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In this study, morphological descriptions of soil structures created by tillage under conventional (CT) and conservation or mulch (MT) tillage are related to bulk density (ρb) and hydraulic conductivity (K) measurements to determine causality and to predict the effects of tillage practices on these properties. Mouldboard ploughing in CT tended to create marked spatial heterogeneity in soil physical properties within the tilled layer, a finding well expressed in the results from morphological description. This method was much less applicable to MT due to a more homogeneous spatial distribution of soil physical properties. Under both tillage systems, rows had higher bulk density values and lower hydraulic conductivity than inter-rows. The global geometric mean of the saturated hydraulic conductivity was higher and more variable under CT than under MT (66 vs. 41 mm/h). Under each tillage system, zones with a high capacity to conduct water were identified (inter-furrows under CT with a mean KS of 720 mm/h, and soil zones with earthworm burrows and cracks in MT with a mean KS of 400 mm/h). In the untilled layer, higher K values were measured under MT than under CT (40 vs. 22 mm/h). The contrast in K between the tilled and the untilled layers was very limited for MT compared to CT where mouldboard ploughing resulted in marked contrast between both layers. The assessment of this small-scale variability in soil physical properties aids our understanding of water and solute movement through topsoil layers.", "publicationTitle": "Soil Use and Management", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "décembre 1, 2010", "volume": "26", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "432-444", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1111/j.1475-2743.2010.00295.x", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2010.00295.x/abstract", "accessDate": "2014-11-06T15:24:32Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1475-2743", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "© 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 British Society of Soil Science", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Conservation tillage", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Conventional tillage", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "soil bulk density", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "soil hydraulic properties", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "soil structure", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-11-06T15:24:32Z", "dateModified": "2014-11-06T15:24:32Z" } }, { "key": "F5WHDZ3J", "version": 8, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 300695, "name": "Influence of crop residue management on soil physical parameters and plant growth", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/influence_of_crop_residue_management_on_soil_physical_parameters_and_plant_growth", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/300695/items/F5WHDZ3J", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/influence_of_crop_residue_management_on_soil_physical_parameters_and_plant_growth/items/F5WHDZ3J", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/300695/items/8VSXD793", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1845377, "username": "insuline", "name": "Mchélin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/insuline", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "F5WHDZ3J", "version": 8, "parentItem": "8VSXD793", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "ScienceDirect Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2014-11-06T14:36:10Z", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167198798801037/pdf?md5=70710fade28cd6835797d1b061ed484d&pid=1-s2.0-S0167198798801037-main.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Kwaad et al. - 1998 - Soil conservation and maize cropping systems on sl.pdf", "md5": "75587898370d55fc6dbb3cebfc105d3b", "mtime": 1415284576690, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-11-06T14:36:10Z", "dateModified": "2014-11-06T14:36:16Z" } }, { "key": "R5W6XJCB", "version": 8, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 300695, "name": "Influence of crop residue management on soil physical parameters and plant growth", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/influence_of_crop_residue_management_on_soil_physical_parameters_and_plant_growth", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/300695/items/R5W6XJCB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/influence_of_crop_residue_management_on_soil_physical_parameters_and_plant_growth/items/R5W6XJCB", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/300695/items/8VSXD793", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1845377, "username": "insuline", "name": "Mchélin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/insuline", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "R5W6XJCB", "version": 8, "parentItem": "8VSXD793", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "ScienceDirect Snapshot", "accessDate": "2014-11-06T14:36:10Z", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167198798801037#", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "S0167198798801037.html", "md5": "d64f5046477e81a7fef66828415c3cd9", "mtime": 1415284571565, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-11-06T14:36:10Z", "dateModified": "2014-11-06T14:36:10Z" } }, { "key": "8VSXD793", "version": 7, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 300695, "name": "Influence of crop residue management on soil physical parameters and plant growth", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/influence_of_crop_residue_management_on_soil_physical_parameters_and_plant_growth", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/300695/items/8VSXD793", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/influence_of_crop_residue_management_on_soil_physical_parameters_and_plant_growth/items/8VSXD793", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1845377, "username": "insuline", "name": "Mchélin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/insuline", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kwaad et al.", "parsedDate": "1998", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "8VSXD793", "version": 7, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Soil conservation and maize cropping systems on sloping loess soils in the Netherlands", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "F. J. P. M.", "lastName": "Kwaad" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "van der Zijp" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P. M.", "lastName": "van Dijk" } ], "abstractNote": "During the last three decades, damage by rainfall induced accelerated erosion with associated off-site effects (flooding, sedimentation), has increased in Dutch South-Limbourg. Damage affects a hilly area with 40,000 ha of loess soils. In 1985, a plot study started to evaluate the effects of various conservation cropping systems of fodder maize on runoff, erosion and crop yield under natural and simulated rainfall. In this paper, 1992 and 1993 results are presented. It can be concluded that (a) conservation cropping systems are much more effective in reducing soil loss than runoff on a plot scale and (b) a surface mulch of straw was the most effective measure to reduce runoff and erosion, by 46.5 and 89.5% respectively, compared with the conventional system.", "publicationTitle": "Soil and Tillage Research", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "mai 25, 1998", "volume": "46", "issue": "1–2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "13-21", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Soil and Tillage Research", "DOI": "10.1016/S0167-1987(98)80103-7", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167198798801037", "accessDate": "2014-11-06T14:36:10Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0167-1987", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Cropping systems", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Maize", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Soil conservation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Soil erosion", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "The Netherlands", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-11-06T14:36:10Z", "dateModified": "2014-11-06T14:36:10Z" } }, { "key": "8W6JMVGU", "version": 6, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 300695, "name": "Influence of crop residue management on soil physical parameters and plant growth", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/influence_of_crop_residue_management_on_soil_physical_parameters_and_plant_growth", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/300695/items/8W6JMVGU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/influence_of_crop_residue_management_on_soil_physical_parameters_and_plant_growth/items/8W6JMVGU", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/300695/items/BP7C8ZRR", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1845377, "username": "insuline", "name": "Mchélin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/insuline", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "8W6JMVGU", "version": 6, "parentItem": "BP7C8ZRR", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "ScienceDirect Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2014-11-06T14:20:03Z", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167198712000967/pdfft?md5=c7c17b5c0383c79dc0cf4e117df827ec&pid=1-s2.0-S0167198712000967-main.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "DeLaune et Sij - 2012 - Impact of tillage on runoff in long term no-till w.pdf", "md5": "f169ef5a8165302b06a63fb1fa8138c9", "mtime": 1415283615808, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-11-06T14:20:03Z", "dateModified": "2014-11-06T14:20:15Z" } }, { "key": "BQGJWGIS", "version": 6, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 300695, "name": "Influence of crop residue management on soil physical parameters and plant growth", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/influence_of_crop_residue_management_on_soil_physical_parameters_and_plant_growth", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/300695/items/BQGJWGIS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/influence_of_crop_residue_management_on_soil_physical_parameters_and_plant_growth/items/BQGJWGIS", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/300695/items/BP7C8ZRR", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1845377, "username": "insuline", "name": "Mchélin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/insuline", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "BQGJWGIS", "version": 6, "parentItem": "BP7C8ZRR", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "ScienceDirect Snapshot", "accessDate": "2014-11-06T14:20:03Z", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167198712000967", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "S0167198712000967.html", "md5": "546a03e2be33566fe4f49c9a482a9134", "mtime": 1415283604793, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-11-06T14:20:03Z", "dateModified": "2014-11-06T14:20:03Z" } }, { "key": "BP7C8ZRR", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 300695, "name": "Influence of crop residue management on soil physical parameters and plant growth", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/influence_of_crop_residue_management_on_soil_physical_parameters_and_plant_growth", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/300695/items/BP7C8ZRR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/influence_of_crop_residue_management_on_soil_physical_parameters_and_plant_growth/items/BP7C8ZRR", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1845377, "username": "insuline", "name": "Mchélin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/insuline", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "DeLaune and Sij", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "BP7C8ZRR", "version": 5, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Impact of tillage on runoff in long term no-till wheat systems", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P. B.", "lastName": "DeLaune" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J. W.", "lastName": "Sij" } ], "abstractNote": "Adoption of no-till cropping systems continues to increase worldwide due to enhanced soil and water conservation, reduced inputs and maintained crop production. Soil compaction, particularly in grazed systems, can become a concern within no-till cropping systems and occasional tillage may be a method to relieve these concerns. However, there is no data within the US Southern Great Plains examining the impact of tilling long-term no-till wheat cropping systems and the potential subsequent impacts on runoff characteristics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of tilling long term no-till wheat systems on runoff water quantity and quality. The study was conducted within a field that had been in no-till wheat with occasional grazing for seven years. Seven tillage treatments were evaluated, including: no-till, conventional till, and soil aeration using roller angles of 0°, 2.5°, 5°, 7.5°, and 10°. Rainfall simulation studies providing a 7 cm h−1 storm event were conducted approximately three months after tillage. Results showed that conversion from no-till to conventional tillage increased runoff volume by 38%. Total sediment losses were at least 2.8 times greater from conventional till plots than no-till and aerated treatments. Nutrient concentrations were similar among tillage treatments. However, total P and ammonium-N loads in runoff water were significantly higher from conventional till plots compared with other tillage treatments. Aeration did not provide a consistent trend and generally provided no significant improvement in runoff characteristics compared with no-till. Initial results indicate no advantage of tilling long term no-till wheat systems in regard to runoff quality and quantity three months after tilling.", "publicationTitle": "Soil and Tillage Research", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "août 2012", "volume": "124", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "32-35", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Soil and Tillage Research", "DOI": "10.1016/j.still.2012.04.009", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167198712000967", "accessDate": "2014-11-06T14:20:03Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0167-1987", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Aeration", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "No-tillage", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Nutrients", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Runoff", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-11-06T14:20:03Z", "dateModified": "2014-11-06T14:20:03Z" } }, { "key": "S4WTFARP", "version": 4, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 300695, "name": "Influence of crop residue management on soil physical parameters and plant growth", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/influence_of_crop_residue_management_on_soil_physical_parameters_and_plant_growth", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/300695/items/S4WTFARP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/influence_of_crop_residue_management_on_soil_physical_parameters_and_plant_growth/items/S4WTFARP", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1845377, "username": "insuline", "name": "Mchélin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/insuline", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Turmel et al.", "parsedDate": "2014", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "S4WTFARP", "version": 4, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Crop residue management and soil health: A systems analysis", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marie-Soleil", "lastName": "Turmel" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alicia", "lastName": "Speratti" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Frédéric", "lastName": "Baudron" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nele", "lastName": "Verhulst" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bram", "lastName": "Govaerts" } ], "abstractNote": "Due to the scarcity of alternative organic amendments, the retention of crop residue in fields can be considered key in promoting physical, chemical, and biological attributes of soil health in agricultural systems of developing countries. However, due to multiple other uses, small landholders in these countries are faced with trade-offs in managing crop residues. This article reviews crop residue management practices, mainly surface retention, incorporation or removal, describing their advantages and limitations in cereal-based agroecosystems in developing countries. The benefits of residue retention are regionally variable and depend on both agroclimatic and socioeconomic factors. Most studies from developing countries in Asia, Latin America, and Africa show positive effects of retaining crop residues on soil quality, soil organic matter and carbon storage, soil moisture retention, enhanced nutrient cycling, and decreased soil loss, among other environmental and soil health benefits. Variation was observed in the effect of surface retention vs. incorporation on various soil properties indicating the importance of taking into account abiotic factors such as climate, soil texture, study duration, sampling methods, and agronomic practices when assessing the impact of these practices. Negative effects of residue retention on crop performance attributed to nitrogen immobilization, waterlogging and decreased soil temperature have also been reported in some environments. Residue trade-offs in mixed crop-livestock systems in developing countries can limit the amount of residue retained. However, interventions such as intensification, partial retention, improved return of nutrients from manures, and the provision of substitutes to the current functions of livestock (e.g. mechanization, insurance) could reduce these residue trade-offs in favour of promoting long-term soil health.", "publicationTitle": "Agricultural Systems", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2014", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Agricultural Systems", "DOI": "10.1016/j.agsy.2014.05.009", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308521X14000651", "accessDate": "2014-11-06T10:07:09Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0308-521X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Crop residue management and soil health", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Animal fodder", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Conservation agriculture", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Crop residue", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Soil health", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Soil properties", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Soil quality", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-11-06T10:07:09Z", "dateModified": "2014-11-06T10:44:16Z" } }, { "key": "N8VE4TWC", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 300695, "name": "Influence of crop residue management on soil physical parameters and plant growth", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/influence_of_crop_residue_management_on_soil_physical_parameters_and_plant_growth", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/300695/items/N8VE4TWC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/influence_of_crop_residue_management_on_soil_physical_parameters_and_plant_growth/items/N8VE4TWC", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/300695/items/EGJXQHK3", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1845377, "username": "insuline", "name": "Mchélin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/insuline", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "N8VE4TWC", "version": 3, "parentItem": "EGJXQHK3", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "ScienceDirect Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2014-11-06T10:39:51Z", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167198705000760/pdfft?md5=e9ea63c6a73578b206e459068f9677b0&pid=1-s2.0-S0167198705000760-main.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Bescansa et al. - 2006 - Soil water retention as affected by tillage and re.pdf", "md5": "64449a6b4a3942d8dee7c5711104862b", "mtime": 1415270398384, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-11-06T10:39:51Z", "dateModified": "2014-11-06T10:39:58Z" } }, { "key": "XD7JWUC6", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 300695, "name": "Influence of crop residue management on soil physical parameters and plant growth", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/influence_of_crop_residue_management_on_soil_physical_parameters_and_plant_growth", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/300695/items/XD7JWUC6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/influence_of_crop_residue_management_on_soil_physical_parameters_and_plant_growth/items/XD7JWUC6", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/300695/items/EGJXQHK3", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1845377, "username": "insuline", "name": "Mchélin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/insuline", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "XD7JWUC6", "version": 3, "parentItem": "EGJXQHK3", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "ScienceDirect Snapshot", "accessDate": "2014-11-06T10:39:51Z", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167198705000760", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "S0167198705000760.html", "md5": "0a39238e77f910f30b13b188a589693f", "mtime": 1415270393181, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-11-06T10:39:51Z", "dateModified": "2014-11-06T10:39:51Z" } }, { "key": "EGJXQHK3", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 300695, "name": "Influence of crop residue management on soil physical parameters and plant growth", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/influence_of_crop_residue_management_on_soil_physical_parameters_and_plant_growth", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/300695/items/EGJXQHK3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/influence_of_crop_residue_management_on_soil_physical_parameters_and_plant_growth/items/EGJXQHK3", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1845377, "username": "insuline", "name": "Mchélin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/insuline", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bescansa et al.", "parsedDate": "2006", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "EGJXQHK3", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Soil water retention as affected by tillage and residue management in semiarid Spain", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P.", "lastName": "Bescansa" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. J.", "lastName": "Imaz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "I.", "lastName": "Virto" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Enrique" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "W. B.", "lastName": "Hoogmoed" } ], "abstractNote": "Conservation tillage preserves soil water and this has been the main reason for its rapid dissemination in rainfed agriculture in semiarid climates. We determined the effects of conservation versus conventional tillage on available soil water capacity (AWC) and related properties at the end of 5 years of management on a clay loam calcic soil (Calcic Haploxerept) in semiarid northern Spain. No-tillage with (NTSB) and without stubble burning (NT), reduced chisel-plough tillage (RT) and conventional tillage with mouldboard plough (MT) were compared in rainfed barley monoculture. Bulk density (ρb), organic matter content (OM), soil water retention (SWR) at matric potentials of 0 to −1500 kPa, and soil water content (SWC) were determined in the driest year of the 5-year study period.\n\nSoil OM in the upper 0.15 m was significantly higher (13%) under NTSB, NT and RT than under MT. Soil ρb in the upper 0.15 m under NT and NTSB was greater than under RT and MT, but at a depth of 0.15–0.30 m was greater under RT than under the other treatments. Reorganisation of pore sizes due to tillage treatments affected AWC. Under RT and MT the largest percentage of the total soil porosity was occupied by pores >9 μm (equivalent pore diameter), in accordance with lower ρb. Available water capacity was greater with NT than with RT and MT. Higher SWC under conservation tillage systems (NT, NTSB and RT) than under MT was attributed mainly to greater AWC and to the mulching effect of crop residues. Crop yield in the driest year of the 5-year period was lowest under MT whereas no differences among treatments were found over the 5-year period. Stubble burning did not affect AWC nor barley yield. Tillage had a greater impact on soil properties and on crop yield than crop residue management.", "publicationTitle": "Soil and Tillage Research", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "mai 2006", "volume": "87", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "19-27", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Soil and Tillage Research", "DOI": "10.1016/j.still.2005.02.028", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167198705000760", "accessDate": "2014-11-06T10:39:51Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0167-1987", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Chisel ploughing", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Conservation tillage", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "No tillage", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Semi-arid barley", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Soil water retention", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Stubble management", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-11-06T10:39:51Z", "dateModified": "2014-11-06T10:39:51Z" } }, { "key": "X33TPAG5", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 300695, "name": "Influence of crop residue management on soil physical parameters and plant growth", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/influence_of_crop_residue_management_on_soil_physical_parameters_and_plant_growth", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/300695/items/X33TPAG5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/influence_of_crop_residue_management_on_soil_physical_parameters_and_plant_growth/items/X33TPAG5", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/300695/items/CKHZUWAM", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1845377, "username": "insuline", "name": "Mchélin", "links": { 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{ "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/influence_of_crop_residue_management_on_soil_physical_parameters_and_plant_growth", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/300695/items/SRF83XSS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/influence_of_crop_residue_management_on_soil_physical_parameters_and_plant_growth/items/SRF83XSS", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1845377, "username": "insuline", "name": "Mchélin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/insuline", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lampurlanés and Cantero-Martínez", "parsedDate": "2006-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "SRF83XSS", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Hydraulic conductivity, residue cover and soil surface roughness under different tillage systems in semiarid conditions", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Lampurlanés" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C.", "lastName": "Cantero-Martínez" } ], "abstractNote": "The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of tillage and cropping system on near-saturated hydraulic conductivity, residue cover and surface roughness to improve soil management for moisture conservation under semiarid Mediterranean conditions. Three tillage systems were compared (subsoil tillage, minimum tillage and no-tillage) under three field situations (continuous crop, fallow and crop after fallow) on two soils (Fluventic Xerochrept and Lithic Xeric Torriorthent). Soil under no-tillage had lower hydraulic conductivity (5.0 cm day−1) than under subsoil tillage (15.5 cm day−1) or minimum tillage (14.3 cm day−1) during 1 of 2 years in continuous crop due to a reduction of soil porosity. Residue cover at sowing was greater under no-tillage (60%) than under subsoil or minimum tillage (<10%) in continuous crop. Under fallow, residue cover was low (10%) at sowing of the following crop for all tillage systems in both soils. Surface roughness increased with tillage, with a high value of 16% and decreasing following rainfall. Under no-tillage, surface roughness was relatively low (3–4%). Greater surface residue cover under no-tillage helped conserve water, despite indications of lower hydraulic conductivity. To overcome the condition of low infiltration and high evaporation when no-till fallow is expected in a cropping sequence, either greater residue production should be planed prior to fallow (e.g. no residue harvest) or surface tillage may be needed during fallow.", "publicationTitle": "Soil and Tillage Research", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "janvier 2006", "volume": "85", "issue": "1–2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "13-26", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Soil and Tillage Research", "DOI": "10.1016/j.still.2004.11.006", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167198704002302", "accessDate": "2014-11-06T10:29:53Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0167-1987", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Disc permeameter", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fallow", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Hydraulic conductivity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "No-tillage", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Residue cover", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Semiarid", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Soil water", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Subsoil tillage", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Surface roughness", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Tension infiltrometer", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-11-06T10:29:53Z", "dateModified": "2014-11-06T10:29:53Z" } }, { "key": "3IBRKCRX", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 300695, "name": "Influence of crop residue management on soil physical parameters and plant growth", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/influence_of_crop_residue_management_on_soil_physical_parameters_and_plant_growth", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/300695/items/3IBRKCRX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/influence_of_crop_residue_management_on_soil_physical_parameters_and_plant_growth/items/3IBRKCRX", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/300695/items/E4V5XBW4", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1845377, "username": "insuline", "name": "Mchélin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/insuline", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "3IBRKCRX", "version": 3, "parentItem": "E4V5XBW4", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "ScienceDirect Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2014-11-06T10:25:50Z", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016719879900104X/pdfft?md5=4f2ffdbfa5c4362e2517a00d7b03e02c&pid=1-s2.0-S016719879900104X-main.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Shipitalo et al. - 2000 - Conservation tillage and macropore factors that af.pdf", "md5": "99ba03dc45e4dca0c332b077fc275f22", "mtime": 1415269558922, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-11-06T10:25:50Z", "dateModified": "2014-11-06T10:25:58Z" } }, { "key": "42J3BT4D", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 300695, "name": "Influence of crop residue management on soil physical parameters and plant growth", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/influence_of_crop_residue_management_on_soil_physical_parameters_and_plant_growth", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/300695/items/42J3BT4D", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/influence_of_crop_residue_management_on_soil_physical_parameters_and_plant_growth/items/42J3BT4D", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/300695/items/E4V5XBW4", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1845377, "username": "insuline", "name": "Mchélin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/insuline", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "42J3BT4D", "version": 3, "parentItem": "E4V5XBW4", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "ScienceDirect Snapshot", "accessDate": "2014-11-06T10:25:50Z", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016719879900104X", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "S016719879900104X.html", "md5": "5e7ef1c3c7291d15ab4f8ec2674f33d3", "mtime": 1415269552759, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-11-06T10:25:50Z", "dateModified": "2014-11-06T10:25:50Z" } }, { "key": "E4V5XBW4", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 300695, "name": "Influence of crop residue management on soil physical parameters and plant growth", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/influence_of_crop_residue_management_on_soil_physical_parameters_and_plant_growth", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/300695/items/E4V5XBW4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/influence_of_crop_residue_management_on_soil_physical_parameters_and_plant_growth/items/E4V5XBW4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1845377, "username": "insuline", "name": "Mchélin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/insuline", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Shipitalo et al.", "parsedDate": "2000", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "E4V5XBW4", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Conservation tillage and macropore factors that affect water movement and the fate of chemicals", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. J", "lastName": "Shipitalo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "W. A", "lastName": "Dick" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "W. M", "lastName": "Edwards" } ], "abstractNote": "A thorough understanding of how conservation tillage influences water quality is predicated on knowledge of how tillage affects water movement. This paper summarizes the effects of conservation tillage on water movement and quality mainly based on long-term experiments on Luvisols at the North Appalachian Experimental Watershed near Coshocton, OH, USA. Conservation tillage can have a much larger effect on how water moves through the soil than it does on the total amount percolating to groundwater. Soil macroporosity and the proportion of rainfall moving through preferential flow paths often increase with the adoption of conservation tillage and can contribute to a reduction in surface runoff. In some medium- and fine-textured soils most of the water that moves to the subsoil during the growing season (May–October) is probably transmitted by macropores. If a heavy, intense storm occurs shortly after surface application of an agricultural chemical to soils with well-developed macroporosity, the water transmitted to the subsoil by the macropores may contain significant amounts of applied chemical, up to a few per cent, regardless of the affinity of the chemical for the soil. This amount can be reduced by an order of magnitude or more with the passage of time or if light rainstorms precede the first major leaching event. Because of movement into the soil matrix and sorption, solutes normally strongly adsorbed by the soil should only be subject to leaching in macropores in the first few storms after application. Even under extreme conditions, it is unlikely that the amount of additional adsorbed solute transported to groundwater will exceed a few per cent of the application when conservation tillage is used instead of conventional tillage. In the case of non-adsorbed solutes, such as nitrate, movement into the soil matrix will not preclude further leaching. Therefore, when recharge occurs during the dormant season thorough flushing of the soil, whether macropores are present or not, can move the remaining solutes to groundwater. Thus, the net effect of tillage treatment on leaching of non-adsorbed solutes should be minimal.", "publicationTitle": "Soil and Tillage Research", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "février 2000", "volume": "53", "issue": "3–4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "167-183", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Soil and Tillage Research", "DOI": "10.1016/S0167-1987(99)00104-X", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016719879900104X", "accessDate": "2014-11-06T10:25:50Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0167-1987", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Chemical transport", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Groundwater", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Leaching", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Preferential flow", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Solute transport", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-11-06T10:25:50Z", "dateModified": "2014-11-06T10:25:50Z" } } ]