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            "title": "Colonowhen, Colonowho, Colonowhere, Colonowhy: Exploring the Meaning behind the Use of Colonoware Ceramics in Nineteenth-Century Manassas, Virginia",
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            "abstractNote": "Abstract  This paper explores the meaning and use of colonoware ceramics recovered from six archaeological sites dating from the nineteenth-century\nat Manassas, Virginia. Americans, both free and enslaved, occupied this landscape. Archaeological investigations have recovered\ncolonoware at some nineteenth-century domestic sites but not others. The occurrence of colonoware at these sites is patterned:\ncolonoware in nineteenth-century Manassas was not an “ethnic” marker denoting peoples of African descent, but rather a social\nmarker that distinguished enslaved people from free. People of free and enslaved status attributed negative connotations to\ncolonoware. Enslaved servants employed colonoware out of economic necessity, not as a way to express ethnicity.",
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            "abstractNote": "Abstract  Archaeological research on a nineteenth-century settlement called Pilaklikaha addresses gaps in the theory of African-Native\nAmerican everyday life, community composition, and social relations. By integrating analyses of human organization and cultural\ntransformation, it is possible to construct dynamic sociocultural scenarios for African Seminole settlements that existed\nin what became Florida. In this region, residents and visitors encountered diverse world views that originated in Africa and\nthe Americas. African Seminole cultural beliefs and practices were the product of both newly created and ancestral traditions.\nThe ways that these beliefs were practiced affected a broad range of exchanges in the spheres of kinship, spirituality, ceremonialism,\npolitics, economics and anti-slavery resistance. Within these realms, people of African and Native American descent recognized\nthe importance of autonomy, cooperation, and alliance.",
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            "title": "Power and Community: The Archaeology of Slavery at the Hermitage Plantation",
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            "date": "1998",
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            "title": "Food and Social Relations at Nina Plantation",
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                    "firstName": "Elizabeth M",
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            "abstractNote": "The moral mission archaeology set in motion by black activists in the 1960s and 1970s sought to tell the story of Americans, particularly African Americans, forgotten by the written record. Today, the archaeological study of African-American life is no longer simply an effort to capture unrecorded aspects of black history or to exhume the heritage of a neglected community. Archaeologists now recognize that one cannot fully comprehend the European colonial experience in the Americas without understanding its African counterpart.This collection of essays celebrates and reflects the broad spectrum of scholarship arising from this expanded definition of African-American archaeology, treating such issues as the analysis and representation of cultural identity, race, gender, and class; cultural interaction and change; relations of power and domination; and the sociopolitics of archaeological practice. \"I, Too, Am America\" expands African-American archaeology into an inclusive historical vision and identifies promising areas for future study.",
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