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online course enrolment numbers grew from 110 in 1994 to almost 87,000 by 2002.

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NetVarsity has developed over 300 courses for an annual enrolment of about 100,000. Course design and development is undertaken by a 'factory' of 400 persons, 100 of which are instructional designers. The curriculum is oriented towards learner comfort and ease of learning, at the learner's pace and convenience.

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-04-07T18:41:35Z", "dateModified": "2011-04-07T18:41:35Z" } }, { "key": "XV66TVQS", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 315, "name": "GNUmedia", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gnumedia", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/315/items/XV66TVQS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gnumedia/items/XV66TVQS", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/315/items/NPAXKEJU", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 11817, "username": "brylie", "name": "Brylie Christopher Oxley", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/brylie", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "XV66TVQS", "version": 1, "parentItem": "NPAXKEJU", "itemType": "note", "note": "With each person or institution who makes this commitment -- and with each effort to further articulate our vision -- we move closer to a world of open, flexible and effective education for all.\nDocument Actions\n\n * Send this\n * Print this\n\nThere are currently 2012 signatories to the Declaration", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-04-07T18:41:35Z", "dateModified": "2011-04-07T18:41:35Z" } }, { "key": "ANTXPGVW", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 315, "name": "GNUmedia", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gnumedia", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/315/items/ANTXPGVW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gnumedia/items/ANTXPGVW", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/315/items/NPAXKEJU", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 11817, "username": "brylie", "name": "Brylie Christopher Oxley", "links": { "alternate": { "href": 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\n

The idea of universal access to research, education, and culture is made possible by the Internet, but our legal and social systems don’t always allow that idea to be realized. Copyright was created long before the emergence of the Internet, and can make it hard to legally perform actions we take for granted on the network: copy, paste, edit source, and post to the Web. The default setting of copyright law requires all of these actions to have explicit permission, granted in advance, whether you’re an artist, teacher, scientist, librarian, policymaker, or just a regular user. To achieve the vision of universal access, someone needed to provide a free, public, and standardized infrastructure that creates a balance between the reality of the Internet and the reality of copyright laws. That someone is Creative Commons.

\n
\n
\n

we provide consists of a set of copyright licenses and tools that create a balance inside the traditional “all rights reserved” setting that copyright law creates.

\n
\n
\n

We build infrastructure at Creative Commons. Our users build the commons itself.

\n
\n
\n

In order to achieve the vision of an Internet full of open content, where users are participants in innovative culture, education, and science, we depend on the backing of our users and those who believe in the potential of the Internet.

\n
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Q²ADPZ ['kwod \"pi-'si] is an open source implementation of a system for distributed computing. The system allows the management/use of the computational power of idle computers in a network. The users of the system can send computing tasks to these computers to be executed, which can be in the form of a dynamic library, an executable program or any program which can be interpreted (Java, Perl, etc.). Platforms supported are Linux, Unix, Win32 and MacOS X. The system is a client-master-slave architecture, using message based communication. Messages between the components of the system are in XML format, and can optionaly be crypted for security reasons. License Open source under the GNU General Public License.

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-04-07T17:25:35Z", "dateModified": "2011-04-07T17:25:35Z" } }, { "key": "CP778ZGN", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 315, "name": "GNUmedia", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gnumedia", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/315/items/CP778ZGN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gnumedia/items/CP778ZGN", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 11817, "username": "brylie", "name": "Brylie Christopher Oxley", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/brylie", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "CP778ZGN", "version": 1, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "QADPZ - An Open Source System for Distributed Computing", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://qadpz.sourceforge.net/", "accessDate": "2009-04-29T05:53:56Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "DJ23WNTS" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-04-07T17:25:35Z", "dateModified": "2011-04-07T17:25:35Z" } }, { "key": "FM3CTIIQ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 315, "name": "GNUmedia", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gnumedia", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/315/items/FM3CTIIQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gnumedia/items/FM3CTIIQ", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/315/items/3MPTQ76F", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 11817, "username": "brylie", "name": "Brylie Christopher Oxley", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/brylie", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "FM3CTIIQ", "version": 1, "parentItem": "3MPTQ76F", "itemType": "note", "note": "

it may also be possible for the community network--by itself or as a member of a cooperative (Feuer, 1993)--to become an Internet provider, possibly attaining both better prices and peace of mind.

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-12-08T07:51:32Z", "dateModified": "2010-12-08T07:51:32Z" } }, { "key": "3MPTQ76F", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 315, "name": "GNUmedia", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gnumedia", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/315/items/3MPTQ76F", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gnumedia/items/3MPTQ76F", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 11817, "username": "brylie", "name": "Brylie Christopher Oxley", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/brylie", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "3MPTQ76F", "version": 1, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "New Community Networks. Chapter 8", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.scn.org/ncn/chpt8.html", "accessDate": "2010-12-08T07:51:30Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "6IU7TTQS" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-12-08T07:51:30Z", "dateModified": "2010-12-08T07:51:30Z" } }, { "key": "GIUFNPJ4", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 315, "name": "GNUmedia", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gnumedia", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/315/items/GIUFNPJ4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gnumedia/items/GIUFNPJ4", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/315/items/3UZAPTRT", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 11817, "username": "brylie", "name": "Brylie Christopher Oxley", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/brylie", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "GIUFNPJ4", "version": 1, "parentItem": "3UZAPTRT", "itemType": "note", "note": "

Infrastructure providers including Internet providers, telephone companies, and cable television companies influence individual community networks directly through their rates and policies. Their influence is much broader than that, however, largely because of their strong role in the creation of public policy through lobbying and public relations work

he magnitude of actions of such companies has the potential to swamp issues of access and participation that are so critical to the development of community-oriented, democratic technology.

Since community networks will depend increasingly on these providers (which may ultimately involve Public Utility Districts) for their technological infrastructure, it is important to secure the best relationship possible. This generally means negotiating the best possible rate, but it sometimes means securing bandwidth for the network, especially when resources are limited.

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-12-08T07:50:15Z", "dateModified": "2010-12-08T07:50:59Z" } }, { "key": "3UZAPTRT", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 315, "name": "GNUmedia", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gnumedia", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/315/items/3UZAPTRT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gnumedia/items/3UZAPTRT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 11817, "username": "brylie", "name": "Brylie Christopher Oxley", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/brylie", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "3UZAPTRT", "version": 1, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "New Community Networks. Chapter 8", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.scn.org/ncn/chpt8.html", "accessDate": "2010-12-08T07:50:13Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "6IU7TTQS" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-12-08T07:50:13Z", "dateModified": "2010-12-08T07:50:13Z" } }, { "key": "GJI6X7TR", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 315, "name": "GNUmedia", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gnumedia", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/315/items/GJI6X7TR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gnumedia/items/GJI6X7TR", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/315/items/KJJXRRZG", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 11817, "username": "brylie", "name": "Brylie Christopher Oxley", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/brylie", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "GJI6X7TR", "version": 1, "parentItem": "KJJXRRZG", "itemType": "note", "note": "

There are many organizations helping to shape issues and represent concerns of nascent community enterprises in larger contexts—in government, in media, and in the general consciousness of the citizenry. Many of these organizations are specifically interested in computer-network issues: the Center for Civic Networking, Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility, the Institute for Global Communication, the Morino Institute, and the National Public Telecommunications Network.

In early 1994, a number of nonprofit groups headquartered in Washington DC, started the Telecommunication Policy Roundtable (TPR, 1994), an informal coalition that meets monthly to present information and proposals. The TPR group and many other advocacy organizations have published numerous white papers on their recommendations for telecommunications such as "A Vision of Change" (CCN, 1993) by the Center for Civic Networking.

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To build strong communities we must focus on communities as well as the context that surrounds the communities; we must look and work simultaneously inside the communities and outside the communities.

A largely unrealized but potentially powerful alliance of librarians, educators, network and bulletin-board systems users, community activists, social service providers, government agencies, and concerned computer professionals has been growing that helps develop community networks, but is involved in all aspects of democratic communications technology as well.

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Grundner's attention has been focused on ways in which community networks can be institutionalized. One such approach involves the creation of a "Corporation for Public Cybercasting," modelled somewhat along the lines of the U.S. Public Broadcasting System, that would help develop and maintain community networks by leveraging community resources with federal support (Grundner, 1993a). Grundner has very strong feelings in this area: The first is that the U.S. taxpayer paid for development of the Internet and subsidized its use for many years and, consequently, should reap some of the benefits. Another is that Free-Net community networks should have no fees associated with their use--they must be free to use, much as public libraries are free to use. Grundner believes that free public computer networks will be as important to the twenty-first century as free public libraries are to the twentieth century.

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NPTN provides useful services, particularly through their "blue book,"which describes both organizational and technical advice on setting up community networks.

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Academic institutions have also influenced the development of community networks in various communities and could conceivably play a larger role in the future.

Universities have often provided the site and resources for a Free-Net or community network.

Many large universities seemingly have bigger fish to fry and appear to be relatively uninterested in the community in which they happen to be physically located. For that reason it may be more fruitful to work with community colleges or smaller schools. Other universities have cited the "appropriate use"and other restrictions (now largely historic) placed on them by their Internet provider to support their decision not to work with community-network developers.

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