:02Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-28T18:40:02Z" } }, { "key": "85WJRP2J", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 323791, "name": "Food Pantries", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/food_pantries", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/323791/items/85WJRP2J", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/food_pantries/items/85WJRP2J", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 549269, "username": "CRFS", "name": "CRFS Project", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/crfs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "85WJRP2J", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Research brief: food insecurity is decreased by adopting a plant-based, olive oil diet.", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "Low-income households spend a disproportionate amount of their food budget on meat and low amounts on vegetables and fruits. Diets high in plant products are related to lower rates of chronic diseases and lower body weight. Raising the Bar on Nutrition (RTB) is a program of the Rhode Island Community Food Bank that is teaching low-income households how to prepare plant-based meals that use extra virgin olive oil. The results show that households completing the program have an increase in measured food security and a decrease in food costs and report eating more vegetables and fruits at 6-month follow-up.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2011", "volume": "6", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "506-512", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1080/19320248.2011.625727", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "CABI:20123014381", "tags": [], "collections": [ "K4CWAT7T" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-01-28T18:40:02Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-28T18:40:02Z" } }, { "key": "KIQKHP9P", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 323791, "name": "Food Pantries", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/food_pantries", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/323791/items/KIQKHP9P", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/food_pantries/items/KIQKHP9P", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 549269, "username": "CRFS", "name": "CRFS Project", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/crfs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "KIQKHP9P", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The community food centre: creating space for a just, sustainable, and healthy food system.", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "Alternative food initiatives have been challenged by critics to address the long-term, structural challenges confronting the food system in an integrated and comprehensive way. Confronting these challenges requires dynamic, multilevel and multisectoral strategies that integrate antipoverty efforts, ecological sustainability, food, wellness and community building throughout all aspects of the food system. Moving initiatives beyond the margins can begin by identifying and building on the successes of existing projects. In this pursuit, this paper articulates the case of The Stop Community Food Centre as it has evolved from a food bank offering emergency relief into a thriving neighborhood hub where people come together to grow, cook, and share food, and where people advocate for measures to establish a more just, sustainable, and healthy food system for all.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems and Community Development", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2011", "volume": "2", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "249-268", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "CABI:20123083254", "tags": [], "collections": [ "K4CWAT7T" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-01-28T18:40:02Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-28T18:40:02Z" } }, { "key": "VPDHEGFR", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 323791, "name": "Food Pantries", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/food_pantries", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/323791/items/VPDHEGFR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/food_pantries/items/VPDHEGFR", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 549269, "username": "CRFS", "name": "CRFS Project", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/crfs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "VPDHEGFR", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Indigenous Message Tailoring Increases Consumption of Fresh Vegetables by Clients of Community Pantries", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "This study tested whether message tailoring of recipes and food-use tips for low-income households is superior to providing a generic version of the material. The field experiment was conducted in the busy conditions found at community food pantries, and included 10 food distributions at each of six sites. We analyzed the consumption of fresh vegetables 6 days following distributions, and retention of print materials 6 weeks later. Self-determination and reactance theories guided the development of tailoring in an indigenous fashion, allowing each pantry client to choose recipes and food tips thought personally useful. This contrasted against paternalistic tailoring, common in health communication, where a motivational theory is used to regulate the health messages given to recipients. Results demonstrated benefits of tailoring over both generic and control conditions and uncovered the degree of tailoring that produced the largest effects. As suggested by construal level theory, the intervention addressed recipients' immediate and concrete decisions about healthy eating, instead of distant or abstract goals like prevention of illnesses. We documented per-client costs of tailored information. Results also suggested that benefits from social capital at sites offering a health outreach may exceed the impact of message tailoring on outcomes of interest.", "publicationTitle": "Health Communication", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2011", "volume": "26", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "571-582", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1080/10410236.2011.558337", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000299567800009", "tags": [], "collections": [ "K4CWAT7T" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-01-28T18:40:02Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-28T18:40:02Z" } }, { "key": "APG6B7XF", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 323791, "name": "Food Pantries", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/food_pantries", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/323791/items/APG6B7XF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/food_pantries/items/APG6B7XF", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 549269, "username": "CRFS", "name": "CRFS Project", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/crfs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "APG6B7XF", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Got milk? Food insecurity in a dairyland community.", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "Though local food assistance sites in a Wisconsin community report increases in use of their services, the amount of food insecurity clients experience was not known. Therefore, the extent of food insecurity was measured using the US Department of Agriculture's (USDA) \"Guide to Measuring Household Food Insecurity.\" A purposive convenience sample of 165 individuals seeking food assistance at local food banks and meal sites was surveyed and asked questions about hunger in their households. The results demonstrated that clients of food banks experienced higher levels of food insecurity and were more likely to lack calcium-rich foods and vitamin C in their diets than those seeking assistance at meal sites. Because this study was conducted in Wisconsin, America's Dairyland, a lack of calcium-rich foods was an especially surprising finding.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2011", "volume": "6", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "343-352", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1080/19320248.2011.597835", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "CABI:20113357914", "tags": [], "collections": [ "K4CWAT7T" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-01-28T18:40:02Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-28T18:40:02Z" } }, { "key": "P7UPS85W", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 323791, "name": "Food Pantries", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/food_pantries", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/323791/items/P7UPS85W", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/food_pantries/items/P7UPS85W", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 549269, "username": "CRFS", "name": "CRFS Project", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/crfs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "parsedDate": "2011-05", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "P7UPS85W", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Captive Audience? Strategies for Acquiring Food in Two Detroit Neighborhoods", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "Research has shown elevated rates of diet-related health problems in Detroit, Michigan compared to state and national averages. Using 47 in-depth interviews of African American residents in two Detroit neighborhoods, I examine the interplay between agency and social structure in food acquisition. Participants discussed numerous difficulties obtaining food, including availability, cost, quality, and accessibility. Residents employed many strategies to address these issues, including carefully examining food before purchase, sharing transportation to leave the neighborhood, and using multiple sources. However, the potential to pursue food acquisition strategies varied, in part, according to community contextual factors, including resident concerns about safety, the availability of food banks, and resources in surrounding areas. Nutritional knowledge among participants was sophisticated, suggesting that health education efforts, as opposed to addressing lack of access to high-quality food, might be misguided. I found that accounting for both agency and structural context aids in understanding diet-related behaviors.", "publicationTitle": "Qualitative Health Research", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "MAY 2011", "volume": "21", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "642-651", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1177/1049732310387159", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000289167700005", "tags": [], "collections": [ "K4CWAT7T" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-01-28T18:40:02Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-28T18:40:02Z" } }, { "key": "ZB8T74I4", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 323791, "name": "Food Pantries", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/food_pantries", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/323791/items/ZB8T74I4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/food_pantries/items/ZB8T74I4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 549269, "username": "CRFS", "name": "CRFS Project", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/crfs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ZB8T74I4", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Petfood partnership: working with food banks and animal shelters.", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "This article discusses ways in which pet food companies can engage with animal welfare groups in order to enhance their public image, with particular reference to: the need to play an active role in media discussions; donations made by pet food companies to animal rescue organisations; and development of partnerships between companies and animal welfare charities.", "publicationTitle": "Petfood Industry", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2012", "volume": "54", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "22-24", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "FSTA:2012-09-Wa0129", "tags": [], "collections": [ "K4CWAT7T" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-01-28T18:40:02Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-28T18:40:02Z" } }, { "key": "AB2HRAEX", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 323791, "name": "Food Pantries", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/food_pantries", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/323791/items/AB2HRAEX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/food_pantries/items/AB2HRAEX", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 549269, "username": "CRFS", "name": "CRFS Project", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/crfs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "AB2HRAEX", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Food closets in state social service centers: one-stop shopping.", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "This article describes the development, implementation, and evaluation of a food closet program in state social service centers. This collaborative venture between a nonprofit food bank and a government social service agency shows how the challenges of paperwork and transportation that often delay emergency food assistance can be overcome. The food closet program enables families to obtain a small supply of food at a place where they are already going to receive other services - in essence, one-stop shopping. Outcomes indicated that the Food Closet Program is providing families who otherwise would lack an emergency food supply with food in a timely manner, demonstrating that nonprofits and state governments can be effective partners in hunger relief efforts.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2012", "volume": "7", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "414-425", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1080/19320248.2012.732915", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "CABI:20133003505", "tags": [], "collections": [ "K4CWAT7T" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-01-28T18:40:02Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-28T18:40:02Z" } }, { "key": "BJAVUX4P", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 323791, "name": "Food Pantries", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/food_pantries", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/323791/items/BJAVUX4P", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/food_pantries/items/BJAVUX4P", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 549269, "username": "CRFS", "name": "CRFS Project", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/crfs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BJAVUX4P", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Building capacity between the private emergency food system and the local food movement: working toward food justice and sovereignty in the global north.", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "One area of food system research that remains overlooked in terms of making urban-rural distinctions explicit is the private emergency food system of food banks, food pantries, soup kitchens, and emergency shelters that exists throughout the United States. This system is an important one for millions of food-insecure individuals and today serves nearly as many individuals as public food assistance. In this article, we present an exploratory case that presents findings from research looking at the private emergency food system of a rural county in northern New England, U.S. Specifically, we examine the history of this national network to contextualize our findings and then discuss possibilities for collaboration between this private system and the local food movement (on behalf of both the public and the state). These collaborations present an opportunity in the short term to improve access to high quality local foods for insecure populations, and in the long term to challenge the systemic income and race-based inequalities that increasingly define the modern food system and are the result of prioritizing market-based reforms that re-create inequality at the local and regional levels. We propose alternatives to these approaches that emphasize the ability to ensure adequate food access for vulnerable populations, as well as the right to define, structure, and control how food is produced beyond food consumerism (i.e., voting with our dollars), but through efforts increasingly aligned with a food sovereignty agenda.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems and Community Development", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2012", "volume": "3", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "235-253", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "CABI:20133045308", "tags": [], "collections": [ "K4CWAT7T" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-01-28T18:40:02Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-28T18:40:02Z" } }, { "key": "C9VKFETC", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 323791, "name": "Food Pantries", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/food_pantries", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/323791/items/C9VKFETC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/food_pantries/items/C9VKFETC", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 549269, "username": "CRFS", "name": "CRFS Project", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/crfs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "C9VKFETC", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Changing the Conversation About Hunger: The Process of Developing Freshplace", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "Background: Despite public and private food assistance programs, food insecurity and hunger are persistent public health problems. Freshplace is an innovative food pantry collaborative whose goal is to build long-term food security and self-sufficiency among residents of the North End of Hartford, Connecticut. Freshplace was founded by Foodshare (FS), the Chrysalis Center (CC), Inc., and the Junior League of Hartford (JLH), Inc., who then partnered with the University of Connecticut to design and evaluate the program. Objectives: This article describes the community-based participatory research process involved with developing and evaluating Freshplace. Methods: We are conducting a randomized, controlled study to compare 100 Freshplace members with 100 people who receive food from traditional food pantries. Main outcome measures include food security, self-sufficiency, and diet quality. Change scores are compared from baseline to 3 months using independent t tests. Results: Freshplace opened in July 2010. We have recruited 233 people to participate in the study. Over 3 months, Freshplace members had larger change scores than the comparison group in food security scores (1.6 vs. 0.7 points; p < .01), and fruit and vegetable intake (1.9 vs. -1.4 points; p < .01). Conclusions: Freshplace is a successful, community-university partnership bringing together three community agencies and a state university. This is the first food pantry intervention to be evaluated, and preliminary results are promising.", "publicationTitle": "Progress in Community Health Partnerships-Research Education and Action", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "WIN 2012", "volume": "6", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "429-434", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000313372500005", "tags": [], "collections": [ "K4CWAT7T" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-01-28T18:40:02Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-28T18:40:02Z" } }, { "key": "AJ5C8WZA", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 323791, "name": "Food Pantries", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/food_pantries", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/323791/items/AJ5C8WZA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/food_pantries/items/AJ5C8WZA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 549269, "username": "CRFS", "name": "CRFS Project", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/crfs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "parsedDate": "2013", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "AJ5C8WZA", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Food bank users in and around the lower mainland of British Columbia, Canada, are characterized by food insecurity and poor produce intake.", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "This study examined the (1) food security status, produce intake, and produce-related behaviors of food bank clients from 4 food banks in and around British Columbia's (BC's) lower mainland; (2) differences in food security status, produce intake, and produce-related behaviors among those 4 food banks; and (3) relationship of food security status to produce intake and produce-related behaviors in food bank clients from 4 food banks in and around BC's lower mainland. Participants (n = 528) attended one of 4 food banks in BC. Overall, only 4.7% of food bank users in our sample lived in food secure households. These data are in stark contrast to Health Canada's 2007-2008 data estimating that food insecurity affected 7.7% of households in BC (4.8% moderately food insecure, 2.9 severely food insecure). Daily vegetable intake (1.7 1.9; n = 474; P = .292), daily fruit intake (1.3 1.6; n = 478; P = .935), and daily total produce intake (3.0 2.9; n = 474; P = .548) were less than Health Canada recommendations, and produce intake worsened with worsening food insecurity. Strategies are needed to improve food bank users' access to adequate foods, especially produce, for an active and healthy life. Though assisting food banks and other charitable agencies in securing wholesome foods may help to improve food access and nutrition outcomes of their clients, improving incomes and access to other resources by individuals and households using charitable food sources is needed to improve food access for all Canadians in a sustainable fashion. Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2013", "volume": "7", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "449-458", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "FSTA:2013-03-Da0188", "tags": [], "collections": [ "K4CWAT7T" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-01-28T18:40:02Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-28T18:40:02Z" } }, { "key": "MZPEU25N", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 323791, "name": "Food Pantries", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/food_pantries", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/323791/items/MZPEU25N", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/food_pantries/items/MZPEU25N", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 549269, "username": "CRFS", "name": "CRFS Project", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/crfs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "parsedDate": "2013", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "MZPEU25N", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Food Insecurity, Poor Diet Quality, and Obesity among Food Pantry Participants in Hartford, CT.", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "Objective: Examine relationships between food security, diet quality, and body mass index (BMI) among food pantry users. Methods: Convenience sample of 212 food pantry clients in Hartford, CT from June, 2010 to May, 2011. Main outcomes included food security (United States Department of Agriculture module), fruit and vegetable consumption (Block Screener), and BMI (stadiometer and digital medical scale). Chi-square tests, Spearman correlations, and logistic regression models were analyzed. Results: Over half of the sample (50.5%) had very low food security. Mean BMI was 29.5 kg/m 2. Age was positively associated with food security ( P < .01). Food-secure participants were twice as likely to eat fruit, vegetables, and fiber as food-insecure participants ( P = .04). Women were 4 times as likely to be obese as men ( P < .01), yet food insecurity was not associated with obesity in this sample. Conclusions and Implications: Ensuring the nutritional adequacy of donated food is an important consideration for food donors and pantry staff. All rights reserved, Elsevier.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2013", "volume": "45", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "159-164", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "FSTA:2013-06-Da0361", "tags": [], "collections": [ "K4CWAT7T" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-01-28T18:40:02Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-28T18:40:02Z" } }, { "key": "WQNSBAAV", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 323791, "name": "Food Pantries", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/food_pantries", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/323791/items/WQNSBAAV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/food_pantries/items/WQNSBAAV", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 549269, "username": "CRFS", "name": "CRFS Project", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/crfs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "parsedDate": "2013", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "WQNSBAAV", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A model to drive research-based policy change: improving the nutritional quality of emergency food.", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "A nonprofit policy advocacy organization and an academic research center convened a one-day meeting of 20 key stakeholders from the emergency food network (EFN) to develop policy and practice recommendations that were vltimately crafted by the advocate-researcher team and aimed at improving the nutritional quality of emergency food. The convening was informed by recent studies of food bank inventory trends and aspects of food bank culture, capacity, and practices relating to nutrition. Recommendations were developed to establish nutrition standards for government-sourced emergency food and to review tax benefits for commercial food donations. Recommendations were also developed for EFN agencies to establish organizational nutrition guidelines, adopt metrics that incorporate the nutritional quality of distributed food, and advocate improvements to federal safety net programs.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2013", "volume": "8", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "281-293", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1080/19320248.2013.821963", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "CABI:20133327653", "tags": [], "collections": [ "K4CWAT7T" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-01-28T18:40:02Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-28T18:40:02Z" } }, { "key": "GKTCBCSX", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 323791, "name": "Food Pantries", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/food_pantries", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/323791/items/GKTCBCSX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/food_pantries/items/GKTCBCSX", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 549269, "username": "CRFS", "name": "CRFS Project", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/crfs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "parsedDate": "2013", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "GKTCBCSX", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Improving the nutritional quality of emergency food: a study of food bank organizational culture, capacity, and practices.", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "A national online survey of 137 US food banks was conducted along with in-depth interviews with staff at 6 California food banks to assess the characteristics of their organizational culture, including the extent to which they focused on nutritional quality of emergency food. The majority of US food banks reported a substantial level of commitment to nutrition. Only a minority has written formal nutrition policies, but several California food bankers were in the process of developing policies. US food banks most often reported seeking to increase fresh produce; fewer reported deliberate efforts to increase low-fat dairy, lean meats, or whole grains or to reduce unhealthful foods. California food banks revealed that they have significantly expanded their capacity to respond to increased produce donations, yet there are still substantial limitations to be addressed in procuring, handling, and monitoring the quantity of more nutritious foods. Organizational practices commensurate with a nutrition policy are not widely evident although there is variation. Study results highlight a number of issues for attention in assisting food banks to align their culture, capacity, and practices more closely with their stated commitment to nutrition quality.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2013", "volume": "8", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "261-280", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1080/19320248.2013.816991", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "CABI:20133327652", "tags": [], "collections": [ "K4CWAT7T" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-01-28T18:40:02Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-28T18:40:02Z" } }, { "key": "9ZRN7GET", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 323791, "name": "Food Pantries", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/food_pantries", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/323791/items/9ZRN7GET", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/food_pantries/items/9ZRN7GET", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 549269, "username": "CRFS", "name": "CRFS Project", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/crfs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "parsedDate": "2013", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "9ZRN7GET", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Rural food pantry users' stigma and safety net food programs.", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "Increasing numbers of individuals in our community have been seeking local food pantry assistance. Previous studies of food pantries found that users show low rates of governmental aid receipt, especially in rural areas. We assessed evidence that suggests that post-recession need has mitigated rural reluctance to pursue government assistance. The inadequacy of government and local food assistance to address the problem of food insecurity in our community is discussed.", "publicationTitle": "Contemporary Rural Social Work", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2013", "volume": "5", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "100-105", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "CABI:20133328314", "tags": [], "collections": [ "K4CWAT7T" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-01-28T18:40:02Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-28T18:40:02Z" } }, { "key": "8BEZC7G9", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 323791, "name": "Food Pantries", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/food_pantries", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/323791/items/8BEZC7G9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/food_pantries/items/8BEZC7G9", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 549269, "username": "CRFS", "name": "CRFS Project", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/crfs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "parsedDate": "2013", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "8BEZC7G9", "version": 2, "itemType": "book", "title": "Politics of the Pantry: Stories, Food, and Social Change", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2013", "publisher": "", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000324521800006", "tags": [], "collections": [ "K4CWAT7T" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-01-28T18:40:02Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-28T18:40:02Z" } } ]