[ { "key": "479VJKG8", "version": 764, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 297283, "name": "Hydropower Life Cycle Assessments", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_life_cycle_assessments", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/297283/items/479VJKG8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_life_cycle_assessments/items/479VJKG8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1006944, "username": "ewarner", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ewarner", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Varun", "parsedDate": "2010", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "479VJKG8", "version": 764, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Life Cycle Energy and GHG Analysis of\nHydroelectric Power Development in\nIndia", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "Varun" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "International Journal of Green Energy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2010", "volume": "7", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "361-375", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "77DQN8S7", "UHNZXGHA" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-12-17T18:54:27Z", "dateModified": "2014-12-17T18:55:25Z" } }, { "key": "6AEFRQMW", "version": 755, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 297283, "name": "Hydropower Life Cycle Assessments", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_life_cycle_assessments", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/297283/items/6AEFRQMW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_life_cycle_assessments/items/6AEFRQMW", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1006944, "username": "ewarner", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ewarner", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Rentizelas", "parsedDate": "2014", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "6AEFRQMW", "version": 755, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Incorporating life cycle external cost in optimization of the electricity generation mix", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "Rentizelas" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2014", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "77DQN8S7" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-12-16T23:48:34Z", "dateModified": "2014-12-16T23:48:34Z" } }, { "key": "UIXWJF28", "version": 748, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 297283, "name": "Hydropower Life Cycle Assessments", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_life_cycle_assessments", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/297283/items/UIXWJF28", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_life_cycle_assessments/items/UIXWJF28", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2135482, "username": "albertacarpenter", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/albertacarpenter", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Wall and Passer", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "UIXWJF28", "version": 748, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "Harvesting factor in hydropower generation", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Wall" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Passer" } ], "abstractNote": "Discussions on the future energy supply lead to a comprehensive consideration of energy production and energy efficiency. Therefor an investigation of the whole lifecycle is needed to give an impression of the environmental performance. The aim of this paper is to show the environmental impacts of a hydropow-er plant over its lifecycle in a holistic approach. Accordingly, a life cycle assessment based on the bill of quantities of a small hydropower project was carried out to calculate its environmental impacts. Furthermore, the full ecological potential in terms of saved greenhouse gas emissions was indicated. Finally, the cumulated energy demand from the plant was then put in relationship to the produced energy of the hydropower plant, to create a so-called harvesting factor. The environmental impact clearly shows that the use of hydropower is more sustainable than other energy production technologies due to its low impacts on global warming potential.", "proceedingsTitle": "3rd International Symposium on Life-Cycle Civil Engineering, IALCCE 2012, October 3, 2012 - October 6, 2012", "conferenceName": "", "publisher": "Taylor & Francis - Balkema", "place": "", "date": "2012", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "2419-2426", "series": "Life-Cycle and Sustainability of Civil Infrastructure Systems - Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Life-Cycle Civil Engineering, IALCCE 2012", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://online.tugraz.at/tug_online/voe_main2.getvolltext?pCurrPk=79272", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Civil engineering" }, { "tag": "Energy efficiency" }, { "tag": "Energy management" }, { "tag": "Environmental impact" }, { "tag": "Environmental management" }, { "tag": "Gas emissions" }, { "tag": "Global warming" }, { "tag": "Hydroelectric power" }, { "tag": "Hydroelectric power plants" }, { "tag": "Life cycle" }, { "tag": "greenhouse gases" } ], "collections": [ "77DQN8S7", "UHNZXGHA" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-10-31T22:18:40Z", "dateModified": "2014-12-12T22:00:45Z" } }, { "key": "K4IZKEK4", "version": 753, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 297283, "name": "Hydropower Life Cycle Assessments", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_life_cycle_assessments", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/297283/items/K4IZKEK4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_life_cycle_assessments/items/K4IZKEK4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2135482, "username": "albertacarpenter", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/albertacarpenter", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ribeiro", "parsedDate": "2010", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "K4IZKEK4", "version": 753, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Life-cycle inventory for hydroelectric generation: a Brazilian case study", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Flávio de Miranda", "lastName": "Ribeiro" } ], "abstractNote": "Representative Life-Cycle Inventories (LCIs) are essential for Life-Cycle Assessments (LCAs) quality andreadiness. Because energy is such an important element of LCAs, appropriate LCIs on energy are crucial,and due to the prevalence of hydropower on Brazilian electricity mix, the frequently used LCIs are notrepresentative of the Brazilian conditions. The present study developed a LCI of the Itaipu HydropowerPlant, the major hydropower plant in the world, responsible for producing 23.8% of Brazil’s electricityconsumption. Focused on the capital investments to construct and operate the dam, the LCI was designedto serve as a database for the LCAs of Brazilian hydroelectricity production. The life-cycle boundariesencompass the construction and operation of the dam, as well as the life-cycles of the most importantmaterial and energy consumptions (cement, steel, copper, diesel oil, lubricant oil), as well as constructionsite operation, emissions from reservoir flooding, material and workers transportation, and earthworks.As a result, besides the presented inventory, it was possible to determine the following processes, andrespective environmental burdens as the most important life-cycle hotspots: reservoir filling (CO2 and CH4 emission; land use); steel life-cycle (water and energy consumption; CO, particulates, SOx and NOx\nemissions); cement life-cycle (water and energy consumption; CO2\n and particulate emissions); andoperation of civil construction machines (diesel consumption; NO x\n emissions). Compared with anotherhydropower studies, the LCI showed magnitude adequacy, with better results than small hydropower,which reveals a scale economy for material and energy exchanges in the case of Itaipu Power Plant", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Cleaner Production", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2010", "volume": "18", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "44-54", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652609002777", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "77DQN8S7", "UHNZXGHA" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-11-03T19:05:58Z", "dateModified": "2014-12-11T23:16:35Z" } }, { "key": "D4N7J77Z", "version": 745, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 297283, "name": "Hydropower Life Cycle Assessments", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_life_cycle_assessments", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/297283/items/D4N7J77Z", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_life_cycle_assessments/items/D4N7J77Z", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1006944, "username": "ewarner", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ewarner", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Teodoru", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "D4N7J77Z", "version": 745, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The net carbon footprint of a newly created boreal hydroelectric reservoir", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Cristian R. et al.", "lastName": "Teodoru" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2012", "volume": "26", "issue": "GB2016", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2011GB004187/abstract", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "QF7U4ZZ6" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-11-11T20:47:48Z", "dateModified": "2014-12-04T18:35:33Z" } }, { "key": "B37IAMME", "version": 744, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 297283, "name": "Hydropower Life Cycle Assessments", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_life_cycle_assessments", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": 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297283, "name": "Hydropower Life Cycle Assessments", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_life_cycle_assessments", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/297283/items/8SA8K9CD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_life_cycle_assessments/items/8SA8K9CD", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1006944, "username": "ewarner", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ewarner", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "International Hydropower Association", "parsedDate": "2010", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "8SA8K9CD", "version": 740, "itemType": "report", "title": "GHG Measurement Guidelines for Freshwater Reservoirs", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "International Hydropower Association" } ], "abstractNote": "", "reportNumber": "", "reportType": "", "institution": "", "place": "", "date": "2010", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.hydropower.org/ghg-measurement-guidelines-for-freshwater-reservoirs", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "QF7U4ZZ6" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-12-04T16:47:12Z", "dateModified": "2014-12-04T16:47:12Z" } }, { "key": "J3XTEMX8", "version": 738, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 297283, "name": "Hydropower Life Cycle Assessments", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_life_cycle_assessments", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/297283/items/J3XTEMX8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": 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"callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "QF7U4ZZ6" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-12-04T16:42:27Z", "dateModified": "2014-12-04T16:43:51Z" } }, { "key": "IE7GD9ZN", "version": 725, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 297283, "name": "Hydropower Life Cycle Assessments", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_life_cycle_assessments", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/297283/items/IE7GD9ZN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_life_cycle_assessments/items/IE7GD9ZN", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1006944, "username": "ewarner", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ewarner", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "World Nuclear Association", "parsedDate": "2010", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "IE7GD9ZN", "version": 725, 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"links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_life_cycle_assessments", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/297283/items/7TT3KAA2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_life_cycle_assessments/items/7TT3KAA2", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/297283/items/VUSVPA5F", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2135482, "username": "albertacarpenter", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/albertacarpenter", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "7TT3KAA2", "version": 706, "parentItem": "VUSVPA5F", "itemType": "note", "note": "

this doesn't seem to cover the full spectrum of life cycle phases. it has dissagregated data on construction

\n

1. weir, intake, canal, and forebay

\n

2. penstock

\n

3. powerhouse, turbine and outflow

\n

4. transmission line

\n

5. control house and control and conditioning equipment

\n

6. distribution

\n

 

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}, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1006944, "username": "ewarner", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ewarner", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Arnøy and Modahl", "parsedDate": "2013", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "4VGDI87Q", "version": 678, "itemType": "report", "title": "Life Cycle Data for Hydroelectric Generation at Trollheim Power Station: Background Data for Updating Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Silji", "lastName": "Arnøy" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ingunn Saur", "lastName": "Modahl" } ], "abstractNote": "", "reportNumber": "OR.04.13", "reportType": "", "institution": "Ostfold Research", "place": "", "date": "2013", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "25", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://ostfoldforskning.no/uploads/dokumenter/publikasjoner/722.pdf", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", 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data point is a bit confusing. based on a 1989 San Martin report.

\n

 

\n

San Martin report indicates that consturciotn impacts are 10 gCO2/kwh vice the 3.1 indicated in this report.

\n

http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/860643-PEjm71/

\n

looks at fuel extraction and then operation, both of which were determined to be negligble for small hydro.

\n

did not include any maitenance or end of life or supply chain.

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-11-08T00:26:58Z", "dateModified": "2014-11-08T00:29:44Z" } }, { "key": "ZQ8C2NXS", "version": 610, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 297283, "name": "Hydropower Life Cycle Assessments", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_life_cycle_assessments", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/297283/items/ZQ8C2NXS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_life_cycle_assessments/items/ZQ8C2NXS", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2135482, "username": "albertacarpenter", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/albertacarpenter", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 1006944, "username": "ewarner", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ewarner", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Zhang et al.", "parsedDate": "2007", "numChildren": 3 }, "data": { "key": "ZQ8C2NXS", "version": 610, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Life-cycle inventory of energy use and greenhouse gas emissions for two hydropower projects in China", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Qinfen", "lastName": "Zhang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bryan", "lastName": "Karney" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Heather L.", "lastName": "MacLean" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jingchun", "lastName": "Feng" } ], "abstractNote": "Two different sized hydropower projects in China, one with a capacity of 44 MW and the other of 3,600 MW, were examined through life-cycle assessment (LCA) from the perspective of both sustainability and environmental impact and the influence of project scale. Using the economic input-output based LCA approach, energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were quantified. The resulting energy payback ratios were found to be 7 and 48, whereas the normalized GHG emissions were 44 and 6 g CO2 equivalent per kW h of electricity production, both in favor of the larger project. Compared with published data on other renewable and nonrenewable pptions, temperate hydropower, particularly large hydropower, is indicated as an efficient electrical source with relatively low GHG emissions. 2007 ASCE.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Infrastructure Systems", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2007", "volume": "13", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "271-279", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Journal of Infrastructure Systems", "DOI": "10.1061/(ASCE)1076-0342(2007)13:4(271)", "citationKey": "", "url": "Y:\\6A20\\Public\\ewarner\\Water Vision", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "10760342", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Environmental impact" }, { "tag": "Gas emissions" }, { "tag": "Hydroelectric power" }, { "tag": "Life cycle" }, { "tag": "Sustainable development" }, { "tag": "greenhouse gases" } ], "collections": [ "77DQN8S7", "UHNZXGHA" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-10-31T22:18:40Z", "dateModified": "2014-11-06T23:39:52Z" } }, { "key": "VUSVPA5F", "version": 650, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 297283, "name": "Hydropower Life Cycle Assessments", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_life_cycle_assessments", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/297283/items/VUSVPA5F", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_life_cycle_assessments/items/VUSVPA5F", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1006944, "username": "ewarner", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ewarner", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Suwanit and Gheewala", "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "VUSVPA5F", "version": 650, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Life cycle assessment of mini-hydropower plants in Thailand", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Wannarat", "lastName": "Suwanit" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Shabbir H.", "lastName": "Gheewala" } ], "abstractNote": "Purpose\n\nThe conversion of electricity in Thailand is mainly based on fossil fuels that account more than 90% of electricity generated in the country. The use of fossil fuels has large environmental impacts, and being largely imported, also affects the energy security of the country. From the oil shock situation in 1970s, there has been interest in renewable energy in Thailand resulting in the policy goal for the year 2020 to increase the portion of renewable energy to 20% of energy used in the country. Now, hydropower contributes a significant portion of the renewable energy in Thailand, and mini-hydropower (run-of-river type with capacity between 200 to 6000 kW) tends to be most attractive. This is particularly suitable for Thailand, and it is being applied at several locations. Thus, the overall life cycle assessment (LCA), from cradle to gate, of mini-hydropower plants needs to be assessed for quantitative evaluation.\nMaterials and methods\n\nThere are five mini-hydropower plants in this study. The inputs and outputs of materials and energy used since before construction stage to demolition stage are inventoried and assessed via LCA using the CML 2001 baseline methodology for impact assessment. The impact categories considered in this study are global warming (GWP), abiotic depletion (ADP), acidification (ACP), fresh water aquatic toxicity (FWAP), human toxicology (HTP), photochemical oxidation (POP), and fossil fuel resource depletion (FRP) potential. The functional unit used is 1 MWh electricity produced from mini-hydropower plants in Thailand, and the life span of the power plants is 50 years.\nResults\n\nFor each of the environmental impact categories considered, the impact potentials were evaluated for each of the five mini-hydropower plants; 76.39–151.55 g Sb eq/MWh for ADP, 57.28–116.94 g SO2 eq/MWh for ACP, 11.01–23.01 kg CO2 eq/MWh for GWP, 23.01–52.05 kg 1,4-DB eq/MWh for HTP, 4.58–9.08 kg 1,4-DB eq/MWh for FWAP, 2.93–7.47 g C2H4 eq/MWh for POP, and 35.11–79.13 g Sb eq/MWh for FRP.\nResults and discussion\n\nThe main contributors to the impacts are the huge amount of materials used for construction of the mini-hydropower plant; sand, gravel, cement, reinforcement steel, pressure pipeline steel, iron, copper, and electric equipment and energy used for construction activities, construction equipment, and transportation. The remoteness of the mini-hydropower plants and the requirement of importing electric equipment technology from overseas are significant contributors to the environmental impacts.\nConclusions and perspectives\n\nThe environmental “hot spots” are construction and transportation stage because of remoteness, huge amount of materials and energy use in construction period, and the use of imported equipment. Mini-hydropower plants do not only generate power, but being in hilly regions that are often quite scenic, can serve as public knowledge centers for renewable energy. Thus, the multiple purposes of mini-hydropower power plants should be utilized in the future. The proper management of environmental and social issues throughout the project cycle is essential taking into consideration the hydrological cycle and seasonal variations. Fresh water is a necessary resource for many living things and hence necessary to be managed wisely. These study results would serve as basic information for decision makers, environmentalists, and all stakeholders and provide a general picture of environmental impacts from mini-hydropower plants in Thailand.", "publicationTitle": "The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2011", "volume": "16", "issue": "9", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "849-858", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11367-011-0311-9#", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "SPZW4KK6" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-11-04T00:31:25Z", "dateModified": "2014-11-04T00:33:01Z" } }, { "key": "3H395I38", "version": 479, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 297283, "name": "Hydropower Life Cycle Assessments", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_life_cycle_assessments", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/297283/items/3H395I38", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_life_cycle_assessments/items/3H395I38", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/297283/items/ZQ8C2NXS", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2135482, "username": "albertacarpenter", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/albertacarpenter", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "3H395I38", "version": 479, "parentItem": "ZQ8C2NXS", "itemType": "note", "note": "

Birdie - requested the library to purchase this.

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-11-03T23:06:29Z", "dateModified": "2014-11-03T23:06:52Z" } }, { "key": "SUCG8NZV", "version": 640, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 297283, "name": "Hydropower Life Cycle Assessments", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_life_cycle_assessments", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/297283/items/SUCG8NZV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_life_cycle_assessments/items/SUCG8NZV", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2135482, "username": "albertacarpenter", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/albertacarpenter", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Demarty", "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "SUCG8NZV", "version": 640, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "GHG emissions from hydroelectric reservoirs in tropical and equatorial regions: Review of 20 years of CH4 emission measurements", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Demarty" } ], "abstractNote": "Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from reservoirs have been under the microscope for more a decade now. In particular, the high CH4 emissions reported in warm systems have tarnished the green credentials of hydroelectricity in terms of GHG emissions. Reliable estimates of CH4 emissions are crucial, since CH4 has a greenhouse warming potential of 25 and because, unlike CO2, CH4 emissions should be counted for the entire life cycle of a reservoir. Up to now, the highest CH4 emissions from reservoirs have been measured in warm latitudes, thus adding an argument against the use of hydroelectricity in these regions. However, to our knowledge, GHG emissions have been measured for only 18 of the 741 large dams (>10Â MW, according to the ICOLD register) listed in the tropics. This article reviews the limited scientific information available and concludes that, at this time, no global position can be taken regarding the importance and extent of GHG emissions in warm latitudes.", "publicationTitle": "Energy Policy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2011", "volume": "39", "issue": "7", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "4197-4206", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421511003168", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "QF7U4ZZ6" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-11-03T19:02:28Z", "dateModified": "2014-11-03T19:04:02Z" } }, { "key": "WB69HHQ2", "version": 658, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 297283, "name": "Hydropower Life Cycle Assessments", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_life_cycle_assessments", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/297283/items/WB69HHQ2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_life_cycle_assessments/items/WB69HHQ2", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2135482, "username": "albertacarpenter", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/albertacarpenter", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Rosa", "parsedDate": "2004", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "WB69HHQ2", "version": 658, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM HYDROELECTRIC RESERVOIRS IN TROPICAL REGIONS", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Luiz Pinguelli", "lastName": "Rosa" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Climatic Change", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2004", "volume": "66", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://ecologia.icb.ufmg.br/~rpcoelho/Congressos/DGL2008/Reservoirs%20GHG%20emiissions/Rosa%201.pdf", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "QF7U4ZZ6" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-11-03T18:51:54Z", "dateModified": "2014-11-03T18:53:47Z" } }, { "key": "BD87N984", "version": 447, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 297283, "name": "Hydropower Life Cycle Assessments", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_life_cycle_assessments", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/297283/items/BD87N984", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_life_cycle_assessments/items/BD87N984", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/297283/items/M54ZWFBJ", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2135482, "username": "albertacarpenter", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/albertacarpenter", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BD87N984", "version": 447, "parentItem": "M54ZWFBJ", "itemType": "note", "note": "

does not look at traditional hydropower.

\n

 

\n

looking at tidal and wave power

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-11-03T16:55:24Z", "dateModified": "2014-11-03T16:55:47Z" } }, { "key": "BUENTD5X", "version": 446, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 297283, "name": "Hydropower Life Cycle Assessments", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_life_cycle_assessments", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/297283/items/BUENTD5X", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_life_cycle_assessments/items/BUENTD5X", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/297283/items/7BAXFHQG", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2135482, "username": "albertacarpenter", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/albertacarpenter", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BUENTD5X", "version": 446, "parentItem": "7BAXFHQG", "itemType": "note", "note": "

1. we would have to purchase this article

\n

2. it looks like this article is looking primarily at wind energy and has a pumped storage component for energy storage.

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-11-03T16:40:01Z", "dateModified": "2014-11-03T16:40:57Z" } }, { "key": "FQQPRTRR", "version": 660, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 297283, "name": "Hydropower Life Cycle Assessments", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_life_cycle_assessments", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/297283/items/FQQPRTRR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_life_cycle_assessments/items/FQQPRTRR", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2135482, "username": "albertacarpenter", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/albertacarpenter", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Raadal et al.", "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "FQQPRTRR", "version": 660, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the generation of wind and hydro power", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Hanne Lerche", "lastName": "Raadal" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Luc", "lastName": "Gagnon" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ingunn Saur", "lastName": "Modahl" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ole Jrgen", "lastName": "Hanssen" } ], "abstractNote": "This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the life cycle GHG emissions from wind and hydro power generation, based on relevant published studies. Comparisons with conventional fossil, nuclear and other renewable generation systems are also presented, in order to put the GHG emissions of wind and hydro power in perspective. Studies on GHG emissions from wind and hydro power show large variations in GHG emissions, varying from 0.2 to 152 g CO 2-equivalents per kW h. The main parameters affecting GHG emissions are also discussed in this article, in relation to these variations. The wide ranging results indicate a need for stricter standardised rules and requirements for life-cycle assessments (LCAs), in order to differentiate between variations due to methodological disparities and those due to real differences in performance of the plants. Since LCAs are resource- and time-intensive, development of generic GHG results for each technology could be an alternative to developing specific data for each plant. This would require the definition of typical parameters for each technology, for example a typical capacity factor for wind power. Such generic data would be useful in documenting GHG emissions from electricity generation for electricity trading purposes. 2011 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.", "publicationTitle": "Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2011", "volume": "15", "issue": "7", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "3417-3422", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews", "DOI": "10.1016/j.rser.2011.05.001", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "13640321", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Carbon dioxide" }, { "tag": "Electric generators" }, { "tag": "Electric power generation" }, { "tag": "Electricity" }, { "tag": "Gas emissions" }, { "tag": "Global warming" }, { "tag": "Hydroelectric power" }, { "tag": "Hydroelectric power plants" }, { "tag": "Life cycle" }, { "tag": "Wind power" }, { "tag": "greenhouse gases" } ], "collections": [ "WGAAQQSZ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-10-31T22:18:40Z", "dateModified": "2014-10-31T22:18:40Z" } } ]