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Trust me, I’m a cop: Renee Mitchell at TEDxOxbridge", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "director", "name": "TEDx Talks" } ], "abstractNote": "Policing has become a conveyor belt of criminal apprehension feeding the criminal justice system so that statistics for arrest and prosecution remain high. It is time for policing to return to Peel's original vision of policing and for police to deter crime and disorder while maintaining community relations.\n \nSergeant Renée Mitchell is a longtime public servant at the Sacramento Police Department since just before the turn of the century. She holds a Bachelor of Science in Psychology from the University of California, Davis, a Master of Arts in Counseling Psychology from the University of San Francisco, a Master of Business Administration from the California State University, Sacramento and a Juris Doctorate from the University of the Pacific, McGeorge School of Law. She was a 2009/2010 Fulbright Police Research Fellow at the University of Cambridge. Currently, she is a Jerry Lee Scholar at the Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge and a Police Fellow with Police Foundation.\n\nThis talk was part of the \"Defining Today\" session at TEDxOxbridge \"Timeless Ideas\" in Oxford, England at the Said Business School on June 1, 2013. Find out more about TEDxOxbridge at www.tedxoxbridge.com or on Facebook or Twitter (@tedxoxbridge).\n \nAbout TEDx, x = independently organized event\nIn the spirit of ideas worth spreading, TEDx is a program of local, self-organized events that bring people together to share a TED-like experience. At a TEDx event, TEDTalks video and live speakers combine to spark deep discussion and connection in a small group. These local, self-organized events are branded TEDx, where x = independently organized TED event. 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As a founding member of the American Society of Evidence Based Policing, she believes that science gives us hope that policing can and will change for the better.\n\nRenée J. Mitchell is a police sergeant with sixteen years of experience at the Sacramento Police Department. She holds multiple advanced degrees, and uses an academic approach to improve policing. She has designed and implemented surveys and field trials to help advance evidence-based practices to a variety of policing disciplines. Renée gave her first TEDx talk at TEDxOxbridge in 2013.\n\nThis talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community. 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Although the aforementioned stressors in policing are well documented, less is known about the social stressors experienced. Guided by Agnew's (Agnew, R., 1992. Foundation for a general strain theory of crime and delinquency. Criminology, 30, 47–87; Agnew, R., 2006. Pressured into crime: An overview of general strain theory. Los Angeles, CA: Roxbury Publishing) General Strain Theory and using self-report online survey data from 750 American police officers, this study examines the relationship between critical incidents, negative coping, and social stressors, and officer problematic alcohol use and posttraumatic stress symptoms, controlling for demographics. Results from hierarchical OLS regressions indicate that critical incidents are positively associated with alcohol use and PTSD symptoms. Coping mediates the relationship between critical incident and alcohol use, and is both directly and indirectly associated with PTSD symptoms. Social stressors reported by officers were not associated with alcohol use, but were related to PTSD symptoms above and beyond critical incidents, negative coping, alcohol use, and other variables in the model. The final models account for 12% of the variance in alcohol use and 53% of the variance in PTSD symptoms. Theoretical and policy implications of these results are discussed.", "publicationTitle": "International Journal of Stress Management", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2013", "volume": "20", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "37-56", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10/f4nsbg", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1573-3424(Electronic);1072-5245(Print)", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Police officer alcohol use and trauma symptoms", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "APA PsycNET", "callNumber": "", "rights": "(c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "#nosource" }, { "tag": "*Alcohol Drinking Patterns", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*Coping Behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*Police Personnel", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*Posttraumatic Stress Disorder", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*Social Stress", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Alcohol Abuse", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "2PUE42CU", "43JU7P2I" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-07-09T02:42:50Z", "dateModified": "2022-07-31T00:40:55Z" } }, { "key": "D9R4I6R8", "version": 704, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 312147, "name": "Police Use of Force, Police Data Transparency (US focus)", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/police_use_of_force_police_data_transparency_us_focus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/312147/items/D9R4I6R8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/police_use_of_force_police_data_transparency_us_focus/items/D9R4I6R8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 192186, "username": "ra", "name": "Rachelle Annechino", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ra", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 3696742, "username": "mydjtl", "name": "DJTL", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mydjtl", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ray et al.", "parsedDate": "2017", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "D9R4I6R8", "version": 704, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Can Cameras Stop the Killings? Racial Differences in Perceptions of the Effectiveness of Body-Worn Cameras in Police Encounters,", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rashawn", "lastName": "Ray" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kris", "lastName": "Marsh" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Connor", "lastName": "Powelson" } ], "abstractNote": "Recent killings of blacks by police have renewed a national discussion about crime, racism, unjust treatment, and implicit bias. Outfitting police officers with body-worn cameras (BWC) is heralded by federal and state lawmakers as one solution to providing more transparency during police encounters. Missing from this discussion is what everyday citizens think about the potential effectiveness of BWC. Using data on residents of Prince George's County, Maryland, this study explores racial differences in views about police treatment and the effectiveness of BWC. We find that nonwhites report more fear of and mistreatment by the police than whites. Regarding BWC, we find that respondents are either supporters or skeptics. On one hand, respondents either believe that BWC will illuminate the difficulties of policing—police supporters—or create more transparency to hold officers more accountable for their actions—citizen supporters. On the other hand, skeptics fall into one of two types—respondents who think that BWC may put police officers more at risks—privacy skeptics—or those who do not see BWC as structurally changing the power dynamics between citizens and police officers—structural skeptics. We conclude by discussing how BWC may operate as a solution to improve interactions between citizens and the police but not necessarily alter power relations.", "publicationTitle": "Sociological Forum", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2017", "volume": "32", "issue": "S1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1032-1050", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10/ghxtjz", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/socf.12359", "accessDate": "2020-06-19T14:37:39Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1573-7861", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Can Cameras Stop the Killings?", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "© 2017 Eastern Sociological Society", "extra": "00000 \n_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/socf.12359", "tags": [ { "tag": "#nosource" }, { "tag": "body-worn cameras", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "police", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "race", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "racism", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "social control", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "violence", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "B83GGKMU", "EXW7KHXV" ], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/314300/items/T934MWFC" }, "dateAdded": "2020-06-19T14:38:13Z", "dateModified": "2022-07-31T00:40:54Z" } }, { "key": "T29FVRX9", "version": 704, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 312147, "name": "Police Use of Force, Police Data Transparency (US focus)", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/police_use_of_force_police_data_transparency_us_focus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/312147/items/T29FVRX9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/police_use_of_force_police_data_transparency_us_focus/items/T29FVRX9", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 192186, "username": "ra", "name": "Rachelle Annechino", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ra", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 3696742, "username": "mydjtl", "name": "DJTL", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mydjtl", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Gilbert and Ray", "parsedDate": "2016-04-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "T29FVRX9", "version": 704, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Why Police Kill Black Males with Impunity: Applying Public Health Critical Race Praxis (PHCRP) to Address the Determinants of Policing Behaviors and “Justifiable” Homicides in the USA", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Keon L.", "lastName": "Gilbert" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rashawn", "lastName": "Ray" } ], "abstractNote": "Widespread awareness of the recent deaths of several black males at the hands of police has revealed an unaddressed public health challenge—determining the root causes of excessive use of force by police applied to black males that may result in “justifiable homicides.” The criminalization of black males has a long history in the USA, which has resulted in an increase in policing behaviors by legal authorities and created inequitable life chances for black males. Currently, the discipline of public health has not applied an intersectional approach that investigates the intersection of race and gender to understanding police behaviors that lead to “justifiable homicides” for black males. This article applies the core tenets and processes of Public Health Critical Race Praxis (PHCRP) to develop a framework that can improve research and interventions to address the disparities observed in recent trend analyses of “justifiable homicides.” Accordingly, we use PHCRP to offer an alternative framework on the social, legal, and health implications of violence-related incidents. We aim to move the literature in this area forward to help scholars, policymakers, and activists build the capacity of communities to address the excessive use of force by police to reduce mortality rates from “justifiable homicides.”", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Urban Health", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2016-04-01", "volume": "93", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "122-140", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Urban Health", "DOI": "10/b38g", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-015-0005-x", "accessDate": "2020-06-19T14:32:17Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1468-2869", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Why Police Kill Black Males with Impunity", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Springer Link", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "#nosource" } ], "collections": [ "2PUE42CU", "EXW7KHXV", "FA4MBUQE" ], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/314300/items/2UH4ZK75" }, "dateAdded": "2020-06-19T14:36:28Z", "dateModified": "2022-07-31T00:40:54Z" } }, { "key": "JR2RVC8S", "version": 727, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 312147, "name": "Police Use of Force, Police Data Transparency (US focus)", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/police_use_of_force_police_data_transparency_us_focus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/312147/items/JR2RVC8S", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/police_use_of_force_police_data_transparency_us_focus/items/JR2RVC8S", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 192186, "username": "ra", "name": "Rachelle Annechino", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ra", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 3696742, "username": "mydjtl", "name": "DJTL", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mydjtl", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Gilbert et al.", "parsedDate": "2018-01-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "JR2RVC8S", "version": 727, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "The Matter of Lives Underneath Black Male Skin: Using Theory and Media to Explore the Case of “Justifiable Homicides” for Black Males", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Keon L.", "lastName": "Gilbert" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rashawn", "lastName": "Ray" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "W. Carson", "lastName": "Byrd" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Joseph", "lastName": "Richardson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Odis", "lastName": "Johnson" } ], "abstractNote": "There is a peculiar problem in the US that is proving to challenge core values that undergird our laws, interpersonal interactions, and challenge the civil rights of many. American society believes in harsh sentences for committing crimes without a system for rehabilitation from crime and absent from resources from a community level to prevent crimes. As crime has declined since the 1990s, policing behavior has grown to a level that reflects a disregard for humanity resulting in police-involved shootings, also known as “justifiable homicides” or deaths by legal intervention. This peculiar problem reifies old notions of racial inferiority and racial profiling that stem from a long history of lynchings in America, and highlights a broken legal system that shows bias toward poor communities and communities not of the racial and ethnic majority. When laws support one racial or ethnic group and those with resources, other communities become invisible and subjected to state-sanctioned violence that allows some police agencies and police officers to engage in behaviors that do not reflect their training foster an overwhelming sense of fear in these communities. We have observed that when communities fear the police and the larger society disbelieves the negative interactions with police, residents have begun to capture police encounters with community members on social media. Despite the video footage that has been collected documenting abuse of power, some police have been granted impunity for their actions, which further fuels fear in these communities. What we propose are ways to frame and solve negative police encounters with communities through an understanding of: (1) racial biases; (2) racial and gender consciousness; (3) ways to provide more equitable policing practices; (4) the enforcement of legal remedies for those who abuse power; and (5) the prevention of acts of discrimination by holding individuals culpable who informally police Black males. We believe these strategies aid in addressing the historical legacy of these behaviors and moves multiple systems and disciplines toward integrated solutions to eliminate “justifiable homicides.”", "bookTitle": "Inequality, Crime, and Health Among African American Males", "series": "Research in Race and Ethnic Relations", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "20", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2018-01-01", "publisher": "Emerald Publishing Limited", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "171-183", "ISBN": "978-1-78635-051-0 978-1-78635-052-7", "DOI": "10.1108/S0195-744920180000020011", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1108/S0195-744920180000020011", "accessDate": "2020-06-19T14:42:32Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The Matter of Lives Underneath Black Male Skin", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Emerald Insight", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00000", "tags": [ { "tag": "#nosource" }, { "tag": "Black males", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Health", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Masculinity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Police", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Race", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Racism", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "2PUE42CU", "EXW7KHXV" ], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/314300/items/ZT3NMU72" }, "dateAdded": "2020-06-19T14:43:25Z", "dateModified": "2022-07-31T00:40:53Z" } }, { "key": "932C7RSL", "version": 704, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 312147, "name": "Police Use of Force, Police Data Transparency (US focus)", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/police_use_of_force_police_data_transparency_us_focus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/312147/items/932C7RSL", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/police_use_of_force_police_data_transparency_us_focus/items/932C7RSL", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 192186, "username": "ra", "name": "Rachelle Annechino", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ra", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 3696742, "username": "mydjtl", "name": "DJTL", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mydjtl", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hirschfield", "parsedDate": "2015", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "932C7RSL", "version": 704, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Lethal Policing: Making Sense of American Exceptionalism", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Paul J.", "lastName": "Hirschfield" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Sociological Forum", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "12/2015", "volume": "30", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1109-1117", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Sociol Forum", "DOI": "10/ghxrsh", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/socf.12200", "accessDate": "2020-06-05T21:24:53Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "08848971", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Lethal Policing", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "DOI.org (Crossref)", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00000", "tags": [ { "tag": "#nosource" } ], "collections": [ "2PUE42CU" ], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/314300/items/TIESU4YL" }, "dateAdded": "2020-06-05T22:01:59Z", "dateModified": "2022-07-31T00:40:53Z" } }, { "key": "Z8XCU5YE", "version": 728, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 312147, "name": "Police Use of Force, Police Data Transparency (US focus)", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/police_use_of_force_police_data_transparency_us_focus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/312147/items/Z8XCU5YE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/police_use_of_force_police_data_transparency_us_focus/items/Z8XCU5YE", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 192186, "username": "ra", "name": "Rachelle Annechino", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ra", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 3696742, "username": "mydjtl", "name": "DJTL", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mydjtl", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Feldman et al.", "parsedDate": "2019", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "Z8XCU5YE", "version": 728, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Police-Related Deaths and Neighborhood Economic and Racial/Ethnic Polarization, United States, 2015-2016", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Justin M.", "lastName": "Feldman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sofia", "lastName": "Gruskin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Brent A.", "lastName": "Coull" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nancy", "lastName": "Krieger" } ], "abstractNote": "OBJECTIVES: To estimate the association between rates of police-related deaths and neighborhood residential segregation (by income, race/ethnicity, or both combined) in the United States.\nMETHODS: We identified police-related deaths that occurred in the United States (2015-2016) using a data set from the Guardian newspaper. We used census data to estimate expected police-related death counts for all US census tracts and to calculate the Index of Concentration at the Extremes as a segregation measure. We used multilevel negative binomial models for the analyses.\nRESULTS: Overall, police-related death rates were highest in neighborhoods with the greatest concentrations of low-income residents (vs high-income residents) and residents of color (vs non-Hispanic White residents). For non-Hispanic Blacks, however, the risk was greater in the quintile of neighborhoods with the highest concentration of non-Hispanic White residents than in certain neighborhoods with relatively higher concentrations of residents of color (the third and fourth quintiles).\nCONCLUSIONS: Neighborhood context matters-beyond individual race/ethnicity-for understanding, preventing, and responding to the occurrence of police-related deaths. Public Health Implications. Efforts to monitor, prevent, and respond to police-related deaths should consider neighborhood context, including levels of segregation by income and race/ethnicity.", "publicationTitle": "American Journal of Public Health", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "03 2019", "volume": "109", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "458-464", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Am J Public Health", "DOI": "10/dqzw", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "30676802", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1541-0048", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00000", "tags": [ { "tag": "#nosource" }, { "tag": "Cause of Death", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Ethnic Groups", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Forecasting", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Police", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Poverty", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Residence Characteristics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Socioeconomic Factors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "United States", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Urban Population", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "2PUE42CU" ], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/314300/items/H57N4KKG" }, "dateAdded": "2020-06-05T22:01:38Z", "dateModified": "2022-07-31T00:40:52Z" } }, { "key": "NI86E4JX", "version": 703, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 312147, "name": "Police Use of Force, Police Data Transparency (US focus)", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/police_use_of_force_police_data_transparency_us_focus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/312147/items/NI86E4JX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/police_use_of_force_police_data_transparency_us_focus/items/NI86E4JX", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 192186, "username": "ra", "name": "Rachelle Annechino", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ra", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 3696742, "username": "mydjtl", "name": "DJTL", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mydjtl", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Alang et al.", "parsedDate": "2017-03-21", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "NI86E4JX", "version": 703, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Police Brutality and Black Health: Setting the Agenda for Public Health Scholars", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sirry", "lastName": "Alang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Donna", "lastName": "McAlpine" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ellen", "lastName": "McCreedy" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rachel", "lastName": "Hardeman" } ], "abstractNote": "We investigated links between police brutality and poor health outcomes among Blacks and identified five intersecting pathways: (1) fatal injuries that increase population-specific mortality rates; (2) adverse physiological responses that increase morbidity; (3) racist public reactions that cause stress; (4) arrests, incarcerations, and legal, medical, and funeral bills that cause financial strain; and (5) integrated oppressive structures that cause systematic disempowerment.Public health scholars should champion efforts to implement surveillance of police brutality and press funders to support research to understand the experiences of people faced with police brutality. We must ask whether our own research, teaching, and service are intentionally antiracist and challenge the institutions we work in to ask the same.To reduce racial health inequities, public health scholars must rigorously explore the relationship between police brutality and health, and advocate policies that address racist oppression.", "publicationTitle": "American Journal of Public Health", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "March 21, 2017", "volume": "107", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "662-665", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Am J Public Health", "DOI": "10/ggswnr", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/abs/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303691", "accessDate": "2020-06-05T21:27:37Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0090-0036", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Police Brutality and Black Health", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ajph.aphapublications.org (Atypon)", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00000", "tags": [ { "tag": "#nosource" } ], "collections": [ "2PUE42CU" ], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/314300/items/TP83GESS" }, "dateAdded": "2020-06-05T22:01:33Z", "dateModified": "2022-07-31T00:40:52Z" } }, { "key": "8TPPQ2X9", "version": 703, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 312147, "name": "Police Use of Force, Police Data Transparency (US focus)", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/police_use_of_force_police_data_transparency_us_focus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/312147/items/8TPPQ2X9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/police_use_of_force_police_data_transparency_us_focus/items/8TPPQ2X9", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 192186, "username": "ra", "name": "Rachelle Annechino", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ra", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 3696742, "username": "mydjtl", "name": "DJTL", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mydjtl", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kramer and Remster", "parsedDate": "2018", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "8TPPQ2X9", "version": 703, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Stop, Frisk, and Assault? Racial Disparities in Police Use of Force During Investigatory Stops: Racial Disparities in Police Use of Force", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rory", "lastName": "Kramer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Brianna", "lastName": "Remster" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Law & Society Review", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "12/2018", "volume": "52", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "960-993", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Law & Society Rev", "DOI": "10/gfkcz5", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/lasr.12366", "accessDate": "2020-06-05T21:24:53Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "00239216", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Stop, Frisk, and Assault?", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "DOI.org (Crossref)", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00000", "tags": [ { "tag": "#nosource" } ], "collections": [ 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