[ { "key": "R5KYLCRM", "version": 195, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 311905, "name": "Health Benefits of Free Leisure", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/311905/items/R5KYLCRM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure/items/R5KYLCRM", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 311058, "username": "benbarr", "name": "Ben Barr", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/benbarr", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Sport England and Ipsos", "parsedDate": "2023", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "R5KYLCRM", "version": 195, "itemType": "dataset", "title": "ALSActive Lives Adult Survey, 2015-Active Lives Adults Survey, 2020-2021", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "name": "Sport England" }, { "creatorType": "author", "name": "Ipsos" } ], "abstractNote": "<p>The <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Active Lives Survey</span> (ALS) commenced in November 2015. It replaces the Active People Survey, which ran from 2005 to 2015. The survey provides the largest sample size ever established for a sport and recreation survey and allows levels of detailed analysis previously unavailable. It identifies how participation varies from place to place, across different sports, and between different groups in the population. The survey also measures levels of activity (active, fairly active and inactive), the proportion of the adult population that volunteer in sports on a weekly basis, club membership, sports spectating and wellbeing measures such as happiness and anxiety, etc. The questionnaire was designed to enable analysis of the findings by a broad range of demographic information, such as gender, social class, ethnicity, household structure, age, and disability.<br><br>More general information about the study can be found on the Sport England <a href=\"https://www.sportengland.org/research/active-lives-survey/\">Active Lives Survey</a> webpage and the <a href=\"https://activelives.sportengland.org/\">Active Lives Online</a> website, including reports and data tables.<br> </p> <p><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Active Lives Adults Survey, 2020-2021</span><br></p> <p>The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic developed rapidly during 2020 and 2021. Fieldwork for the Active Lives survey continued throughout the pandemic. This data, therefore, reflects the impact of coronavirus (COVID-19) on activity levels and the government’s policies to contain its spread. The survey instrument was largely unchanged. More general information about the study can be found on the Sport England&nbsp;<a href=\"https://www.sportengland.org/research/about-our-research/active-people-survey/\" style=\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">Active People Survey</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href=\"https://www.sportengland.org/research/active-lives-survey/\" style=\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">Active Lives Survey</a>&nbsp;webpages and&nbsp;<a href=\"https://activelives.sportengland.org/\" style=\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">Active Lives Online</a>&nbsp;website.</p><p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Latest version</span></p><p>In July 2023, an updated version of the data file was deposited.<br></p>", "identifier": "", "type": "", "versionNumber": "1st Edition", "date": "2023", "repository": "UK Data Service", "repositoryLocation": "", "format": "", "DOI": "10.5255/UKDA-SN-8993-1", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://beta.ukdataservice.ac.uk/datacatalogue/doi/?id=8993#1", "accessDate": "2023-09-14T12:32:06Z", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "DOI.org (Datacite)", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2023-09-14T12:32:06Z", "dateModified": "2023-09-14T12:32:06Z" } }, { "key": "HV48SK4K", "version": 193, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 311905, "name": "Health Benefits of Free Leisure", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/311905/items/HV48SK4K", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure/items/HV48SK4K", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/311905/items/8I7H4IJL", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 311058, "username": "benbarr", "name": "Ben Barr", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/benbarr", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "HV48SK4K", "version": 193, "parentItem": "8I7H4IJL", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2023-09-14T08:59:32Z", "url": "https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID4301983_code4502438.pdf?abstractid=4301983&mirid=1", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Owen et al. - 2022 - Evolving Inequalities in Physical Activity Through.pdf", "md5": "77cd3e66ae8fe49929d5aac07e6c48cf", "mtime": 1694681972000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2023-09-14T08:59:32Z", "dateModified": "2023-09-14T08:59:32Z" } }, { "key": "8I7H4IJL", "version": 191, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 311905, "name": "Health Benefits of Free Leisure", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/311905/items/8I7H4IJL", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure/items/8I7H4IJL", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 311058, "username": "benbarr", "name": "Ben Barr", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/benbarr", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Owen et al.", "parsedDate": "2022-12-05", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "8I7H4IJL", "version": 191, "itemType": "preprint", "title": "Evolving Inequalities in Physical Activity Throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gwilym", "lastName": "Owen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Katie", "lastName": "Fahy" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ben", "lastName": "Barr" } ], "abstractNote": "BackgroundRestrictions introduced to control the Covid-19 pandemic have potentially reduced levels of physical activity and increased inequalities. We investigated the extent to which this has happened during the first year of the pandemic in England. MethodsUsing representative survey data from 2015 until May 2021, we estimate the probability of being active over six stages, one prior to and five during the pandemic, using logistic regression. We model how these trends differed between groups based on gender, ethnicity, deprivation, age, disability and rurality. We further investigated the changes in the composition of activity. ResultsLevels of physical activity declined during the initial lockdown and while they partly recovered in the following months, by May 2021 they were still below pre-pandemic levels. In general, activity levels amongst more disadvantaged groups declined to a greater extent and recovered less than more advantaged groups, widening inequalities. By May 2021 the gap in physical activity rates between people living in the most and least deprived areas was 2.7 percentage points [95% CI 0.3 to 5.1] wider than would have been expected from pre-pandemic trends. Declines in some types of physical activity were partly compensated by increases in walking and cycling, but this tended to be greater among white British people and in less deprived areas. ConclusionRestrictions introduced to control the Covid-19 pandemic led to major declines in physical activity, increasing inequalities. Urgent action is needed to support the groups most affected to enable them to regain and increase levels of physical activity.", "genre": "SSRN Scholarly Paper", "repository": "", "archiveID": "4301983", "place": "Rochester, NY", "date": "2022-12-05", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "10.2139/ssrn.4301983", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=4301983", "accessDate": "2023-09-14T08:59:25Z", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Social Science Research Network", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "COVID-19", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "health inequalities", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "physical activity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "statistics", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2023-09-14T08:59:25Z", "dateModified": "2023-09-14T08:59:25Z" } }, { "key": "VLWP8MM2", "version": 189, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 311905, "name": "Health Benefits of Free Leisure", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/311905/items/VLWP8MM2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure/items/VLWP8MM2", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/311905/items/QNUMZZP5", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 311058, "username": "benbarr", "name": "Ben Barr", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/benbarr", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "VLWP8MM2", "version": 189, "parentItem": "QNUMZZP5", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Rural/urban classifications - Office for National Statistics", "accessDate": "2023-05-22T19:42:46Z", "url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/methodology/geography/geographicalproducts/ruralurbanclassifications", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "ruralurbanclassifications.html", "md5": "6b67144d0086be24b1837144def9891c", "mtime": 1684784566000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2023-05-22T19:42:46Z", "dateModified": "2023-05-22T19:42:46Z" } }, { "key": "QNUMZZP5", "version": 188, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 311905, "name": "Health Benefits of Free Leisure", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/311905/items/QNUMZZP5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure/items/QNUMZZP5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 311058, "username": "benbarr", "name": "Ben Barr", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/benbarr", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "QNUMZZP5", "version": 188, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Rural/urban classifications - Office for National Statistics", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/methodology/geography/geographicalproducts/ruralurbanclassifications", "accessDate": "2023-05-22T19:42:44Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2023-05-22T19:42:44Z", "dateModified": "2023-05-22T19:42:44Z" } }, { "key": "DNSGIG6I", "version": 186, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 311905, "name": "Health Benefits of Free Leisure", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/311905/items/DNSGIG6I", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure/items/DNSGIG6I", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/311905/items/FWJYYPB4", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 311058, "username": "benbarr", "name": "Ben Barr", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/benbarr", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "DNSGIG6I", "version": 186, "parentItem": "FWJYYPB4", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "PubMed Central Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2023-05-22T16:12:41Z", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3070495/pdf/kwq439.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Funk et al. - 2011 - Doubly Robust Estimation of Causal Effects.pdf", "md5": "b38ced63372f23c59b126d2cb5de7a28", "mtime": 1684771961000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2023-05-22T16:12:41Z", "dateModified": "2023-05-22T16:12:41Z" } }, { "key": "FWJYYPB4", "version": 196, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 311905, "name": "Health Benefits of Free Leisure", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/311905/items/FWJYYPB4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure/items/FWJYYPB4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 311058, "username": "benbarr", "name": "Ben Barr", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/benbarr", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Funk et al.", "parsedDate": "2011-04-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "FWJYYPB4", "version": 196, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Doubly Robust Estimation of Causal Effects", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michele Jonsson", "lastName": "Funk" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Daniel", "lastName": "Westreich" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Chris", "lastName": "Wiesen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Til", "lastName": "Stürmer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. Alan", "lastName": "Brookhart" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marie", "lastName": "Davidian" } ], "abstractNote": "Doubly robust estimation combines a form of outcome regression with a model for the exposure (i.e., the propensity score) to estimate the causal effect of an exposure on an outcome. When used individually to estimate a causal effect, both outcome regression and propensity score methods are unbiased only if the statistical model is correctly specified. The doubly robust estimator combines these 2 approaches such that only 1 of the 2 models need be correctly specified to obtain an unbiased effect estimator. In this introduction to doubly robust estimators, the authors present a conceptual overview of doubly robust estimation, a simple worked example, results from a simulation study examining performance of estimated and bootstrapped standard errors, and a discussion of the potential advantages and limitations of this method. The supplementary material for this paper, which is posted on the Journal's Web site (http://aje.oupjournals.org/), includes a demonstration of the doubly robust property (Web Appendix 1) and a description of a SAS macro (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, North Carolina) for doubly robust estimation, available for download at http://www.unc.edu/∼mfunk/dr/.", "publicationTitle": "American Journal of Epidemiology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2011-4-01", "volume": "173", "issue": "7", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "761-767", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Am J Epidemiol", "DOI": "10.1093/aje/kwq439", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3070495/", "accessDate": "2023-05-22T16:12:39Z", "PMID": "21385832", "PMCID": "PMC3070495", "ISSN": "0002-9262", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed Central", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2023-05-22T16:12:39Z", "dateModified": "2023-05-22T16:12:39Z" } }, { "key": "58VZE4JH", "version": 185, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 311905, "name": "Health Benefits of Free Leisure", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/311905/items/58VZE4JH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure/items/58VZE4JH", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/311905/items/FWJYYPB4", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 311058, "username": "benbarr", "name": "Ben Barr", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/benbarr", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "58VZE4JH", "version": 185, "parentItem": "FWJYYPB4", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed Central Link", "accessDate": "2023-05-22T16:12:39Z", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3070495/", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2023-05-22T16:12:39Z", "dateModified": "2023-05-22T16:12:39Z" } }, { "key": "UQSGAZLU", "version": 184, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 311905, "name": "Health Benefits of Free Leisure", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/311905/items/UQSGAZLU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure/items/UQSGAZLU", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 311058, "username": "benbarr", "name": "Ben Barr", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/benbarr", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Gill et al.", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "UQSGAZLU", "version": 184, "itemType": "report", "title": "Together an Active Future (TaAF)- Evaluation Report", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bethany", "lastName": "Gill" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Eleanor", "lastName": "Thorne" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dr Tara", "lastName": "Jones" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dr Sandra", "lastName": "Varey" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dr Claire", "lastName": "Hardy" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dr Theo", "lastName": "Bampouras" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Claire", "lastName": "Selby" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Professor Carol", "lastName": "Holland" } ], "abstractNote": "", "reportNumber": "", "reportType": "", "institution": "Lancaster University", "place": "Lancaster", "date": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Zotero", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2023-05-22T14:53:11Z", "dateModified": "2023-05-22T14:54:56Z" } }, { "key": "GWB2MJ2G", "version": 178, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 311905, "name": "Health Benefits of Free Leisure", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/311905/items/GWB2MJ2G", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure/items/GWB2MJ2G", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/311905/items/UQSGAZLU", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 311058, "username": "benbarr", "name": "Ben Barr", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/benbarr", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "GWB2MJ2G", "version": 178, "parentItem": "UQSGAZLU", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_file", "title": "Gill et al. - Lancaster University Evaluation Team.pdf", "accessDate": "", "url": "", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Gill et al. - Lancaster University Evaluation Team.pdf", "md5": "85a3f427e2e69d58fd1233aefd4f4983", "mtime": 1684767191000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2023-05-22T14:53:08Z", "dateModified": "2023-05-22T14:53:12Z" } }, { "key": "4F7S7VEE", "version": 177, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 311905, "name": "Health Benefits of Free Leisure", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/311905/items/4F7S7VEE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure/items/4F7S7VEE", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/311905/items/N7SLMJ2U", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 311058, "username": "benbarr", "name": "Ben Barr", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/benbarr", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "4F7S7VEE", "version": 177, "parentItem": "N7SLMJ2U", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2023-05-22T14:53:02Z", "url": "https://www.lancaster.ac.uk/health-and-medicine/research/c4ar/together-an-active-future/", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "together-an-active-future.html", "md5": "3bb99e7e6bde4c8a5c3c41e714c62d5d", "mtime": 1684767182000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2023-05-22T14:53:02Z", "dateModified": "2023-05-22T14:53:02Z" } }, { "key": "N7SLMJ2U", "version": 175, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 311905, "name": "Health Benefits of Free Leisure", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/311905/items/N7SLMJ2U", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure/items/N7SLMJ2U", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 311058, "username": "benbarr", "name": "Ben Barr", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/benbarr", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "N7SLMJ2U", "version": 175, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Together an Active Future", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://www.lancaster.ac.uk/health-and-medicine/research/c4ar/together-an-active-future/", "accessDate": "2023-05-22T14:52:56Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2023-05-22T14:52:55Z", "dateModified": "2023-05-22T14:52:55Z" } }, { "key": "LRDTBBGZ", "version": 174, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 311905, "name": "Health Benefits of Free Leisure", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/311905/items/LRDTBBGZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure/items/LRDTBBGZ", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/311905/items/LRZ97E5U", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 311058, "username": "benbarr", "name": "Ben Barr", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/benbarr", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "LRDTBBGZ", "version": 174, "parentItem": "LRZ97E5U", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Semantic Scholar Link", "accessDate": "2023-04-28T11:09:45Z", "url": "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Computing-Weights-for-American-National-Election-DeBell-Krosnick/26b8ab6c0dd7e50c09c6af32a3c7469b080b63af", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2023-04-28T11:09:45Z", "dateModified": "2023-04-28T11:09:45Z" } }, { "key": "LRZ97E5U", "version": 174, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 311905, "name": "Health Benefits of Free Leisure", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/311905/items/LRZ97E5U", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure/items/LRZ97E5U", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 311058, "username": "benbarr", "name": "Ben Barr", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/benbarr", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "DeBell and Krosnick", "parsedDate": "2009", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "LRZ97E5U", "version": 174, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "Computing Weights for American National Election Study Survey Data", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Matthew", "lastName": "DeBell" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Krosnick" } ], "abstractNote": "This work was supported by National Science Foundation Grants SES-0535332 and SES-0535334 (PIs: Jon A. Krosnick and Arthur Lupia), Stanford University, and the University of Michigan. We thank Walter Mebane and Vince Iannacchione for their advice. Opinions, findings, conclusions, and recommendations expressed here do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation, Stanford University, or the University of Michigan. Contact: debell@stanford.edu, krosnick@stanford.edu, or anes@electionstudies.org.", "proceedingsTitle": "", "conferenceName": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2009", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Computing-Weights-for-American-National-Election-DeBell-Krosnick/26b8ab6c0dd7e50c09c6af32a3c7469b080b63af", "accessDate": "2023-04-28T11:09:44Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Semantic Scholar", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2023-04-28T11:09:45Z", "dateModified": "2023-04-28T11:09:45Z" } }, { "key": "ZFPFMHCF", "version": 173, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 311905, "name": "Health Benefits of Free Leisure", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/311905/items/ZFPFMHCF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure/items/ZFPFMHCF", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/311905/items/9RFBXIY2", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 311058, "username": "benbarr", "name": "Ben Barr", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/benbarr", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ZFPFMHCF", "version": 173, "parentItem": "9RFBXIY2", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_file", "title": "anesrake.pdf", "accessDate": "", "url": "", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "anesrake.pdf", "md5": "d7a62d0dd9177396b628b95a1bd4e7c4", "mtime": 1682680060000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2023-04-28T11:07:40Z", "dateModified": "2023-04-28T11:08:14Z" } }, { "key": "9RFBXIY2", "version": 172, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 311905, "name": "Health Benefits of Free Leisure", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/311905/items/9RFBXIY2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure/items/9RFBXIY2", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 311058, "username": "benbarr", "name": "Ben Barr", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/benbarr", "type": "text/html" } } }, "parsedDate": "2023-02-14", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "9RFBXIY2", "version": 172, "itemType": "computerProgram", "title": "cran/anesrake", "creators": [], "abstractNote": ":exclamation: This is a read-only mirror of the CRAN R package repository. anesrake — ANES Raking Implementation", "seriesTitle": "", "versionNumber": "", "date": "2023-02-14T19:47:54Z", "system": "", "company": "cran", "place": "", "programmingLanguage": "R", "rights": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://github.com/cran/anesrake/blob/cb086d4f1712d71458e86c710b0e88343e06d567/R/anesrake.R", "accessDate": "2023-04-28T11:08:05Z", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "libraryCatalog": "GitHub", "callNumber": "", "shortTitle": "", "extra": "original-date: 2014-03-13T03:55:10Z", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2023-04-28T11:08:05Z", "dateModified": "2023-04-28T11:08:05Z" } }, { "key": "D7PCCVMI", "version": 166, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 311905, "name": "Health Benefits of Free Leisure", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/311905/items/D7PCCVMI", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure/items/D7PCCVMI", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/311905/items/AIT57W4M", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 311058, "username": "benbarr", "name": "Ben Barr", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/benbarr", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "D7PCCVMI", "version": 166, "parentItem": "AIT57W4M", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2022-12-06T21:20:56Z", "url": "https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/5/10/e009276#xref-ref-12-1", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "e009276.html", "md5": "82ab5bfab87737d3b40a6f0f29d70eb9", "mtime": 1670361656000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2022-12-06T21:20:56Z", "dateModified": "2022-12-06T21:20:56Z" } }, { "key": "HR45ZUMY", "version": 167, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 311905, "name": "Health Benefits of Free Leisure", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/311905/items/HR45ZUMY", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure/items/HR45ZUMY", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/311905/items/AIT57W4M", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 311058, "username": "benbarr", "name": "Ben Barr", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/benbarr", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "HR45ZUMY", "version": 167, "parentItem": "AIT57W4M", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2022-12-06T21:20:54Z", "url": "https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/5/10/e009276.full.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Mansfield et al. - 2015 - The Health and Sport Engagement (HASE) Interventio.pdf", "md5": "8e7f3304282883fc53de8652af880e9c", "mtime": 1670361654000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2022-12-06T21:20:54Z", "dateModified": "2022-12-06T21:20:54Z" } }, { "key": "B3TKBSBZ", "version": 165, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 311905, "name": "Health Benefits of Free Leisure", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/311905/items/B3TKBSBZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure/items/B3TKBSBZ", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/311905/items/AIT57W4M", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 311058, "username": "benbarr", "name": "Ben Barr", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/benbarr", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "B3TKBSBZ", "version": 165, "parentItem": "AIT57W4M", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2022-12-06T21:20:54Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26503393", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2022-12-06T21:20:54Z", "dateModified": "2022-12-06T21:20:54Z" } }, { "key": "AIT57W4M", "version": 196, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 311905, "name": "Health Benefits of Free Leisure", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/311905/items/AIT57W4M", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure/items/AIT57W4M", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 311058, "username": "benbarr", "name": "Ben Barr", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/benbarr", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Mansfield et al.", "parsedDate": "2015-10-01", "numChildren": 3 }, "data": { "key": "AIT57W4M", "version": 196, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Health and Sport Engagement (HASE) Intervention and Evaluation Project: protocol for the design, outcome, process and economic evaluation of a complex community sport intervention to increase levels of physical activity", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Louise", "lastName": "Mansfield" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nana", "lastName": "Anokye" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Julia", "lastName": "Fox-Rushby" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tess", "lastName": "Kay" } ], "abstractNote": "Introduction Sport is being promoted to raise population levels of physical activity for health. National sport participation policy focuses on complex community provision tailored to diverse local users. Few quality research studies exist that examine the role of community sport interventions in raising physical activity levels and no research to date has examined the costs and cost-effectiveness of such provision. This study is a protocol for the design, outcome, process and economic evaluation of a complex community sport intervention to increase levels of physical activity, the Health and Sport Engagement (HASE) project part of the national Get Healthy Get Active programme led by Sport England.\nMethods and analysis The HASE study is a collaborative partnership between local community sport deliverers and sport and public health researchers. It involves designing, delivering and evaluating community sport interventions. The aim is to engage previously inactive people in sustained sporting activity for 1×30 min a week and to examine associated health and well-being outcomes. The study uses mixed methods. Outcomes (physical activity, health, well-being costs to individuals) will be measured by a series of self-report questionnaires and attendance data and evaluated using interrupted time series analysis controlling for a range of sociodemographic factors. Resource use will be identified and measured using diaries, interviews and records and presented alongside effectiveness data as incremental cost-effectiveness ratios and cost-effectiveness acceptability curves. A longitudinal process evaluation (focus groups, structured observations, in-depth interview methods) will examine the efficacy of the project for achieving its aim using the principles of thematic analysis.\nEthics and dissemination The results of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, academic conference presentations, Sport England and national public health organisation policy conferences, and practice-based case studies. Ethical approval was obtained through Brunel University London's research ethics committee (reference number RE33—12).", "publicationTitle": "BMJ Open", "publisher": "British Medical Journal Publishing Group", "place": "", "date": "2015/10/01", "volume": "5", "issue": "10", "section": "Public health", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "e009276", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009276", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/5/10/e009276", "accessDate": "2022-12-06T21:20:51Z", "PMID": "26503393", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "2044-6055, 2044-6055", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The Health and Sport Engagement (HASE) Intervention and Evaluation Project", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "bmjopen.bmj.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/. This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "complex community intervention", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "economic evaluation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "process evaluation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "quasi-experimental design", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "sports and exercise", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2022-12-06T21:20:51Z", "dateModified": "2022-12-06T21:20:51Z" } }, { "key": "73738YS4", "version": 163, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 311905, "name": "Health Benefits of Free Leisure", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/311905/items/73738YS4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure/items/73738YS4", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/311905/items/UXUDRUYT", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 311058, "username": "benbarr", "name": "Ben Barr", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/benbarr", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "73738YS4", "version": 163, "parentItem": "UXUDRUYT", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Full Text", "accessDate": "2022-12-06T21:20:03Z", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1447790/pdf/0930557.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Merzel and D'Afflitti - 2003 - Reconsidering community-based health promotion pr.pdf", "md5": "dd2d2fd2f547fe5261968bc8997aafb4", "mtime": 1670361603000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2022-12-06T21:20:03Z", "dateModified": "2022-12-06T21:20:03Z" } }, { "key": "5XDHZXRY", "version": 162, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 311905, "name": "Health Benefits of Free Leisure", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/311905/items/5XDHZXRY", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure/items/5XDHZXRY", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/311905/items/UXUDRUYT", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 311058, "username": "benbarr", "name": "Ben Barr", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/benbarr", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "5XDHZXRY", "version": 162, "parentItem": "UXUDRUYT", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2022-12-06T21:20:00Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12660197", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2022-12-06T21:20:00Z", "dateModified": "2022-12-06T21:20:00Z" } }, { "key": "UXUDRUYT", "version": 196, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 311905, "name": "Health Benefits of Free Leisure", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/311905/items/UXUDRUYT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure/items/UXUDRUYT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 311058, "username": "benbarr", "name": "Ben Barr", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/benbarr", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Merzel and D'Afflitti", "parsedDate": "2003-04", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "UXUDRUYT", "version": 196, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Reconsidering community-based health promotion: promise, performance, and potential", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Cheryl", "lastName": "Merzel" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Joanna", "lastName": "D'Afflitti" } ], "abstractNote": "Contemporary public health emphasizes a community-based approach to health promotion and disease prevention. The evidence from the past 20 years indicates, however, that many community-based programs have had only modest impact, with the notable exception of a number of HIV prevention programs. To better understand the reasons for these outcomes, we conducted a systematic literature review of 32 community-based prevention programs. Reasons for poor performance include methodological challenges to study design and evaluation, concurrent secular trends, smaller-than-expected effect sizes, limitations of the interventions, and limitations of theories used. The effectiveness of HIV programs appears to be related in part to extensive formative research and an emphasis on changing social norms.", "publicationTitle": "American Journal of Public Health", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2003-04", "volume": "93", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "557-574", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Am J Public Health", "DOI": "10.2105/ajph.93.4.557", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "12660197", "PMCID": "PMC1447790", "ISSN": "0090-0036", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Reconsidering community-based health promotion", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Community Health Planning", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Evidence-Based Medicine", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Health Promotion", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Health Status", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Models, Organizational", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Preventive Health Services", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Program Evaluation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Public Health Practice", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Social Change", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Social Marketing", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Social Values", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "United States", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2022-12-06T21:19:58Z", "dateModified": "2022-12-06T21:19:58Z" } }, { "key": "LS7TET25", "version": 161, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 311905, "name": "Health Benefits of Free Leisure", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/311905/items/LS7TET25", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure/items/LS7TET25", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/311905/items/CUKDUBQ5", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 311058, "username": "benbarr", "name": "Ben Barr", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/benbarr", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "LS7TET25", "version": 161, "parentItem": "CUKDUBQ5", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2022-12-06T21:15:22Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15846733", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2022-12-06T21:15:22Z", "dateModified": "2022-12-06T21:15:22Z" } }, { "key": "CUKDUBQ5", "version": 196, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 311905, "name": "Health Benefits of Free Leisure", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/311905/items/CUKDUBQ5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/health_benefits_of_free_leisure/items/CUKDUBQ5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 311058, "username": "benbarr", "name": "Ben Barr", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/benbarr", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Jackson et al.", "parsedDate": "2005-04-18", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "CUKDUBQ5", "version": 196, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Interventions implemented through sporting organisations for increasing participation in sport", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "N. W.", "lastName": "Jackson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "F. S.", "lastName": "Howes" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Gupta" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J. L.", "lastName": "Doyle" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E.", "lastName": "Waters" } ], "abstractNote": "BACKGROUND: There is now compelling scientific evidence that increased levels of physical activity can bring wide-ranging health benefits. These benefits can extend beyond physical health and include other positive impacts relating to mental health and personal development. The sport and recreation sector is viewed as a priority area for increasing rates of physical activity. Participation rates have been shown to be lower in females, decline with age, and are reduced in lower socio-economic and minority groups. It is important to determine the most effective interventions that sporting organisations can use to increase participation.\nOBJECTIVES: To review all controlled evaluation studies of interventions organised through sporting settings to increase participation.\nSEARCH STRATEGY: We searched The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsyclNFO, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Sociological Abstracts, Dissertation Abstracts, and a number of freely-available online health promotion and sports-related databases. The internet was used extensively to search for studies and locate information generated by sporting bodies throughout the world.\nSELECTION CRITERIA: Types of studies: Controlled evaluation studies. No minimum follow-up required. Uncontrolled studies, meeting other inclusion criteria, were to be reported in an annex to the review.\nTYPES OF PARTICIPANTS: People of all ages. Types of interventions: Any intervention designed to increase active and/ or non-active participation in sport. These could include: mass media campaigns; information or education sessions; management or organisational change strategies; policy changes, for example to improve the socio-cultural environment to encourage people of specific age, gender or ethnicity to participate; changes to traditional or existing programs, for example club or association-initiated rule modification programs; provision of activities beyond traditional or existing programs, for example 'Come and Try' initiatives (teaser or taster programs); skill improvement programs; volunteer encouragement programs. Types of outcome measures: Change in the number of (active and non-active) participants in organised sport, change in status from non-participating to non-active or active participation, change in status from non-active to active participation.\nDATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We assessed whether identified citations were controlled evaluation studies which investigated the use of interventions implemented in sporting settings to increase participation. Two reviewers independently inspected abstracts. We obtained full papers where necessary. As no controlled evaluation studies were located, no data collection or analysis was undertaken. No uncontrolled studies meeting other inclusion criteria were identified and therefore no annex is presented.\nMAIN RESULTS: Despite a thorough review of the published and unpublished literature, we were unable to locate any rigorous studies which tested the effects of interventions organised through sporting organisations to increase participation in sport.\nAUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is an absence of high quality evidence to support interventions designed and delivered by sporting organisations to increase participation in sport. Interventions funded and conducted in this area must be linked to a rigorous evaluation strategy in order to examine overall effectiveness, sociodemographic differentials in participation and cost-effectiveness of these strategies.", "publicationTitle": "The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2005-04-18", "volume": "", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "CD004812", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Cochrane Database Syst Rev", "DOI": "10.1002/14651858.CD004812.pub2", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "15846733", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1469-493X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Exercise", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Health Behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Health Promotion", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Organizations", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sports", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2022-12-06T21:15:20Z", "dateModified": "2022-12-06T21:15:20Z" } } ]