[ { "key": "Q9CPADAQ", "version": 17, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 299166, "name": "ashleyB", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/299166/items/Q9CPADAQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb/items/Q9CPADAQ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1359538, "username": "summersjss", "name": "Jeremy S. Summers", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/summersjss", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Chhabra et al.", "parsedDate": "2014", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "Q9CPADAQ", "version": 17, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Peripheral nerve injury grading simplified on MR neurography: As referenced to Seddon and Sunderland classifications", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Avneesh", "lastName": "Chhabra" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Shivani", "lastName": "Ahlawat" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Allan", "lastName": "Belzberg" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gustav", "lastName": "Andreseik" } ], "abstractNote": "The Seddon and Sunderland classifications have been used by physicians for peripheral nerve injury grading and treatment. While Seddon classification is simpler to follow and more relevant to electrophysiologists, the Sunderland grading is more often used by surgeons to decide when and how to intervene. With increasing availability of high-resolution and high soft-tissue contrast imaging provided by MR neurography, the surgical treatment can be guided following the above-described grading systems. The article discusses peripheral nerve anatomy, pathophysiology of nerve injury, traditional grading systems for classifying the severity of nerve injury, and the role of MR neurography in this domain, with respective clinical and surgical correlations, as one follows the anatomic paths of various nerve injury grading systems.", "publicationTitle": "The Indian Journal of Radiology & Imaging", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2014", "volume": "24", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "217-224", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Indian J Radiol Imaging", "DOI": "10.4103/0971-3026.137025", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4126136/", "accessDate": "2015-03-29T07:31:11Z", "PMID": "25114384", "PMCID": "PMC4126136", "ISSN": "0971-3026", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Peripheral nerve injury grading simplified on MR neurography", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed Central", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "4WVBGIK2" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-03-29T07:31:11Z", "dateModified": "2015-03-29T07:31:11Z" } }, { "key": "W6ABQSXD", "version": 12, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 299166, "name": "ashleyB", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/299166/items/W6ABQSXD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb/items/W6ABQSXD", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/299166/items/Q9CPADAQ", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1359538, "username": "summersjss", "name": "Jeremy S. Summers", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/summersjss", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "W6ABQSXD", "version": 12, "parentItem": "Q9CPADAQ", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed Central Link", "accessDate": "2015-03-29T07:31:11Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4126136/", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-03-29T07:31:11Z", "dateModified": "2015-03-29T07:31:11Z" } }, { "key": "J2P5N7KS", "version": 17, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 299166, "name": "ashleyB", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/299166/items/J2P5N7KS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb/items/J2P5N7KS", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1359538, "username": "summersjss", "name": "Jeremy S. Summers", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/summersjss", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Baumer et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-03", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "J2P5N7KS", "version": 17, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Thoracic outlet syndrome in 3T MR neurography-fibrous bands causing discernible lesions of the lower brachial plexus", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P.", "lastName": "Baumer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H.", "lastName": "Kele" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T.", "lastName": "Kretschmer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.", "lastName": "Koenig" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Pedro" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Bendszus" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Pham" } ], "abstractNote": "OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether targeted magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) of the brachial plexus can visualise fibrous bands compressing the brachial plexus and directly detect injury in plexus nerve fascicles.\nMETHODS: High-resolution MRN was employed in 30 patients with clinical suspicion of either true neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) or non-specific TOS. The protocol for the brachial plexus included a SPACE (3D turbo spin echo with variable flip angle) STIR (short tau inversion recovery), a sagittal-oblique T2-weighted (T2W) SPAIR (spectral adiabatic inversion recovery) and a 3D PDW (proton density weighted) SPACE. Images were evaluated for anatomical anomalies compressing the brachial plexus and for abnormal T2W signal within plexus elements. Patients with abnormal MR imaging findings underwent surgical exploration.\nRESULTS: Seven out of 30 patients were identified with unambiguous morphological correlates of TOS. These were verified by surgical exploration. Correlates included fibrous bands (n = 5) and pseudarthrosis or synostosis of ribs (n = 2). Increased T2W signal was detected within compressed plexus portion (C8 spinal nerve, inferior trunk, or medial cord) and confirmed the diagnosis.\nCONCLUSIONS: The clinical suspicion of TOS can be diagnostically confirmed by MRN. Entrapment of plexus structures by subtle anatomical anomalies such as fibrous bands can be visualised and relevant compression can be confirmed by increased T2W signal of compromised plexus elements.\nKEY POINTS: • MR neurography (MRN) can aid the diagnosis of thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS). • Identifiable causes of TOS in MRN include fibrous bands and bony anomalies. • Increased T2W signal within brachial plexus elements indicate relevant nerve compression. • High positive predictive value allows confident and targeted indication for surgery.", "publicationTitle": "European Radiology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Mar 2014", "volume": "24", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "756-761", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Eur Radiol", "DOI": "10.1007/s00330-013-3060-2", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "24272223", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1432-1084", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adolescent", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Axilla", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Brachial Plexus", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fibrosis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Imaging, Three-Dimensional", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Magnetic Resonance Imaging", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Middle Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Prospective Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Spinal Nerve Roots", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Thoracic Outlet Syndrome", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Young Adult", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "4WVBGIK2" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-03-29T07:31:00Z", "dateModified": "2015-03-29T07:31:00Z" } }, { "key": "ZGNB5KME", "version": 12, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 299166, "name": "ashleyB", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/299166/items/ZGNB5KME", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb/items/ZGNB5KME", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/299166/items/J2P5N7KS", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1359538, "username": "summersjss", "name": "Jeremy S. Summers", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/summersjss", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "ZGNB5KME", "version": 12, "parentItem": "J2P5N7KS", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2015-03-29T07:31:00Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24272223", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-03-29T07:31:00Z", "dateModified": "2015-03-29T07:31:00Z" } }, { "key": "VC2EQ4XI", "version": 17, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 299166, "name": "ashleyB", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/299166/items/VC2EQ4XI", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb/items/VC2EQ4XI", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1359538, "username": "summersjss", "name": "Jeremy S. Summers", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/summersjss", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Chandra et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-10", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "VC2EQ4XI", "version": 17, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Thoracic outlet syndrome in high-performance athletes", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Venita", "lastName": "Chandra" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christine", "lastName": "Little" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jason T.", "lastName": "Lee" } ], "abstractNote": "OBJECTIVE: Repetitive upper extremity use in high-performance athletes is associated with the development of neurogenic and vascular thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS). Surgical therapy in appropriately selected patients can provide relief of symptoms and protection from future disability. We sought to determine the incidence and timing of competitive athletes to return to their prior high-performance level after TOS treatment and surgery.\nMETHODS: We reviewed all competitive high school, collegiate, and professional athletes treated for venous or neurogenic TOS (nTOS) from 2000 to 2012. Patient demographics, workup, and treatment approaches were recorded and analyzed. Patients with nTOS were assessed with quality of life surveys using the previously validated 11-item version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) scale, scored from 0 to 100 (100 = worse). Return to full athletic activity was defined as returning to prior competitive high school, collegiate, or professional sports.\nRESULTS: During the study period, 41 competitive athletes (44% female) with a mean age of 19 years, were treated, comprising 13 baseball/softball players, 11 swimmers, 5 water polo players, 4 rowers, 2 volleyball players, 2 synchronized swimmers, 1 wrestler, 1 diver, 1 weightlifter, and 1 football player. Twenty-seven athletes (66%) were treated for nTOS, and 14 (34%) had Paget-Schroetter syndrome (PSS). All PSS patients underwent typical treatment of consisting of thrombolysis/anticoagulation, followed by first rib resection. Most nTOS patients were treated according to our previously reported highly selective algorithm, beginning with TOS-specific physical therapy (PT) after the clinical diagnosis was made. Because of mild to modest symptom improvement after PT, 67% of the nTOS athletes evaluated ultimately underwent supraclavicular first rib resection and brachial plexus neurolysis. Return to full competitive athletics was achieved in 85% of all patients, including 93% of the PSS patients and 81% of the nTOS athletes, at an average of 4.6 months after the intervention. In the nTOS cohort successfully returning to prior sports ability, seven (32%) were treated only with PT. Of those athletes who underwent surgery for nTOS, 83% returned to full competitive levels. QuickDASH disability scores improved from a mean of 40.4 preoperatively to 11.7 postoperatively, indicating significant improvement in symptoms after treatment. Recurrence of symptoms was noted in two nTOS (7%) and two PSS (14%) athletes.\nCONCLUSIONS: Standardized treatment algorithms for venous and nTOS and aggressive TOS-specific PT are key components to optimizing clinical outcomes in this special cohort of TOS patients. Most athletes treated for venous and nTOS can successfully return to competitive sports at their prior high-performance level.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Vascular Surgery", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Oct 2014", "volume": "60", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1012-1017; discussion 1017-1018", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J. Vasc. Surg.", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jvs.2014.04.013", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "24835692", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1097-6809", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adolescent", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Athletes", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Incidence", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Orthopedic Procedures", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Physical Therapy Modalities", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Quality of Life", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Questionnaires", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Retrospective Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Risk Factors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Thoracic Outlet Syndrome", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "United States", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Young Adult", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "4WVBGIK2" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-03-29T07:30:47Z", "dateModified": "2015-03-29T07:30:47Z" } }, { "key": "Q4VW6WK3", "version": 11, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 299166, "name": "ashleyB", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/299166/items/Q4VW6WK3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb/items/Q4VW6WK3", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/299166/items/VC2EQ4XI", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1359538, "username": "summersjss", "name": "Jeremy S. Summers", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/summersjss", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "Q4VW6WK3", "version": 11, "parentItem": "VC2EQ4XI", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2015-03-29T07:30:47Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24835692", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-03-29T07:30:47Z", "dateModified": "2015-03-29T07:30:47Z" } }, { "key": "9BGAFTU2", "version": 17, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 299166, "name": "ashleyB", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/299166/items/9BGAFTU2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb/items/9BGAFTU2", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1359538, "username": "summersjss", "name": "Jeremy S. Summers", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/summersjss", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Tsao et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-05", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "9BGAFTU2", "version": 17, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Electrodiagnostic features of true neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bryan E.", "lastName": "Tsao" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mark A.", "lastName": "Ferrante" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Asa J.", "lastName": "Wilbourn" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robert W.", "lastName": "Shields" } ], "abstractNote": "INTRODUCTION: We report the electrodiagnostic (EDX) features of 32 patients with surgically verified true neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (TN-TOS).\nMETHODS: Retrospective record review.\nRESULTS: We found uniform EDX evidence of a chronic axon loss process that affected the lower portion of the brachial plexus and disproportionately involved the T1 more than the C8 sensory and motor fibers. Because of this relationship, the medial antebrachial cutaneous sensory nerve (T1) and median motor (T1 > C8) study combination was abnormal in 89%, whereas response combinations that primarily assessed the C8 fibers were less frequently affected.\nCONCLUSIONS: The characteristic EDX features of TN-TOS are T1 > C8 nerve fiber involvement. A comprehensive EDX examination of the lower plexus with contralateral comparison studies is imperative to diagnose this disorder accurately.", "publicationTitle": "Muscle & Nerve", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 2014", "volume": "49", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "724-727", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Muscle Nerve", "DOI": "10.1002/mus.24066", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "24006176", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1097-4598", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Action Potentials", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adolescent", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Brachial Plexus", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Electrodiagnosis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Middle Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Motor Neurons", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Neural Conduction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Retrospective Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Thoracic Outlet Syndrome", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Young Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "electromyography", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "4WVBGIK2" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-03-29T07:30:30Z", "dateModified": "2015-03-29T07:30:30Z" } }, { "key": "FPAFPA23", "version": 11, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 299166, "name": "ashleyB", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/299166/items/FPAFPA23", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb/items/FPAFPA23", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/299166/items/9BGAFTU2", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1359538, "username": "summersjss", "name": "Jeremy S. Summers", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/summersjss", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "FPAFPA23", "version": 11, "parentItem": "9BGAFTU2", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2015-03-29T07:30:30Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24006176", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-03-29T07:30:30Z", "dateModified": "2015-03-29T07:30:30Z" } }, { "key": "BJPIQT2K", "version": 19, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 299166, "name": "ashleyB", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/299166/items/BJPIQT2K", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb/items/BJPIQT2K", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1359538, "username": "summersjss", "name": "Jeremy S. Summers", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/summersjss", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Baumer et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-03", "numChildren": 4 }, "data": { "key": "BJPIQT2K", "version": 19, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Thoracic outlet syndrome in 3T MR neurography-fibrous bands causing discernible lesions of the lower brachial plexus", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P.", "lastName": "Baumer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H.", "lastName": "Kele" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T.", "lastName": "Kretschmer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.", "lastName": "Koenig" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Pedro" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Bendszus" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Pham" } ], "abstractNote": "OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether targeted magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) of the brachial plexus can visualise fibrous bands compressing the brachial plexus and directly detect injury in plexus nerve fascicles.\nMETHODS: High-resolution MRN was employed in 30 patients with clinical suspicion of either true neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) or non-specific TOS. The protocol for the brachial plexus included a SPACE (3D turbo spin echo with variable flip angle) STIR (short tau inversion recovery), a sagittal-oblique T2-weighted (T2W) SPAIR (spectral adiabatic inversion recovery) and a 3D PDW (proton density weighted) SPACE. Images were evaluated for anatomical anomalies compressing the brachial plexus and for abnormal T2W signal within plexus elements. Patients with abnormal MR imaging findings underwent surgical exploration.\nRESULTS: Seven out of 30 patients were identified with unambiguous morphological correlates of TOS. These were verified by surgical exploration. Correlates included fibrous bands (n = 5) and pseudarthrosis or synostosis of ribs (n = 2). Increased T2W signal was detected within compressed plexus portion (C8 spinal nerve, inferior trunk, or medial cord) and confirmed the diagnosis.\nCONCLUSIONS: The clinical suspicion of TOS can be diagnostically confirmed by MRN. Entrapment of plexus structures by subtle anatomical anomalies such as fibrous bands can be visualised and relevant compression can be confirmed by increased T2W signal of compromised plexus elements.\nKEY POINTS: • MR neurography (MRN) can aid the diagnosis of thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS). • Identifiable causes of TOS in MRN include fibrous bands and bony anomalies. • Increased T2W signal within brachial plexus elements indicate relevant nerve compression. • High positive predictive value allows confident and targeted indication for surgery.", "publicationTitle": "European Radiology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Mar 2014", "volume": "24", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "756-761", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Eur Radiol", "DOI": "10.1007/s00330-013-3060-2", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "24272223", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1432-1084", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adolescent", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Axilla", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Brachial Plexus", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fibrosis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Imaging, Three-Dimensional", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Magnetic Resonance Imaging", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Middle Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Prospective Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Spinal Nerve Roots", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Thoracic Outlet Syndrome", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Young Adult", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "4WVBGIK2" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-03T20:54:06Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-03T20:54:06Z" } }, { "key": "RHKSIMJU", "version": 19, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 299166, "name": "ashleyB", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/299166/items/RHKSIMJU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb/items/RHKSIMJU", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1359538, "username": "summersjss", "name": "Jeremy S. Summers", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/summersjss", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Chhabra et al.", "parsedDate": "2013-03", "numChildren": 3 }, "data": { "key": "RHKSIMJU", "version": 19, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "High-resolution 3T MR neurography of the brachial plexus and its branches, with emphasis on 3D imaging", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Chhabra" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G. K.", "lastName": "Thawait" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T.", "lastName": "Soldatos" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. S.", "lastName": "Thakkar" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "F.", "lastName": "Del Grande" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Chalian" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J. A.", "lastName": "Carrino" } ], "abstractNote": "With advancement in 3D imaging, better fat-suppression techniques, and superior coil designs for MR imaging and the increasing availability and use of 3T magnets, the visualization of the complexity of the brachial plexus has become facile. The relevant imaging findings are described for normal and pathologic conditions of the brachial plexus. These radiologic findings are supported by clinical and/or EMG/surgical data, and corresponding high-resolution MR neurography images are illustrated. Because the brachial plexus can be affected by a plethora of pathologies, resulting in often serious and disabling complications, a better radiologic insight has great potential in aiding physicians in rendering superior services to patients.", "publicationTitle": "AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Mar 2013", "volume": "34", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "486-497", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "AJNR Am J Neuroradiol", "DOI": "10.3174/ajnr.A3287", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "22976233", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1936-959X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Algorithms", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Brachial Plexus", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Brachial Plexus Neuropathies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Image Enhancement", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Imaging, Three-Dimensional", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Magnetic Resonance Imaging", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Neuroimaging", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Pattern Recognition, Automated", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Reproducibility of Results", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sensitivity and Specificity", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "4WVBGIK2" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-03T20:54:06Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-03T20:54:06Z" } }, { "key": "54KHX85S", "version": 19, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 299166, "name": "ashleyB", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/299166/items/54KHX85S", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb/items/54KHX85S", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1359538, "username": "summersjss", "name": "Jeremy S. Summers", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/summersjss", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Pham", "parsedDate": "2014-02", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "54KHX85S", "version": 19, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "[MR neurography for lesion localization in the peripheral nervous system. Why, when and how?]", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Pham" } ], "abstractNote": "Peripheral neuropathies are frequent disorders which are often challenging in the diagnostic work-up. Diagnostic difficulties first and foremost arise with regard to lesion localization and the precise definition of spatial lesion patterns. Magnetic resonance (MR) neurography as a diagnostic imaging tool directly visualizes nerve lesions thereby facilitating lesion localization not only in traumatic nerve lesions but also in the large and heterogeneous group of intrinsic, spontaneously occurring non-focal neuropathies. The major diagnostic sign for lesion detection and localization is the T2 lesion which can be evaluated with high spatial resolution at the anatomical level of nerve fascicles. Lesion detection at the fascicular level by MR neurography advances the diagnostic work-up in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), because fascicular and partial nerve lesions of spontaneously occurring intrinsic neuropathies and polyneuropathies present a classical diagnostic pitfall for traditional localization by means of physical findings and electrophysiology. With the appropriate techniques and strategies MR neurography can now cover large anatomical areas of the PNS in a single examination session.", "publicationTitle": "Der Nervenarzt", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Feb 2014", "volume": "85", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "221-235; quiz 236-237", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Nervenarzt", "DOI": "10.1007/s00115-013-3951-0", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "24519060", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1433-0407", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "[MR neurography for lesion localization in the peripheral nervous system. Why, when and how?", "language": "ger", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Image Enhancement", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Magnetic Resonance Imaging", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Peripheral Nerves", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Peripheral Nervous System Diseases", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "4WVBGIK2" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-03T20:54:06Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-03T20:54:06Z" } }, { "key": "3RKXNN65", "version": 19, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 299166, "name": "ashleyB", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/299166/items/3RKXNN65", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb/items/3RKXNN65", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1359538, "username": "summersjss", "name": "Jeremy S. Summers", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/summersjss", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Thawait et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-02", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "3RKXNN65", "version": 19, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Magnetic resonance neurography research: evaluation of its effectiveness", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gaurav K.", "lastName": "Thawait" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Avneesh", "lastName": "Chhabra" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John A.", "lastName": "Carrino" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John", "lastName": "Eng" } ], "abstractNote": "Magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) is a specialized technique that is rapidly becoming part of the diagnostic algorithm of peripheral nerve pathology. However, in order for this modality to be considered appropriate, its value compared with current methods of diagnosis should be established. Therefore, radiologists involved in MRN research should use appropriate methodology to evaluate MRN's effectiveness with a multidisciplinary approach. This article reviews the various tiers of research available to assess the clinical value of a diagnostic modality with an emphasis on how to evaluate the impact of MRN on diagnostic thinking and therapeutic decisions.", "publicationTitle": "Neuroimaging Clinics of North America", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Feb 2014", "volume": "24", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "257-261", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am.", "DOI": "10.1016/j.nic.2013.03.030", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "24210324", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1557-9867", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Magnetic resonance neurography research", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Biomedical Research", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Evidence-Based Medicine", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Magnetic Resonance Imaging", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Neuroimaging", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Outcome Assessment (Health Care)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Peripheral Nerves", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Peripheral Nervous System Diseases", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "4WVBGIK2" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-03T20:54:06Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-03T20:54:06Z" } }, { "key": "QV22RFXW", "version": 19, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 299166, "name": "ashleyB", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/299166/items/QV22RFXW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb/items/QV22RFXW", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1359538, "username": "summersjss", "name": "Jeremy S. Summers", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/summersjss", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lutz et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-02", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "QV22RFXW", "version": 19, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "MR imaging of the brachial plexus", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Amelie M.", "lastName": "Lutz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Garry", "lastName": "Gold" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christopher", "lastName": "Beaulieu" } ], "abstractNote": "Continuous improvements in magnetic resonance scanner, coil, and pulse sequence technology have resulted in the ability to perform routine, high-quality imaging of the brachial plexus. With knowledge of the anatomy of the plexus, and a familiarity with common pathologic conditions affecting this area, radiologists can provide valuable imaging evaluation of patients with brachial plexus pathologies.", "publicationTitle": "Neuroimaging Clinics of North America", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Feb 2014", "volume": "24", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "91-108", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am.", "DOI": "10.1016/j.nic.2013.03.024", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "24210315", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1557-9867", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Brachial Plexus", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Brachial Plexus Neuropathies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Magnetic Resonance Imaging", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Middle Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Neuroimaging", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Treatment Outcome", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "4WVBGIK2" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-03T20:54:06Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-03T20:54:06Z" } }, { "key": "P6T564XZ", "version": 19, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 299166, "name": "ashleyB", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/299166/items/P6T564XZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb/items/P6T564XZ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1359538, "username": "summersjss", "name": "Jeremy S. Summers", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/summersjss", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Chalian et al.", "parsedDate": "2011-08", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "P6T564XZ", "version": 19, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "High-resolution 3T MR neurography of suprascapular neuropathy", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Majid", "lastName": "Chalian" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Neda", "lastName": "Faridian-Aragh" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Theodoros", "lastName": "Soldatos" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kiran", "lastName": "Batra" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Allan J.", "lastName": "Belzberg" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Eric H.", "lastName": "Williams" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John A.", "lastName": "Carrino" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Avneesh", "lastName": "Chhabra" } ], "abstractNote": "RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to illustrate the imaging findings on high-resolution 3T magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) in patients with suprascapular nerve (SSN) neuropathy.\nMATERIALS AND METHODS: From 3T MRN examinations performed for brachial plexus evaluation in 51 patients over a 3-year period, 15 patients with final diagnosis of suprascapular neuropathy were recruited. The diagnosis was confirmed by electrodiagnostic studies (EDS), clinical, and/or surgical follow-up examinations. Studies performed for the evaluation of tumor, neurofibromatosis, or known diffuse polyneuropathy were excluded.\nRESULTS: Two cases were excluded due to suboptimal imaging related to motion degradation and poor signal-to-noise ratio. MRN depicted asymmetric enlargement and/or abnormal T2 hyperintensity of C5 nerve root (10/13 cases), C6 nerve root (10/13 cases), both C5 and C6 nerve roots (7/13 cases), upper trunk (11/13 cases) and SSN (11/13 cases), and other brachial plexus segments involvement (4/13 cases). MR findings of denervation changes in the ipsilateral supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles were detected in 12/13 cases. In all seven cases where contrast-enhanced images were available, MRN demonstrated enhancement of the denervated muscles but did not provide any additional information regarding the nerve abnormality. None of the MRN studies revealed a mass lesion along the course of the SSN.\nCONCLUSION: 3T MRN is a valuable diagnostic tool in clinically suspected cases of suprascapular neuropathy, because it can directly demonstrate the nerve abnormality, as well as secondary muscle denervation changes. The reader should be aware that brachial plexopathy may coexist in patients with clinical diagnosis of SSN neuropathy.", "publicationTitle": "Academic Radiology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Aug 2011", "volume": "18", "issue": "8", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1049-1059", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Acad Radiol", "DOI": "10.1016/j.acra.2011.03.003", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "21536461", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1878-4046", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Brachial Plexus Neuropathies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Imaging, Three-Dimensional", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Magnetic Resonance Imaging", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Middle Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Muscle, Skeletal", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Peripheral Nervous System Diseases", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Scapula", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Shoulder Pain", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "4WVBGIK2" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-03T20:54:06Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-03T20:54:06Z" } }, { "key": "IJSR9GT9", "version": 19, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 299166, "name": "ashleyB", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/299166/items/IJSR9GT9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb/items/IJSR9GT9", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1359538, "username": "summersjss", "name": "Jeremy S. Summers", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/summersjss", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Chhabra et al.", "parsedDate": "2012-05", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "IJSR9GT9", "version": 19, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Advanced MR neurography imaging of radial nerve entrapment at the spiral groove: a case report", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Avneesh", "lastName": "Chhabra" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gene E.", "lastName": "Deune" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Emi", "lastName": "Murano" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jerry L.", "lastName": "Prince" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Theodoros", "lastName": "Soldatos" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Aaron", "lastName": "Flammang" } ], "abstractNote": "High-resolution magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) is being increasingly employed for the evaluation of peripheral nerves. We describe a case of spiral groove syndrome (Saturday night palsy) and illustrate the role of advanced 3 Tesla MRN imaging techniques, including three-dimensional diffusion-weighted fat-suppressed reversed fast imaging with steady-state precession and diffusion tensor imaging.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 2012", "volume": "28", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "263-266", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Reconstr Microsurg", "DOI": "10.1055/s-0032-1306377", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "22399255", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1098-8947", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Advanced MR neurography imaging of radial nerve entrapment at the spiral groove", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Magnetic Resonance Imaging", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Radial Nerve", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Radial Neuropathy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Shoulder Joint", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "4WVBGIK2" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-03T20:54:06Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-03T20:54:06Z" } }, { "key": "6S5MKESC", "version": 19, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 299166, "name": "ashleyB", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/299166/items/6S5MKESC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb/items/6S5MKESC", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1359538, "username": "summersjss", "name": "Jeremy S. Summers", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/summersjss", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Guggenberger et al.", "parsedDate": "2012-10", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "6S5MKESC", "version": 19, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Assessment of median nerve with MR neurography by using diffusion-tensor imaging: normative and pathologic diffusion values", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Roman", "lastName": "Guggenberger" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Daniel", "lastName": "Markovic" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Patrick", "lastName": "Eppenberger" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Avneesh", "lastName": "Chhabra" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Andreas", "lastName": "Schiller" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Daniel", "lastName": "Nanz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Klaas", "lastName": "Prüssmann" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gustav", "lastName": "Andreisek" } ], "abstractNote": "PURPOSE: To determine normative diffusion values of the median nerve at several anatomic locations in healthy men and women of variable age and to compare these normative values with those in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome.\nMATERIALS AND METHODS: After ethics board approval and written informed consent were obtained, 45 healthy volunteers (30 women, 15 men) and 15 patients (10 women, five men) were studied. Volunteers were divided into three age groups. Magnetic resonance (MR) neurography with diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) was performed in all study participants at 3.0 T by using a single-shot echo-planar imaging sequence (repetition time msec/echo time msec, 10 123/40; b=1200 sec/mm2). Fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the median nerve were determined by two readers at three locations: the levels of the distal radioulnar joint, pisiform bone, and hamate bone.\nRESULTS: Normative FA and ADC values were calculated for men and women, different age groups, and different anatomic locations. FA and ADC did not differ between men and women (P=.28 and P=.38, respectively). FA decreased and ADC increased when moving from proximal to distal locations (P<.001). FA decreased and ADC increased significantly with age (P<.001). There was a significant difference between healthy volunteers and patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (P<.001 for both FA and ADC). An FA threshold of 0.47 and an ADC threshold of 1.054×10(-3) mm2/sec might be used in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome.\nCONCLUSION: Normative diffusion values for MR neurography of the median nerve with DTI depend on the anatomic location and age but not on sex. Age-specific FA and ADC threshold values might be used to diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome.", "publicationTitle": "Radiology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Oct 2012", "volume": "265", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "194-203", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Radiology", "DOI": "10.1148/radiol.12111403", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "22820733", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1527-1315", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Assessment of median nerve with MR neurography by using diffusion-tensor imaging", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Age Factors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Analysis of Variance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Anisotropy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Carpal Tunnel Syndrome", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Case-Control Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Diffusion Tensor Imaging", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Median Nerve", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Middle Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Prospective Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ROC Curve", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Reference Values", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "4WVBGIK2" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-03T20:54:06Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-03T20:54:06Z" } }, { "key": "3V6B73HB", "version": 19, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 299166, "name": "ashleyB", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/299166/items/3V6B73HB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb/items/3V6B73HB", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1359538, "username": "summersjss", "name": "Jeremy S. Summers", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/summersjss", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Chhabra et al.", "parsedDate": "2013", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "3V6B73HB", "version": 19, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Recurrent ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow: Correlation of surgical findings and 3-Tesla magnetic resonance neurography", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Avneesh", "lastName": "Chhabra" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Vibhor", "lastName": "Wadhwa" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rashmi S", "lastName": "Thakkar" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John A", "lastName": "Carrino" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A Lee", "lastName": "Dellon" } ], "abstractNote": "The authors describe the correlation between 3-Tesla magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) and surgical findings in two patients who underwent multiple previous failed ulnar nerve surgeries. MRN correctly localized the site of the abnormality. Prospectively observed MRN findings of perineural fibrosis, ulnar nerve re-entrapment abnormalities, medial antebrachial cutaneous neuroma and additional median nerve entrapment were confirmed surgically.", "publicationTitle": "The Canadian Journal of Plastic Surgery", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2013", "volume": "21", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "186-189", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Can J Plast Surg", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3805642/", "accessDate": "2014-10-30T17:11:40Z", "PMID": "24421652", "PMCID": "PMC3805642", "ISSN": "1195-2199", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Recurrent ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed Central", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "4WVBGIK2" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-03T20:54:06Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-03T20:54:06Z" } }, { "key": "H3U9Q67F", "version": 18, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 299166, "name": "ashleyB", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/299166/items/H3U9Q67F", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb/items/H3U9Q67F", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1359538, "username": "summersjss", "name": "Jeremy S. Summers", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/summersjss", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Mitchell et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-11", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "H3U9Q67F", "version": 18, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "MRI of sports-related peripheral nerve injuries", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Charles H.", "lastName": "Mitchell" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Thomas M.", "lastName": "Brushart" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Shivani", "lastName": "Ahlawat" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Allan J.", "lastName": "Belzberg" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John A.", "lastName": "Carrino" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Laura M.", "lastName": "Fayad" } ], "abstractNote": "OBJECTIVE. Sports-related peripheral nerve injuries are common among athletes and are often underrecognized because of symptom overlap with more usual sports-related bone, soft-tissue, and joint injuries. CONCLUSION. MRI plays an increasingly important role in the workup of peripheral nerve injuries and may reveal severe nerve abnormalities before they are diagnosed by electrodiagnostic testing or a clinical examination. Sport-specific peripheral nerve injuries and their MRI appearance will be discussed in this article.", "publicationTitle": "AJR. American journal of roentgenology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Nov 2014", "volume": "203", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1075-1084", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "DOI": "10.2214/AJR.13.12183", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "25341148", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1546-3141", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "4WVBGIK2" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-03T20:54:06Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-03T20:54:06Z" } }, { "key": "A8Z3GNTR", "version": 18, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 299166, "name": "ashleyB", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/299166/items/A8Z3GNTR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb/items/A8Z3GNTR", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1359538, "username": "summersjss", "name": "Jeremy S. Summers", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/summersjss", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Zhao et al.", "parsedDate": "2013-05", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "A8Z3GNTR", "version": 18, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Diffusion-weighted MR neurography of extremity nerves with unidirectional motion-probing gradients at 3 T: feasibility study", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lianxin", "lastName": "Zhao" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Guangbin", "lastName": "Wang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Linlin", "lastName": "Yang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lebin", "lastName": "Wu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Xiangtao", "lastName": "Lin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Avneesh", "lastName": "Chhabra" } ], "abstractNote": "OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to show the feasibility and performance of diffusion-weighted MR neurography (MRN) of extremity nerves with unidirectional motion-probing gradients at 3 T.\nSUBJECTS AND METHODS: Forty-seven healthy volunteers and 10 patients underwent diffusion-weighted MRN of extremity nerves with unidirectional motion-probing gradients (anterior-posterior direction only) on a 3-T unit. Images were displayed using a maximum-intensity-projection technique. Two radiologists blindly and independently evaluated the imaging quality of extremity nerves on diffusion-weighted MRN images using a 4-point grading scale, with 4 indicating excellent quality and 1 indicating poor quality, and evaluated the relation of the lesion to adjacent nerves in patients.\nRESULTS: In volunteers, the long trajectories of major extremity nerves, including the radial, median, ulnar, sciatic, tibial, and common peroneal nerves, could be visualized 3D on diffusion-weighted MRN images. The mean imaging quality scores of all nerves for observers 1 and 2 were 3.68 ± 0.70 (SD) and 3.70 ± 0.66, respectively. Interobserver agreement was good (κ = 0.774). In patients, there was no discrepancy in imaging quality scores between observers. Scores of all nerves were 2-4 except in two patients with neurofibromatosis and one patient who underwent imaging soon after surgery. The extent of the lesions and the relationship of the lesions to the adjacent nerves were clearly depicted on diffusion-weighted MRN images of all patients.\nCONCLUSION: This preliminary study shows that 3-T diffusion-weighted MRN with unidirectional motion-probing gradients is feasible for 3D visualization of major extremity nerves. Diffusion-weighted MRN may enable nerve depiction and allow assessment of the anatomic relationship between lesions with diffusion restriction and adjacent nerves.", "publicationTitle": "AJR. American journal of roentgenology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 2013", "volume": "200", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1106-1114", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "DOI": "10.2214/AJR.12.9213", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "23617497", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1546-3141", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Diffusion-weighted MR neurography of extremity nerves with unidirectional motion-probing gradients at 3 T", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adolescent", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Algorithms", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Child", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Extremities", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Feasibility Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Image Enhancement", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Middle Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Motion", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Neuroimaging", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Peripheral Nerves", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Peripheral Nervous System Diseases", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Reproducibility of Results", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sensitivity and Specificity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Young Adult", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "4WVBGIK2" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-03T20:54:06Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-03T20:54:06Z" } }, { "key": "WVJEB75K", "version": 18, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 299166, "name": "ashleyB", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/299166/items/WVJEB75K", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb/items/WVJEB75K", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1359538, "username": "summersjss", "name": "Jeremy S. Summers", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/summersjss", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Briani et al.", "parsedDate": "2013-09", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "WVJEB75K", "version": 18, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "MR neurography findings in axonal multifocal motor neuropathy", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Chiara", "lastName": "Briani" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mario", "lastName": "Cacciavillani" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marta", "lastName": "Lucchetta" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Diego", "lastName": "Cecchin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Roberto", "lastName": "Gasparotti" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Neurology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Sep 2013", "volume": "260", "issue": "9", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "2420-2422", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J. Neurol.", "DOI": "10.1007/s00415-013-7052-6", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "23893000", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1432-1459", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Electrophysiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Magnetic Resonance Imaging", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Middle Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Polyneuropathies", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "4WVBGIK2" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-03T20:54:06Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-03T20:54:06Z" } }, { "key": "PCEREXWQ", "version": 18, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 299166, "name": "ashleyB", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/299166/items/PCEREXWQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb/items/PCEREXWQ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1359538, "username": "summersjss", "name": "Jeremy S. Summers", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/summersjss", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Luigetti et al.", "parsedDate": "2013", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "PCEREXWQ", "version": 18, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "MRI neurography findings in patients with idiopathic brachial plexopathy: correlations with clinical-neurophysiological data in eight consecutive cases", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marco", "lastName": "Luigetti" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Emanuele", "lastName": "Pravatà" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Cesare", "lastName": "Colosimo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mario", "lastName": "Sabatelli" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marcella", "lastName": "Masciullo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Fioravante", "lastName": "Capone" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mauro", "lastName": "Lo Monaco" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mauro", "lastName": "Monforte" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gabriella", "lastName": "Silvestri" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Enzo", "lastName": "Ricci" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Enzo", "lastName": "Pacciani" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Vincenzo", "lastName": "Di Lazzaro" } ], "abstractNote": "OBJECTIVE: Idiopathic brachial plexopathy is a non-progressive disorder characterized by the sudden onset of shoulder pain associated with weakness and sometimes paraesthesia of the arm. Clinical and electrophysiological examinations are the primary diagnostic tools and allow physicians to localize the site of damage. MRI neurography is rarely performed in this setting.\nMETHODS: We herein describe the cases of eight consecutive patients suffering from idiopathic brachial plexopathy. All patients underwent clinical visits, neurophysiological evaluations and MRI neurography.\nRESULTS: We confirmed the primary role of clinical and neurophysiological evaluations in the diagnosis of idiopathic brachial plexopathy and demonstrate the usefulness of brachial plexus MRI neurography for confirming the presence of inflammatory changes.\nCONCLUSION: In patients with idiopathic brachial plexopathy, MR neurography is a helpful tool for excluding different aetiologies, such as compression or tumour formation, and/or confirming inflammatory changes.", "publicationTitle": "Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan)", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2013", "volume": "52", "issue": "18", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "2031-2039", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Intern. Med.", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "24042509", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1349-7235", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "MRI neurography findings in patients with idiopathic brachial plexopathy", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Brachial Plexus Neuropathies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Electrophysiological Phenomena", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Magnetic Resonance Imaging", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Middle Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Neural Conduction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Steroids", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Tomography, X-Ray Computed", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "electromyography", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "4WVBGIK2" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-03T20:54:06Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-03T20:54:06Z" } }, { "key": "TD9DMJ6F", "version": 18, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 299166, "name": "ashleyB", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/299166/items/TD9DMJ6F", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb/items/TD9DMJ6F", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1359538, "username": "summersjss", "name": "Jeremy S. Summers", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/summersjss", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Chhabra et al.", "parsedDate": "2014", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "TD9DMJ6F", "version": 18, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Peripheral nerve injury grading simplified on MR neurography: As referenced to Seddon and Sunderland classifications", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Avneesh", "lastName": "Chhabra" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Shivani", "lastName": "Ahlawat" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Allan", "lastName": "Belzberg" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gustav", "lastName": "Andreseik" } ], "abstractNote": "The Seddon and Sunderland classifications have been used by physicians for peripheral nerve injury grading and treatment. While Seddon classification is simpler to follow and more relevant to electrophysiologists, the Sunderland grading is more often used by surgeons to decide when and how to intervene. With increasing availability of high-resolution and high soft-tissue contrast imaging provided by MR neurography, the surgical treatment can be guided following the above-described grading systems. The article discusses peripheral nerve anatomy, pathophysiology of nerve injury, traditional grading systems for classifying the severity of nerve injury, and the role of MR neurography in this domain, with respective clinical and surgical correlations, as one follows the anatomic paths of various nerve injury grading systems.", "publicationTitle": "The Indian Journal of Radiology & Imaging", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2014", "volume": "24", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "217-224", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Indian J Radiol Imaging", "DOI": "10.4103/0971-3026.137025", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4126136/", "accessDate": "2014-10-30T17:10:40Z", "PMID": "25114384", "PMCID": "PMC4126136", "ISSN": "0971-3026", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Peripheral nerve injury grading simplified on MR neurography", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed Central", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "4WVBGIK2" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-03T20:54:06Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-03T20:54:06Z" } }, { "key": "S9AAIDI6", "version": 18, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 299166, "name": "ashleyB", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/299166/items/S9AAIDI6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb/items/S9AAIDI6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1359538, "username": "summersjss", "name": "Jeremy S. Summers", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/summersjss", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Pham et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-08", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "S9AAIDI6", "version": 18, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Peripheral nerves and plexus: imaging by MR-neurography and high-resolution ultrasound", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mirko", "lastName": "Pham" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tobias", "lastName": "Bäumer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Martin", "lastName": "Bendszus" } ], "abstractNote": "PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this study is to review advances in magnetic resonance (MR)-neurography and nerve-ultrasound for the precise visualization and localization of nerve lesions not only in nerve trauma or mass lesions, but also in entrapment-related and spontaneously occurring intrinsic neuropathies. These advances may improve the understanding and classification of peripheral neuropathies.\nRECENT FINDINGS: Diagnostic studies of MR-neurography and high-resolution ultrasound in entrapment-neuropathies consistently report accurate determination and localization of symptomatic nerve entrapment. Additionally, the longitudinal sampling of nerve-T2-signal over larger areas of coverage has become technically feasible. With this approach, more complex patterns of spatial lesion dispersion in nonfocal neuropathies could be observed with reliable lesion image contrast at the level of individual nerve fascicles. Imaging detection of fascicular lesions allows for more accurate localization, because fascicular lesion types represent a specific pitfall for clinical-electrophysiological examinations. Fascicular hypoechogenicity of high-resolution ultrasound is the correlate of nerve-T2-signal lesions, but contrast is inferior and difficult to quantify. Therefore, nerve enlargement remains the main diagnostic criterion in high-resolution ultrasound. Diffusion-tensor-MR-neurography provides quantitative estimates of fiber structure, which were shown to correlate with aging and focal entrapment.\nSUMMARY: High-resolution nerve imaging with extended anatomical coverage is feasible and improves the topographic description of spatial lesion dispersion which is particularly relevant for the discrimination between focal and nonfocal neuropathies.", "publicationTitle": "Current Opinion in Neurology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Aug 2014", "volume": "27", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "370-379", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Curr. Opin. Neurol.", "DOI": "10.1097/WCO.0000000000000111", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "24978367", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1473-6551", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Peripheral nerves and plexus", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "4WVBGIK2" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-03T20:54:06Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-03T20:54:06Z" } }, { "key": "7RXZPEMM", "version": 18, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 299166, "name": "ashleyB", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/299166/items/7RXZPEMM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb/items/7RXZPEMM", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1359538, "username": "summersjss", "name": "Jeremy S. Summers", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/summersjss", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Chhabra", "parsedDate": "2014-02", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "7RXZPEMM", "version": 18, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Peripheral MR neurography: approach to interpretation", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Avneesh", "lastName": "Chhabra" } ], "abstractNote": "The magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) examination is rapidly becoming a part of the diagnostic algorithm of patients with peripheral neuropathy; however, because of the technical demands and the lack of required reading skills, the examination is relatively underutilized and is currently limited to a few tertiary care centers. The radiologists with interest in peripheral nerve imaging should be able to perform and interpret this examination to exploit its potential for widespread use. This article outlines the systematic, stepwise approach to its interpretation and a brief discussion of the imaging pitfalls.", "publicationTitle": "Neuroimaging Clinics of North America", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Feb 2014", "volume": "24", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "79-89", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am.", "DOI": "10.1016/j.nic.2013.03.033", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "24210314", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1557-9867", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Peripheral MR neurography", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Image Enhancement", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Incidental Findings", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Magnetic Resonance Imaging", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Neuroimaging", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Peripheral Nerves", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Peripheral Nervous System Diseases", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "4WVBGIK2" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-03T20:54:06Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-03T20:54:06Z" } }, { "key": "2HEVQCK2", "version": 18, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 299166, "name": "ashleyB", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/299166/items/2HEVQCK2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ashleyb/items/2HEVQCK2", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1359538, "username": "summersjss", "name": "Jeremy S. Summers", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/summersjss", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Chhabra", "parsedDate": "2014-02", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "2HEVQCK2", "version": 18, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "MR neurography", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Avneesh", "lastName": "Chhabra" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Neuroimaging Clinics of North America", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Feb 2014", "volume": "24", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "xvii", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am.", "DOI": "10.1016/j.nic.2013.09.002", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "24210326", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1557-9867", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Magnetic Resonance Imaging", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Neuroimaging", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Peripheral Nerves", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Peripheral Nervous System Diseases", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "4WVBGIK2" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-03T20:54:06Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-03T20:54:06Z" } } ]