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"itemType": "journalArticle",
"title": "Cyclotella cryptica, a New Brackish-Water Diatom Species 1",
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"firstName": "Bernhard E. F.",
"lastName": "Reimann"
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"firstName": "Joyce M. C.",
"lastName": "Lewin"
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"lastName": "Guillard"
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"publicationTitle": "Phycologia",
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"date": "09/1963",
"volume": "3",
"issue": "2",
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"partTitle": "",
"pages": "75-84",
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"DOI": "10.2216/i0031-8884-3-2-75.1",
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"creatorSummary": "Schultz and Trainor",
"parsedDate": "1968-06-01",
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"version": 3,
"itemType": "journalArticle",
"title": "Production of Male Gametes and Auxospores in the Centric Diatoms Cyclotella Meneghiniana and C. Cryptica12",
"creators": [
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Mary E.",
"lastName": "Schultz"
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"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Francis R.",
"lastName": "Trainor"
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"abstractNote": "Vegetative cells of Cyclotella meneghiniana Kützing form male gametes and anxospores following transfer from a synthetic freshwater medium to a modified artificial seawater. Both spermatogenesis and auxospore formation are correlated with an increase in the Na+ concentration in the medium. Spermatogenesis can also be induced in C. cryptica Reimann, Lewin, and Guillard in artificial seawater with an adjusted sodium level.",
"publicationTitle": "Journal of Phycology",
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"date": "June 1, 1968",
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"partTitle": "",
"pages": "85-88",
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"DOI": "10.1111/j.1529-8817.1968.tb04681.x",
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"url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1529-8817.1968.tb04681.x/abstract",
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"creatorSummary": "Dickson and Kirst",
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"itemType": "journalArticle",
"title": "Osmotic Adjustment in Marine Eukaryotic Algae: The Role of Inorganic Ions, Quaternary Ammonium, Tertiary Sulphonium and Carbohydrate Solutes",
"creators": [
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"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "D. M. J.",
"lastName": "Dickson"
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"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "G. O.",
"lastName": "Kirst"
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"abstractNote": "The unicellular marine algae, Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin, Cyclotella cryptica Reimann and Cyclotella meneghiniana Kützing (Bacillariophyceae) and Porphyridium aerugineum Geitler (Rhodophyceae) synthesized and accumulated glycine betaine and proline in response to increases of the NaCl concentration (150 to 1000 mol m−3NaCl) of the growth medium. C. cryptica and C. meneghiniana also synthesized and accumulated homarine (N-methyl picolinic acid betaine). Both P. tricornutum and P. aerugineum synthesized increasing amounts of intracellular glycerol and P. aerugineum also formed the heteroside, floridoside [O-α-D-galactopyranosyl (1 → 2)-glycerol], in response to the elevated salinities. No major low molecular weight carbohydrates were found in Cyclotella. Sucrose was not detected in the algal extracts. Only P. tricornutum synthesized the tertiary sulphonium compound, β-dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP), and the quantity of this solute in the alga was dependent on the amount of NaCl in the medium. Intracellular K+concentrations in the algae were three to six times greater than those of Na+. Increases of the salinity of the media led to the uptake and accumulation of K+by the cells, and smaller increases of Na+and Cl−1and loss of intracellular NO3−. The inorganic cations Na+and K+, with their accompanying anions, and the estimated organic solutes could largely account for the osmotic balance of P. tricornutum and P. aerugineum.",
"publicationTitle": "New Phytologist",
"publisher": "",
"place": "",
"date": "August 1, 1987",
"volume": "106",
"issue": "4",
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"partNumber": "",
"partTitle": "",
"pages": "645-655",
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"DOI": "10.1111/j.1469-8137.1987.tb00165.x",
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"shortTitle": "Osmotic Adjustment in Marine Eukaryotic Algae",
"language": "en",
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"tags": [
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"tag": "Betaines",
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{
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"key": "MXFBQDW2",
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"creatorSummary": "Liu and Hellebust",
"parsedDate": "1976-05-01",
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"version": 3,
"itemType": "journalArticle",
"title": "Effects of salinity and osmolarity of the medium on amino acid metabolism in Cyclotella cryptica",
"creators": [
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Ming Sai",
"lastName": "Liu"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Johan A.",
"lastName": "Hellebust"
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"abstractNote": "The amino acid metabolism of Cyclotella cryptica is strongly influenced by changes in salinity of the medium. A sudden increase in salinity (water stress) reduces the total uptake of amino acids by the cells and also their assimilation into proteins. Under water-stress conditions, proline is readily synthesized from glutamate, arginine, and ornithine. and proline synthesized under these conditions turns over very slowly and accumulates.Increases in osmolarity of the medium, whether caused by salts, mannitol, or sucrose (but not by glycerol), is followed immediately by rapid synthesis of proline. Proteolysis is not observed under water-stress conditions. The high level of proline accumulated under these conditions is rapidly reduced when the cells are transferred back to low osmolarity media. The loss of 14C from proline is accompanied by rapid incorporation into proteins and also conversion of proline into other cell constituents.The proline level is relatively low in high-salinity-adapted cells, and prol..., Le métabolisme des acides aminés chez Cyclotella ciyptica est fortement influencé par des modifications de la salinité du milieu. Une augmentation brusque de la salinité (stress hydrique) réduit l'absorption totale des acides aminés par les cellules ainsi que leur transformation en protéines. Dans des conditions de stress hydrique, la proline est facilement synthétisée à partir du glutamate, de l'arginine et de l'ornithine; la proline synthétisée dans ces conditions se renouvelle très lentement et s'accumule.Une augmentation de l'osmolarité du milieu, qu'elle soit causée par des sels, du mannitol ou du sucrose (mais non par du glycérol), s'accompagne immédiatement d'une rapide synthèse de proline. La protéolyse ne se manifeste pas dans les conditions de stress hydrique. La forte concentration de proline accumulée dans ces conditions diminue rapidement lorsqu'on retourne les cellules à un milieu de faible osmolarité. La perte de 14C provenant de la proline s'accompagne d'une rapide incorporation dans les p...",
"publicationTitle": "Canadian Journal of Botany",
"publisher": "",
"place": "",
"date": "May 1, 1976",
"volume": "54",
"issue": "9",
"section": "",
"partNumber": "",
"partTitle": "",
"pages": "938-948",
"series": "",
"seriesTitle": "",
"seriesText": "",
"journalAbbreviation": "Can. J. Bot.",
"DOI": "10.1139/b76-098",
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"url": "http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/b76-098",
"accessDate": "2014-09-30T21:54:59Z",
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"creatorSummary": "Liu and Hellebust",
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"version": 3,
"itemType": "journalArticle",
"title": "Regulation of proline metabolism in the marine centric diatom Cyclotella cryptica",
"creators": [
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Ming Sai",
"lastName": "Liu"
},
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Johan A.",
"lastName": "Hellebust"
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],
"abstractNote": "Proline synthesis from both glutamate and arginine is much lower in the dark than in the light. The reduction of proline synthesis in the dark is more pronounced from glutamate than from arginine in starved cells under water-stress conditions. Addition of glucose to such cells stimulates the synthesis of proline from both amino acids. There is no appreciable effect of light on the catabolism of proline. Light seems to be particularly required for the formation of proline from glutamate or arginine in C. cryptica. Other pathways of amino acid metabolism are less, and differently, affected by light conditions. The synthesis of asparagine is stimulated by starving cells in the absence of light, while the synthesis of macromolecules from glutamate is strongly depressed under these conditions. The capacity for amino acid uptake is strongly stimulated by dark incubation in the absence of glucose (energy deficiency).Feedback regulation of proline biosynthesis is very effective in normal cells with either amino a..., La synthèse de la proline à partir du glutamate aussi bien que de l'arginine est beacoup plus faible à l'obscurité qu'à la lumière. La diminution de la synthèse de la proline à l'obscurité chez les cellules soumises à des conditions de stress en nourriture et en eau est plus prononcée à partir du glutamate que de l'arginine. L'addition de glucose à de telles cellules stimule la synthèse de la proline à partir des deux acides aminés. La lumière n'affecte pas de façon significative le catabolisme de la proline. La lumière semble jouer un rôle particulièrement important dans la formation de la proline à partir du glutamate ou de l'arginine chez C. cryptica. D'autres sentiers du métablisme des acides aminés sont affectés à un moindre degré et différemment par les conditions lumineuses. La synthèse de l'asparagine est stimulée en nourrissant peu les cellules en l'absence de lumière, alors que la synthèse des macromolécules à partir du glutamate est fortement diminuée dans ces mêmes conditions. La capacité d'ab...",
"publicationTitle": "Canadian Journal of Botany",
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"place": "",
"date": "May 1, 1976",
"volume": "54",
"issue": "9",
"section": "",
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"partTitle": "",
"pages": "949-959",
"series": "",
"seriesTitle": "",
"seriesText": "",
"journalAbbreviation": "Can. J. Bot.",
"DOI": "10.1139/b76-099",
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"url": "http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/b76-099",
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"creatorSummary": "Eppard et al.",
"parsedDate": "2000-05-01",
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"version": 3,
"itemType": "journalArticle",
"title": "Characterization of fcp4 and fcp12, Two Additional Genes Encoding Light Harvesting Proteins of Cyclotella cryptica (Bacillariophyceae) and Phylogenetic Analysis of this Complex Gene Family",
"creators": [
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "M.",
"lastName": "Eppard"
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{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "W. E.",
"lastName": "Krumbein"
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{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "A.",
"lastName": "von Haeseler"
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"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "E.",
"lastName": "Rhiel"
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"abstractNote": "Abstract: Two additional cDNA clones containing genes which encode fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c binding proteins (Fcps) of the centric diatom Cyclotella cryptica have been sequenced. The first cDNA clone containing fcp12 had an insert size of 871 base pairs (bp). The open reading frame (ORF) of 693 bp corresponds to a precursor protein of 231 amino acids with a molecular weight (Mr) of 25 200. For the mature Fcp12, a protein of 196 amino acids with a Mr of 21 700 is proposed. The second cDNA clone contained the fragmentary fcp4 with an insert of 805 bp. The ORF of 492 bp corresponds to a polypeptide of 164 amino acids with a Mr of 18 050. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the proteins Fcp1, Fcp2, Fcp3 and Fcp5 are closely related to the Fcps of other diatoms, whereas Fcp6, Fcp7 and Fcp12 share the highest homology to the Fcp of the haptophyte Isochrysis galbana and to the light inducible proteins LI818r3 and LI818 of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Chlamydomonas eugametos. The subunit Fcp4 revealed some homology with the red algal LH subunits LhcaR1 and LhcaR2 of Porphyridium cruentum.",
"publicationTitle": "Plant Biology",
"publisher": "",
"place": "",
"date": "May 1, 2000",
"volume": "2",
"issue": "3",
"section": "",
"partNumber": "",
"partTitle": "",
"pages": "283-289",
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"journalAbbreviation": "",
"DOI": "10.1055/s-2000-3702",
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"tags": [
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"tag": "Chromophytic algae",
"type": 1
},
{
"tag": "Photosynthesis",
"type": 1
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{
"tag": "diatoms",
"type": 1
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"creatorSummary": "Hellebust",
"parsedDate": "1978-03-01",
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"data": {
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"version": 3,
"itemType": "journalArticle",
"title": "Uptake of Organic Substrates by Cyclotella Cryptica (bacillariophyceae): Effects of Ions, Ionophores and Metabolic and Transport Inhibitors1,2",
"creators": [
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"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Johan A.",
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"abstractNote": "The uptake of glucose and amino acids by the euryhaline diatom Cyclotella cryptica Reimann, Lewin & Guillard does not appear to be related to proton gradients. Instead, the transport systems for these organic solutes show a strong requirement for the presence of NaCl. The relationship between uptake and NaCl concentration is hyperbolic, with optimal uptake rates being approached at 100 mM NaCl. High concentrations of KCl cause strong reductions in uptake rates. The (Na+, K+)-stimulated ATPase inhibitor ouabain has no effect on glucose uptake, whereas the diphenolic glucoside phlorizin and its aglucone phloretin are strongly inhibitory. The proton translocating uncoupler CCCP (carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone) and the ATPase inhibitor DCCD (dicyclohexylcarbodiimide) both almost completely abolish glucose transport, and low concentrations of the ionophares monensin and valenomycin strongly inhibit glucose uptake by the diatom. The requirement of high external NaCl concentrations for glucose transport, and the inhibitory effect an transport of the Na+-specific ionophore monensin are consistent with a coupling of Na+ and organic substrate transport, but could also be explained by a Na+ requirement for glucose binding to a transport carrier, and/or a possible interference with energy producing reactions associated with a monensin-induced collapse of the normal Na+ gradient.",
"publicationTitle": "Journal of Phycology",
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"title": "Localisation of fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c-binding polypeptides of the centric diatom Cyclotella cryptica by immuno-electron microscopy",
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"abstractNote": "Antisera were raised against the C termini of three fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c-binding polypeptides, Fcp2, Fcp4, and Fcp6, of the centric diatom Cyclotella cryptica. Immunogold electron microscopy of ultrathin-sectioned cells indicated that Fcp2 and Fcp4 are present in almost the same amounts, whereas approximately 8- to 10-fold less gold label was registered for Fcp6. Immunogold electron microscopy of freeze-fracture replicas of thylakoid membranes showed that the C termini of at least Fcp2 and Fcp4 were located in the thylakoid lumen, thus demonstrating a 3-dimensional structure similar to that already described for the chlorophyll a/b-binding light-harvesting polypeptides of higher plants.",
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"abstractNote": "The transport systems for all of the amino acids studied, with the exception of isoleucine, obey saturation kinetics. The strong inhibition of the process by cyanide and dinitrophenol provides evidence that energy is required. Additional evidence for the requirement of energy for amino acid transport is the strong temperature dependence (Q10 about 2) and the high concentration ratios measured for transported amino acids.Transport parameters (Ks and Vmax) for several amino acids were determined from data for two different concentration ranges. The results of the kinetic studies indicate the presence of two or more transport systems that become saturated at different substrate concentrations for each of the amino acids. The presence of a high affinity – high capacity transport system for arginine indicates that this amino acid may be utilized efficiently by the diatom when present at low concentrations in the natural environment.Interactions between pairs of amino acids suggest that several transport system..., Les systèmes de transport pour tous les acides aminés étudiés, à l'exception de l'isoleucine, obéissent aux cinétiques de saturation. La forte inhibition des processus par le cyanide et le dinitrophénol fournit l'évidence que l'énergie est requise. Une évidence additionnelle pour l'exigence d'énergie dans le transport des acides aminés est la forte dépendance de la température (Q10 = 2) et les hauts taux de concentration mesurés pour le transport des acides aminés.Les paramètres de transport (Ks et Vmax) pour plusieurs acides aminés furent déterminés à partir des données pour deux différents écarts de concentration. Les résultats de ces études cinétiques indiquent la présence de deux ou plus systèmes de transport qui deviennent saturés à différentes concentrations de substrats pour chacun des acides aminés. La présence d'une forte efficacité d'une forte capacité du système de transport pour l'arginine indique que cet acide aminé peut être utilisé efficacement par les diatomées lorsque présentes en faibles...",
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"title": "The Light Harvesting System of the Diatom Cyclotella cryptica. Isolation and Characterization of the Main Light Harvesting Complex and Evidence for the Existence of Minor Pigment Proteins*",
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"abstractNote": "The main chlorophyll a/c light harvesting complex of the diatom Cyclotella cryptica was isolated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. It consisted of two polypeptides of Mrs 18000 and 22000. Both polypeptides and fragments thereof, obtained by formic acid treatment, were blocked at their N-ter-mini. An antiserum raised against the two subunits selectively immunolabeled the thylakoid within the chloroplasts. The subunits were nuclear encoded and could be immunoprecipitated from poly (A)+ RNA as precursor proteins in the Mr range of 20000 to 24000. The existence of minor chlorophyll protein complexes and their possible function in light climate adaptation processes was investigated in cells adapted to low light and high light conditions. Low light grown cells contained more fucoxanthin and less β-carotene relative to chlorophyll a than high light adapted cells. The xanthophyll cycle pigments diatoxanthin and diadinoxanthin increased five-fold relative to chlorophyll a under high light conditions. Western-immunoblotting experiments with antisera raised against several chlorophyll a/b and chlorophyll a/c antenna complexes demonstrated that, beside the dominating chlorophyll a/c light harvesting complex, minor antenna complexes might exist, which, in part, seem to react to the light climate applied.",
"publicationTitle": "Botanica Acta",
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"abstractNote": "Diatoms are photoautotrophic micro-organisms that use inorganic carbon sources and light in photosynthesis. Diatom frustules were characterized in terms of particle techniques and compared with siliceous earth, i.e. depositions of diatoms that have wide technical applications. To obtain enough biomass for frustule characterization Cyclotella cryptica has been cultivated in a 15 l photobioreactor under controlled conditions. Native diatom frustules are characterized by a 1.5-fold lower density and 80-fold higher specific surface than siliceous earth. Therefore, native diatom frustules provides a material with novel properties which might be interesting for special technical application.",
"publicationTitle": "Journal of Biotechnology",
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"title": "Immuno-electron microscopic quantification of the fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c binding polypeptides Fcp2, Fcp4, and Fcp6 of Cyclotella cryptica grown under low- and high-light intensities",
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"abstractNote": "Immuno-electron microscopic quantification of the fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c binding polypeptides Fcp2, Fcp4, and Fcp6 of Cyclotella cryptica grown under low- and high-light intensities",
"publicationTitle": "International Microbiology",
"publisher": "",
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"date": "25/02/2010",
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"rights": "Submission of a manuscript to International Microbiology implies: that the work described has not been published before, including publication in the World Wide Web (except in the form of an Abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, or thesis); that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere; that all the coauthors have agreed to its publication. The corresponding author signs for and accepts responsability for releasing this material and will act on behalf of any and all coauthors regarding the editorial review and publication process. If an article is accepted for publication in International Microbiology, the authors (or other copyright holder) must transfer to the journal the right–not exclusive–to reproduce and distribute the article including reprints, translations, photographic reproductions, microform, electronic form (offline, online) or any other reproductions of similar nature. Nevertheless, all article in International Microbiology will be available on the Internet to any reader at no cost. The journal allows users to freely download, copy, print, distribute, search, and link to the full text of any article, provided the authorship and source of the published article is cited. The copyright owner's consent does not include copying for new works, or resale. In these cases, the specific written permission of International Microbiology must first be obtained. Authors are requested to create a link to the published article on the journal's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: \"The original publication is available on LINK at < http://www.im.microbios.org >. Please use the appropiate URL for the article in LINK. Articles disseminated via LINK are indexed, abstracted, and referenced by many abstracting and information services, bibliographic networks, subscription agencies, library networks, and consortia.",
"extra": "The diatom Cyclotella cryptica was grown under low- and highintensity white light of 50 and 500 μmol photons m –2 s –1 , respectively. Western immunoblotting showed that the diatom adapted its light-harvesting apparatus, giving rise to different amounts of distinct fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c binding polypeptides (Fcp). The amount of Fcp2 was approximately two-fold higher under low-light than under high-light conditions, whereas the amount of Fcp6 increased four- to five-fold under high-light conditions. For Fcp4, no significant differences were detected in response to either light regime. Cells of Cyclotella grown under high- and low-light intensity were subjected to immunoelectron microscopy. Quantification of the gold label, expressed as gold particles per μm 2 , confirmed the results obtained by Western immunoblotting. Exposure to low light resulted in the detection of approximately six times more Fcp2-bound gold particles per μm 2 in thylakoid membranes, whereas in cells grown under high light the number of Fcp6- bound gold particles increased ten-fold. For Fcp4, similar amounts of gold particles per μm 2 were counted under the two light regimes. These immunocytochemical results confirmed molecular data derived from phylogenetic analyses of the sequences of genes encoding fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c binding polypeptides ( fcp genes) and from measurements of steady-state fcp mRNA concentrations. The results show that Fcp2 and Fcp6 accumulate under low- and high-light intensity, respectively, whereas Fcp4 seems to be constitutively synthesized. [Int Microbiol 2006; 9(1):29-36]",
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"title": "l-Ascorbic-acid biosynthesis in the euryhaline diatom Cyclotella cryptica",
"creators": [
{
"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Michael",
"lastName": "Grün"
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{
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"firstName": "Frank A.",
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"abstractNote": "l-Ascorbic acid (AA) production in cells of Cyclotella cryptica Reimann, Lewin, Guillard (Bacillariophyceae) is enhanced when darkadapted cells are exposed to light.Heterotrophically grown cells incubated with d-[6-3H,6-14C]glucose and d-[1-3H,6-14C]glucose (2 h in dark followed by 15 h light) produced labeled AA with significantly different ratios of 3H and 14C. Comparisons of labeling patterns in AA and chitin-derived d-glucosamine support a path of conversion in Cyclotella from d-glucose to AA that “inverts” the carbon chain of the sugar. This process resembles similar conversions found in AA-synthesizing animals and species from two other algal classes.",
"publicationTitle": "Planta",
"publisher": "",
"place": "",
"date": "1984/01/01",
"volume": "160",
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"abstractNote": "To investigate the nutritional value of the diatom Cyclotella cryptica as an alternative feed for aquaculture, its heterotrophic growth characteristics were studied. First, the proximate biochemical composition and fatty acid profiles were studied under a controlled heterotrophic growth condition. The approximate total ash, carbohydrate, lipid, and protein content were 245 mg g−1 (dry weight), 360 mg g−1, 165 mg g−1 and 260 mg g−1, respectively. Polyunsaturated fatty acids accounted for 24.5, 31.3, 45.1 and 17.3% of the total lipids in the phospholipid, sterol, free fatty acid and triglyceride classes. Secondly, the effect of aeration and agitation rates on the specific growth rate of C. cryptica under heterotrophic conditions was studied. The maximum specific growth rate was not significantly affected (P > 0.05) by the rate of agitation within the range of 100 to 160 rpm, but it was significantly affected (P > 0.05) by the rate of aeration. Optimal growth occurred when the aeration rate was within the range of 0.44 to 1.07 v/v/min. Viability measurements throughout the growth period showed that the C. cryptica cells remained viable in spite of the varied cultivation conditions. Hydrodynamic forces are an important parameter within biological systems, and optimisation is crucial for the successful scale-up of microalgal cultivation systems. Whilst the investigation was preliminary in nature, the information gained in this study will be useful for the continual development of an alternative and cost-effective feed for bivalve spat rations.",
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"title": "The effects of nutrients and temperature on biomass, growth, lipid production, and fatty acid composition ofCyclotella cryptica Reimann, Lewin, and Guillard",
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"abstractNote": "Batch cultures ofCyclotella cryptica Reimann, Lewin, and Guillard were grown at two different nutrient (nitrogen/silica) levels and at two different temperatures (20 and 30°C). Biomass and cell yields decreased with decreased levels of both the nutrients (nitrogen and silica) at 20 and 30°C; whereas lipids (total, neutral, and polar) increased with decreased levels of nutrients at these two temperatures. Changes in fatty acid composition were also noted; the diatoms produced increased amounts of fatty acids C14:0 and C16:0 when grown in nutrient-deficient medium. The influence of nutrient stress and temperature is discussed.",
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"abstractNote": "The unicellular marine algae, Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin, Cyclotella cryptica Reimann and Cyclotella meneghiniana Kutzing (Bacillariophyceae) and Porphyridium aerugineum Geitler (Rhodophyceae) synthesized and accumulated glycine betaine and proline in response to increases of the NaCl concentration (150 to 1000 mol m-3 NaCl) of the growth medium. C. cryptica and C. meneghiniana also synthesized and accumulated homarine (N-methyl picolinic acid betaine). Both P. tricornutum and P. aerugineum synthesized increasing amounts of intracellular glycerol and P. aerugineum also formed the heteroside, floridoside [O-α-D-galactopyranosyl (1 → 2)-glycerol], in response to the elevated salinities. No major low molecular weight carbohydrates were found in Cyclotella. Sucrose was not detected in the algal extracts. Only P. tricornutum synthesized the tertiary sulphonium compound, β-dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP), and the quantity of this solute in the alga was dependent on the amount of NaCl in the medium. Intracellular K+ concentrations in the algae were three to six times greater than those of Na+. Increases of the salinity of the media led to the uptake and accumulation of K+ by the cells, and smaller increases of Na+ and Cl- and loss of intracellular NO3 -. The inorganic cations Na+ and K+, with their accompanying anions, and the estimated organic solutes could largely account for the osmotic balance of P. tricornutum and P. aerugineum.",
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"firstName": "Mary E.",
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"abstractNote": "The brackish-water diatom Cyclotella cryptica is a polymorphic species. Nine clones are capable of producing the valve pattern characteristic of the species C. meneghiniana, as well as the C. cryptica pattern. A study of the effects of salinity and freshwater conditions on the morphology of the valve shows that the cryptica pattern is produced in salinities of about 4.3‰ to full-strength seawater, 28.7‰. The \"meneghiniana\" pattern is the freshwater or low salinity (1.4‰) form. Characteristics of the valve morphology and life history stages which distinguish C. cryptica from C. meneghiniana and Cyclotella sp., clone 03A, are presented and discussed., non disponible",
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"abstractNote": "Differential circadian expression of genes fcp2 and fcp6 in Cyclotella cryptica",
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"rights": "Submission of a manuscript to International Microbiology implies: that the work described has not been published before, including publication in the World Wide Web (except in the form of an Abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, or thesis); that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere; that all the coauthors have agreed to its publication. The corresponding author signs for and accepts responsability for releasing this material and will act on behalf of any and all coauthors regarding the editorial review and publication process. If an article is accepted for publication in International Microbiology, the authors (or other copyright holder) must transfer to the journal the right–not exclusive–to reproduce and distribute the article including reprints, translations, photographic reproductions, microform, electronic form (offline, online) or any other reproductions of similar nature. Nevertheless, all article in International Microbiology will be available on the Internet to any reader at no cost. The journal allows users to freely download, copy, print, distribute, search, and link to the full text of any article, provided the authorship and source of the published article is cited. The copyright owner's consent does not include copying for new works, or resale. In these cases, the specific written permission of International Microbiology must first be obtained. Authors are requested to create a link to the published article on the journal's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: \"The original publication is available on LINK at < http://www.im.microbios.org >. Please use the appropiate URL for the article in LINK. Articles disseminated via LINK are indexed, abstracted, and referenced by many abstracting and information services, bibliographic networks, subscription agencies, library networks, and consortia.",
"extra": "The steady-state mRNA concentrations of two fcp genes encoding fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c light-harvesting polypeptides of the centric diatom Cyclotella cryptica were investigated over a 4-day period by RNA dot-blotting experiments. Before and during the first day of the experiment, the cultures were grown under a 12-h light/12-h dark regime. On the following 3 days, the algae were kept in darkness. On the first day, the steady-state mRNA concentration of fcp2 followed a diurnal pattern, with a maximum occurring around noon, approximately 6 h after the onset of light. The gene fcp6 also had a diurnal pattern on the first day. Its maximum, however, occurred immediately after the onset of light. During the subsequent incubation period in darkness, the diurnal pattern of expression of both fcp genes continued, thus demonstrating that their steady-state mRNA concentrations oscillated in a circadian manner. [Int Microbiol 2004; 7(2):127–131]",
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"title": "Effects of salinity changes on growth and metabolism of the marine centric diatom Cyclotella cryptica",
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"firstName": "Ming Sai",
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"abstractNote": "Cyclotella cryptica grows well over a wide range of salinities and can therefore be considered a euryhaline species. The content of chlorophylls a and c of this diatom varies little in the medium salinity range but declines markedly in long-term experiments at both the high and low salinity extremes.Transfer of cells from low to high salinities causes a stress condition evidenced by a lag phase in growth, probably resulting from temporary plasmolysis and decreased photosynthetic and protein synthesis capacities. These stress conditions are also associated with rapid accumulation of free amino acids, including proline, either from photoassimilated carbon or from heterotrophic assimilation of glucose in the dark. Transfer of cells back to low salinity conditions results in rapid decreases in these amino acids., Le Cyclotella cryptica pousse bien dans une large gamme de salinités et peut, par conséquent, être considéré comme une espèce euryhaline. Le contenu en chlorophylle a et c de cette diatomée varie peu aux salinités moyennes mais diminue fortement dans les expériences à long terme dans les salinités les plus faibles aussi bien que les plus élevées.Le transfert des cellules d'une faible salinité à une salinité élevée provoque une condition de stress se traduisant par une phase latente dans la croissance, probablement due à une plasmolyse temporaire et à une diminution de la capacité à photosynthétiser et à synthétiser les protéines. Ces conditions de stress sont également associées à une rapide accumulation d'acides aminés libres, y compris la proline, provenant soit du carbone photoassimilé, soit de l'assimilation hétérotrophe du glucose à l'obscurité. Un retour de ces cellules à des conditions de faible salinité s'accompagne d'une rapide diminution de ces acides aminés. [Traduit par le journal]",
"publicationTitle": "Canadian Journal of Botany",
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"pages": "930-937",
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"DOI": "10.1139/b76-097",
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"title": "The genes encoding light-harvesting subunits of Cyclotella cryptica (Bacillariophyceae) constitute a complex and heterogeneous family",
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"abstractNote": "Total RNA was isolated from the diatom Cyclotella cryptica and separated into poly(A)+ and poly(A)− fractions. These fractions were subjected to in vitro translation/immunoprecipitation experiments using an antiserum directed against the predominant light-harvesting complex of Cy. cryptica (ccry antiserum) and a heterologous antiserum raised against the light-harvesting complex of the cryptophyte Cryptomonas maculata (cmac antiserum). From translation reactions programmed with poly(A)+ RNA the ccry-antiserum immunoprecipitated polypeptides with relative molecular weights (Mr) of 27 000, 25 000, 23 000 and 21 000, while the cmac-antiserum precipitated proteins with Mrs of 32 500 and 27 000, respectively. Subsequent cDNA synthesis and immunological screening of the cDNA library with both antisera resulted in the isolation of six cDNA clones encoding light-harvesting subunits. Full-length precursors were 199-210 amino acids in length and had Mrs of 20 000–23 000. The lengths of the putative signal peptides were 29 or 30 amino acids. Pairwise comparison revealed that the similarity between the clones ranged from 54–99% on the nucleotide level and from 36–99% at the amino acid level. In agreement with the data from the screens with the two antisera, the genes clustered into two groups. The data provide evidence that the genes constitute a heterogeneous multigene family and that the light-harvesting system of Cy. cryptica might be as complex as that of higher plants and green algae.",
"publicationTitle": "Molecular and General Genetics MGG",
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"date": "1998/12/01",
"volume": "260",
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"title": "Experimental separation of cell division and silica shell formation in Cyclotella cryptica",
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"abstractNote": "Cytokinesis is inhibited in Cyclotella cryptica, when the cells are subjected to Ca++ or Mg++ deficiency. As a result of such inhibition, two lateral silica shells are formed. These shells surround the cell cylinder of the diatom at the median region between the intercalary connecting bands. Lateral silica shells are distinguished from the normal valves by being slightly rolled and having their marginal region flattened. Both kinds of shells possess the same type of fine structures. Mitotic inhibition through colchicine induces more than one pair of lateral silica shells which appear on the undivided giant cells showing plasmatic growth. Similar giant cells with many lateral shells are produced in the presence of β-phenethyl alcohol. It was concluded that neither the achievement of cytokinesis nor mitosis are prerequistes for lateral silica shell formation. It is rather dependent upon plasmatic growth.",
"publicationTitle": "Archiv für Mikrobiologie",
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"date": "1968/03/01",
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"pages": "17-33",
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"journalAbbreviation": "Archiv. Mikrobiol.",
"DOI": "10.1007/BF00407050",
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"title": "Utilization of amino acids as nitrogen sources, and their effects on nitrate reductase in the marine diatom Cyclotella cryptica",
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"creatorType": "author",
"firstName": "Ming Sai",
"lastName": "Liu"
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"abstractNote": "Several amino acids supplied at 0.1 mM allow good growth of Cyclotella cryptica. The cells can grow as well on arginine and glutamine as on nitrate. Glutamate, proline, ornithine, and asparagine also allow good growth, while glycine, alanine, and aspartate support relatively low initial growth rates. Isoleucine appears not be utilized at all. Ammonium and urea are excellent nitrogen sources for growth.There is good correlation between chlorophyll and protein content in cells grown on different nitrogen sources. Cells grown in nitrate, arginine, and glutamine media contain the highest amount of protein and the best pigmentation. Although both glutamate and proline allowed good growth, cells grown in these media have low levels of protein and chlorophyll, indicating nitrogen limitation. No growth inhibition was observed for any of the amino acids tested at 0.1 mM in the presence of nitrate. It is estimated that amino acids at naturally occurring concentrations may contribute significantly to the nitrogen ec..., non disponible",
"publicationTitle": "Canadian Journal of Microbiology",
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"date": "August 1, 1974",
"volume": "20",
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"partTitle": "",
"pages": "1119-1125",
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"journalAbbreviation": "Can. J. Microbiol.",
"DOI": "10.1139/m74-174",
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"title": "Heterotrophic growth and nutritional aspects of the diatom Cyclotella cryptica (Bacillariophyceae): Effect of some environmental factors",
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"firstName": "Stephen L.",
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"abstractNote": "To investigate the nutritional value of the diatom Cyclotella cryptica (Reimann, Lewin, and Guillard) as an alternative feed for use in the aquaculture industry, the heterotrophic growth characteristics and resultant fatty acid profile of the microalga were studied when cultivated under a variety of controlled salinity and temperature conditions. In addition, the effects of pH on the growth characteristics were also studied. The maximum specific growth rate was affected by initial pH and cultivation temperature, but not by salinity. The optimal pH and temperature ranges for growth were 7.2 to 8.1 and 22.5 to 25.0 °C, respectively. Lipid accumulation and the fatty acid composition were also affected by cultivation temperature and salinity. The optimal temperature range and salinity level for lipid accumulation were 18.0 to 25.0 °C and 11.2 psu, respectively. In all cases the fatty acid distribution was similar, with the most abundant fatty acids being palmitic acid (16:0), palmitoleic acid (16:1 n-7), stearidonic acid (18:4 n-3, SDA), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 n-3, EPA), and decosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3, DHA).",
"publicationTitle": "Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering",
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"date": "March 2010",
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