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Craig", "lastName": "Hawbaker" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Cynthia K.", "lastName": "Wagner" } ], "abstractNote": "This article compares the costs and benefits of periodical ownership against online access of a fulltext periodicals database in one academic library. A fulltext database allows the library to offer more than twice as many journals as it does currently for a 15% increase in expenditures.", "publicationTitle": "The Journal of Academic Librarianship", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1996", "volume": "22", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "105-109", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "The Journal of Academic Librarianship", "DOI": "10.1016/S0099-1333(96)90176-7", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0099133396901767", "accessDate": "2014-12-12T19:56:25Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0099-1333", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Periodical ownership versus fulltext online access", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-12-12T19:56:25Z", "dateModified": "2014-12-12T19:56:25Z" } }, { "key": "BJE3AHXU", "version": 29, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 313812, "name": "cost_benefit", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cost_benefit", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/313812/items/BJE3AHXU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cost_benefit/items/BJE3AHXU", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/313812/items/NDMK8SJK", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1518741, "username": "kinyetta", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kinyetta", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BJE3AHXU", "version": 29, "parentItem": "NDMK8SJK", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2014-12-12T19:51:58Z", "url": "http://lis.sagepub.com/content/44/3/185.full.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Melo and Pires - 2012 - Which factors influence the willingness to pay for.pdf", "md5": "f64c7f5935a60b900bbc473e6e7c4c5d", "mtime": 1418413922000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-12-12T19:51:58Z", "dateModified": "2014-12-12T19:52:02Z" } }, { "key": "TA4VU8Z8", "version": 29, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 313812, "name": "cost_benefit", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cost_benefit", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/313812/items/TA4VU8Z8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cost_benefit/items/TA4VU8Z8", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/313812/items/NDMK8SJK", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1518741, "username": "kinyetta", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kinyetta", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "TA4VU8Z8", "version": 29, "parentItem": "NDMK8SJK", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2014-12-12T19:51:58Z", "url": "http://lis.sagepub.com/content/44/3/185.abstract", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "185.html", "md5": "b306059692992b7577bdf35171e8aa33", "mtime": 1418413918000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-12-12T19:51:58Z", "dateModified": "2014-12-12T19:51:58Z" } }, { "key": "NDMK8SJK", "version": 28, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 313812, "name": "cost_benefit", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cost_benefit", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/313812/items/NDMK8SJK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cost_benefit/items/NDMK8SJK", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1518741, "username": "kinyetta", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kinyetta", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Melo and Pires", "parsedDate": "2012-09-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "NDMK8SJK", "version": 28, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Which factors influence the willingness to pay for electronic library services? A study of the Portuguese electronic scientific information consortium b-on", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Luiza Baptista", "lastName": "Melo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Cesaltina", "lastName": "Pires" } ], "abstractNote": "This paper investigates the factors that influence the value for the users of the Portuguese electronic scientific information consortium b-on (Biblioteca do Conhecimento Online). We used the contingent valuation method based on a willingness to pay scenario to estimate the value that each user is willing to pay. Data were collected through an e-survey sent to all Portuguese academic users. The main aims of this study are: (1) to investigate whether the willingness to pay is influenced by a set of factors (the frequency of use, whether the user previously knew b-on or not, the type of the user, the scientific area of the user, and the institution of the user); and (2) to estimate the demand function of b-on services as function of the price and the previously mentioned factors. In order to achieve these objectives we use several regression analysis techniques – OLS, Tobit model, linear probability model (LPM), Logit and Probit models. The results show that the factors studied are all important explanatory variables of the willingness to pay for b-on and important determinants of demand for b-on services. Moreover, the demand for b-on services is quite sensitive to the ‘price’.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Librarianship and Information Science", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2012-09-01", "volume": "44", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "185-198", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Journal of Librarianship and Information Science", "DOI": "10.1177/0961000611408645", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://lis.sagepub.com/content/44/3/185", "accessDate": "2014-12-12T19:51:58Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0961-0006, 1741-6477", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Which factors influence the willingness to pay for electronic library services?", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "lis.sagepub.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Academic Libraries", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "contingent valuation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "electronic sources", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "regression analysis", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-12-12T19:51:58Z", "dateModified": "2014-12-12T19:51:58Z" } }, { "key": "MUVJ6Q8P", "version": 27, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 313812, "name": "cost_benefit", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cost_benefit", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/313812/items/MUVJ6Q8P", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cost_benefit/items/MUVJ6Q8P", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1518741, "username": "kinyetta", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kinyetta", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Henry S. Richardson", "parsedDate": "2000-06-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "MUVJ6Q8P", "version": 27, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Stupidity of the Cost‐Benefit Standard", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "By", "lastName": "Henry S. Richardson" } ], "abstractNote": "Abstract Cost‐benefit analysis (CBA) is often touted as providing not just an important base of information useful in evaluating government programs, but a general standard of public choice that will help insure the wise and intelligent use of our limited resources. This article argues that (wholly apart from its deficiencies in other respects) CBA cannot provide such a standard. Intelligent deliberation is shown to require a willingness and ability to refashion aims in light of new information that comes in. Cost‐benefit analysis, both in general and as a possible standard of choice in the context of democratic lawmaking, makes no room for this crucial aspect of intelligent deliberation. Calling its standard “stupid” for this want of intelligence would be unwarranted if no more intelligent mode of political decision making were available, but there is. The article closes by sketching this superior mode.", "publicationTitle": "The Journal of Legal Studies", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "June 1, 2000", "volume": "29", "issue": "S2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "971-1003", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "The Journal of Legal Studies", "DOI": "10.1086/jls.2000.29.issue-s2", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/468102", "accessDate": "2014-12-12T19:49:18Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0047-2530", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "JSTOR", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Copyright © 2000 The University of Chicago", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-12-12T19:49:18Z", "dateModified": "2014-12-12T19:49:18Z" } }, { "key": "VRW7P7A8", "version": 26, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 313812, "name": "cost_benefit", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cost_benefit", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/313812/items/VRW7P7A8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cost_benefit/items/VRW7P7A8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1518741, "username": "kinyetta", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kinyetta", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Robert H. Frank", "parsedDate": "2000-06-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "VRW7P7A8", "version": 26, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Why Is Cost‐Benefit Analysis so Controversial?", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "By", "lastName": "Robert H. Frank" } ], "abstractNote": "Abstract The cost‐benefit principle says we should take those actions, and only those actions, whose benefits exceed their costs. For many, this principle's commonsensical ring makes it hard to imagine how anyone could disagree. Yet critics of cost‐benefit analysis are both numerous and outspoken. Many of them argue that cost‐benefit analysis is unacceptable as a matter of principle. I begin by noting why many find this argument largely unpersuasive. I then examine several conventions adopted by cost‐benefit analysts that do appear to yield misleading prescriptions. Finally, I consider the possibility that the cost‐benefit principle may itself suggest why we might not always want to employ cost‐benefit analysis as the explicit rationale for our actions.", "publicationTitle": "The Journal of Legal Studies", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "June 1, 2000", "volume": "29", "issue": "S2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "913-930", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "The Journal of Legal Studies", "DOI": "10.1086/jls.2000.29.issue-s2", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/468099", "accessDate": "2014-12-12T19:47:56Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0047-2530", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "JSTOR", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Copyright © 2000 The University of Chicago", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-12-12T19:47:56Z", "dateModified": "2014-12-12T19:47:56Z" } }, { "key": "VK7BNKX3", "version": 25, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 313812, "name": "cost_benefit", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cost_benefit", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/313812/items/VK7BNKX3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cost_benefit/items/VK7BNKX3", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/313812/items/UC6PNRW4", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1518741, "username": "kinyetta", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kinyetta", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "VK7BNKX3", "version": 25, "parentItem": "UC6PNRW4", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2014-12-12T19:47:16Z", "url": "http://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ580164", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "eric.ed.gov.html", "md5": "bab1b1163668f97685ed4c20b231677c", "mtime": 1418413637000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-12-12T19:47:16Z", "dateModified": "2014-12-12T19:47:16Z" } }, { "key": "UC6PNRW4", "version": 24, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 313812, "name": "cost_benefit", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cost_benefit", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/313812/items/UC6PNRW4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cost_benefit/items/UC6PNRW4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1518741, "username": "kinyetta", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kinyetta", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "White and Crawford", "parsedDate": "1998", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "UC6PNRW4", "version": 24, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Cost-Benefit Analysis of Electronic Information: A Case Study", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gary W.", "lastName": "White" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gregory A.", "lastName": "Crawford" } ], "abstractNote": "Describes a study at Pennsylvania State University Harrisburg in which cost-benefit analysis (CBA) was used to examine the cost effectiveness of an electronic database. Concludes that librarians can use the results of CBA studies to justify budgets and acquisitions and to provide insight into the true costs of providing library services. (PEN)", "publicationTitle": "College & Research Libraries", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1998/00/00", "volume": "59", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "503-10", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "2014-12-12T19:47:16Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0010-0870", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Cost-Benefit Analysis of Electronic Information", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "ERIC", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Academic Libraries", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Case Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cost Effectiveness", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Databases", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Higher Education", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Librarians", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Library Acquisition", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Library Expenditures", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Library Services", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-12-12T19:47:16Z", "dateModified": "2014-12-12T19:47:16Z" } }, { "key": "GEFGCU2X", "version": 23, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 313812, "name": "cost_benefit", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cost_benefit", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/313812/items/GEFGCU2X", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cost_benefit/items/GEFGCU2X", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/313812/items/E7K24VVQ", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1518741, "username": "kinyetta", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kinyetta", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "GEFGCU2X", "version": 23, "parentItem": "E7K24VVQ", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2014-12-12T19:42:18Z", "url": "http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=313493", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "papers.html", "md5": "313d9852ebf3fe5aabe744856db857f6", "mtime": 1418413339000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-12-12T19:42:18Z", "dateModified": "2014-12-12T19:42:18Z" } }, { "key": "E7K24VVQ", "version": 22, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 313812, "name": "cost_benefit", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cost_benefit", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/313812/items/E7K24VVQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cost_benefit/items/E7K24VVQ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1518741, "username": "kinyetta", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kinyetta", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Tirole and Lerner", "parsedDate": "2002-11-14", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "E7K24VVQ", "version": 22, "itemType": "report", "title": "Some Simple Economics of Open Source", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jean", "lastName": "Tirole" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Josh", "lastName": "Lerner" } ], "abstractNote": "There has been a recent surge of interest in open source software development, which involves developers at many different locations and organizations sharing code to develop and refine programs. To an economist, the behavior of individual programmers and commercial companies engaged in open source projects is initially startling. This paper makes a preliminary exploration of the economics of open source software. We highlight the extent to which labor economics, especially the literature on 'career concerns', and industrial organization theory can explain many of these projects' features. We conclude by listing interesting research questions related to open source software.", "reportNumber": "ID 313493", "reportType": "SSRN Scholarly Paper", "institution": "Social Science Research Network", "place": "Rochester, NY", "date": "2002/11/14", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=313493", "accessDate": "2014-12-12T19:42:18Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "papers.ssrn.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Jean Tirole", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Josh Lerner", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "SSRN", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Some Simple Economics of Open Source", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-12-12T19:42:18Z", "dateModified": "2014-12-12T19:42:18Z" } }, { "key": "EJQUWCW7", "version": 21, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 313812, "name": "cost_benefit", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cost_benefit", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/313812/items/EJQUWCW7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cost_benefit/items/EJQUWCW7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1518741, "username": "kinyetta", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kinyetta", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Economides and Katsamakas", "parsedDate": "2006-07", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "EJQUWCW7", "version": 21, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Two-Sided Competition of Proprietary vs. Open Source Technology Platforms and the Implications for the Software Industry", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nicholas", "lastName": "Economides" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Evangelos", "lastName": "Katsamakas" } ], "abstractNote": "Technology platforms, such as Microsoft Windows, are the hubs of technology industries. We develop a framework to characterize the optimal two-sided pricing strategy of a platform firm; that is, the pricing strategy toward the direct users of the platform as well as toward firms offering applications that are complementary to the platform. We compare industry structures based on a proprietary platform (such as Windows) with those based on an open source platform (such as Linux), and analyze the structure of competition and industry implications in terms of pricing, sales, profitability, and social welfare. We find that, when the platform is proprietary, the equilibrium prices for the platform, the applications, and the platform access fee for applications may be below marginal cost, and we characterize demand conditions that lead to this. The proprietary applications sector of an industry based on an open source platform may be more profitable than the total profits of a proprietary platform industry. When users have a strong preference for application variety, the total profits of the proprietary industry are larger than the total profits of an industry based on an open source platform. The variety of applications is larger when the platform is open source. When a system based on an open source platform with an independent proprietary application competes with a proprietary system, the proprietary system is likely to dominate the open source platform industry both in terms of market share and profitability. This may explain the dominance of Microsoft in the market for PC operating systems.", "publicationTitle": "Manage. Sci.", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "July 2006", "volume": "52", "issue": "7", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1057–1071", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1287/mnsc.1060.0549", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1060.0549", "accessDate": "2014-12-12T19:40:51Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0025-1909", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ACM Digital Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Network Externalities", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Open source software", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "complements", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "network effects", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "networks", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "software industry structure", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "systems", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "technology platforms", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-12-12T19:40:51Z", "dateModified": "2014-12-12T19:40:51Z" } }, { "key": "XZ4QZGFZ", "version": 20, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 313812, "name": "cost_benefit", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cost_benefit", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/313812/items/XZ4QZGFZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cost_benefit/items/XZ4QZGFZ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1518741, "username": "kinyetta", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kinyetta", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Zhu and Zhou", "parsedDate": "2012-06", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "XZ4QZGFZ", "version": 20, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Research Note—Lock-In Strategy in Software Competition: Open-Source Software vs. Proprietary Software", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kevin Xiaoguo", "lastName": "Zhu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Zach Zhizhong", "lastName": "Zhou" } ], "abstractNote": "Open-source software poses a serious challenge to proprietary software vendors. “Lock in customers” seems a tempting strategy for proprietary software vendors, who attempt to lock in customers by creating switching costs. This paper examines whether such a lock-in strategy will indeed benefit proprietary software vendors facing competition from open-source software, who can credibly commit future prices. Developing a two-period duopoly model in which software products are differentiated and customers are heterogeneous, we find that the lock-in strategy is actually counterproductive in competing against open-source software. In fact, giving customers the freedom of choice may end up benefiting the proprietary software vendor. In terms of the broader effect, we find that lock-in reduces overall social welfare, but certain customers may actually be better off with it. Finally, we show that the lock-in strategy works differently for different types of customers in the software market (i.e., foresighted versus myopic customers). This suggests that customer behavior could significantly alter the equilibrium strategy of software vendors.", "publicationTitle": "Info. Sys. Research", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "June 2012", "volume": "23", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "536–545", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1287/isre.1110.0358", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/isre.1110.0358", "accessDate": "2014-12-12T19:39:23Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1526-5536", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Research Note—Lock-In Strategy in Software Competition", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ACM Digital Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Competition", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "game theory", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "lock-in", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "open-source software", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "proprietary software", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "software", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "switching cost", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-12-12T19:39:23Z", "dateModified": "2014-12-12T19:39:23Z" } }, { "key": "V48THJZF", "version": 19, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 313812, "name": "cost_benefit", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cost_benefit", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/313812/items/V48THJZF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/cost_benefit/items/V48THJZF", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1518741, "username": "kinyetta", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kinyetta", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Cheng et al.", "parsedDate": "2011-04", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "V48THJZF", "version": 19, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Impact of Network Externalities on the Competition Between Open Source and Proprietary Software", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Hsing", "lastName": "Cheng" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Yipeng", "lastName": "Liu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Qian", "lastName": "Tang" } ], "abstractNote": "In this paper, we build analytical models to examine the impact of network externalities on the competition between open source software (OSS) and proprietary software. We investigate the competing OSS and proprietary software products with comparable functionalities in four different scenarios depending on whether they are compatible with each other and whether the underlying market is fully covered (i.e., all consumers adopt one of the two products). Furthermore, we study which party has the most incentive to make its product compatible with its counterpart. When the market is fully covered, the installed base and the profit of proprietary software increase at the expense of a decreasing user base for OSS in the presence of network externalities. This competitive imbalance becomes more pronounced when OSS and proprietary software are incompatible and the market is partially covered. Finally, we find that in the presence of network externalities, being compatible with its rival is not desirable for the proprietary software, but highly beneficial to the OSS community.", "publicationTitle": "J. Manage. Inf. Syst.", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "April 2011", "volume": "27", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "201–230", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.2753/MIS0742-1222270407", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/MIS0742-1222270407", "accessDate": "2014-12-12T18:14:43Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0742-1222", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ACM Digital Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Competition", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Network Externalities", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Open source software", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Software Compatibility", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-12-12T18:14:43Z", "dateModified": "2014-12-12T18:14:43Z" } } ]