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L.", "lastName": "Bard" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Seung Y.", "lastName": "Rhee" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Nature Reviews Genetics", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "3/2004", "volume": "5", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "213-222", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1038/nrg1295", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nrg1295", "accessDate": "2015-05-19T14:24:51Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1471-0056, 1471-0064", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Ontologies in biology", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "MPIT7ATD" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-05-19T14:24:51Z", "dateModified": "2015-05-19T14:24:51Z" } }, { "key": "7ZHM5FPV", "version": 8, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 293821, "name": "PaleoCore ODP", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/paleocore_odp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/293821/items/7ZHM5FPV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/paleocore_odp/items/7ZHM5FPV", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/293821/items/Z8TVM9HX", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 31981, "username": "wabarr", "name": "Andrew", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/wabarr", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "7ZHM5FPV", "version": 8, "parentItem": "Z8TVM9HX", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Hepp - 2007 - Possible Ontologies How Reality Constrains the De.pdf", "accessDate": "2015-05-19T14:22:04Z", "url": "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx5/4236/4061105/04061129.pdf?tp=&arnumber=4061129&isnumber=4061105", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Hepp - 2007 - Possible Ontologies How Reality Constrains the De.pdf", "md5": null, "mtime": null, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-05-19T14:22:04Z", "dateModified": "2015-05-19T14:22:13Z" } }, { "key": "4Q6HECXP", "version": 8, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 293821, "name": "PaleoCore ODP", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/paleocore_odp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/293821/items/4Q6HECXP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/paleocore_odp/items/4Q6HECXP", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/293821/items/Z8TVM9HX", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 31981, "username": "wabarr", "name": "Andrew", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/wabarr", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "4Q6HECXP", "version": 8, "parentItem": "Z8TVM9HX", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "IEEE Xplore Abstract Record", "accessDate": "2015-05-19T14:22:07Z", "url": "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=4061129", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "articleDetails.html", "md5": null, "mtime": null, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-05-19T14:22:07Z", "dateModified": "2015-05-19T14:22:07Z" } }, { "key": "Z8TVM9HX", "version": 8, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 293821, "name": "PaleoCore ODP", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/paleocore_odp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/293821/items/Z8TVM9HX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/paleocore_odp/items/Z8TVM9HX", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 31981, "username": "wabarr", "name": "Andrew", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/wabarr", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hepp", "parsedDate": "2007-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "Z8TVM9HX", "version": 8, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Possible Ontologies: How Reality Constrains the Development of Relevant Ontologies", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Hepp" } ], "abstractNote": "For years, ontologies have been known in computer science as consensual models of domains of discourse, usually implemented as formal definitions of the relevant conceptual entities. Researchers have written much about the potential benefits of using them, and most of us regard ontologies as central building blocks of the semantic Web and other semantic systems. Unfortunately, the number and quality of actual, \"non-toy\" ontologies available on the Web today is remarkably low. This implies that the semantic Web community has yet to build practically useful ontologies for a lot of relevant domains in order to make the semantic Web a reality. Theoretically minded advocates often assume that the lack of ontologies is because the \"stupid business people haven't realized ontologies' enormous benefits.\" As a liberal market economist, the author assumes that humans can generally figure out what's best for their well-being, at least in the long run, and that they act accordingly. In other words, the fact that people haven't yet created as many useful ontologies as the ontology research community would like might indicate either unresolved technical limitations or the existence of sound rationales for why individuals refrain from building them - or both. Indeed, several social and technical difficulties exist that put a brake on developing and eventually constrain the space of possible ontologies", "publicationTitle": "IEEE Internet Computing", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "January 2007", "volume": "11", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "90-96", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1109/MIC.2007.20", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1089-7801", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Possible Ontologies", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "IEEE Xplore", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Automation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Best practices", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Computer science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Documentation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Intellectual property", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Law", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Legal factors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Ontologies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Semantic web", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "intellectual property rights", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ontologies (artificial intelligence)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ontology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ontology development constraints", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-05-19T14:22:04Z", "dateModified": "2015-05-19T14:22:04Z" } }, { "key": "7HPTWM43", "version": 7, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 293821, "name": "PaleoCore ODP", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/paleocore_odp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/293821/items/7HPTWM43", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/paleocore_odp/items/7HPTWM43", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/293821/items/A8VUI4QE", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1091, "username": "praomys", "name": "Denne Reed", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/praomys", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "7HPTWM43", "version": 7, "parentItem": "A8VUI4QE", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2015-05-19T14:20:02Z", "url": "http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-90-481-8847-5_14", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "978-90-481-8847-5_14.html", "md5": "bb37eef4b42276eac6ca5335849958ce", "mtime": 1432045201000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-05-19T14:20:02Z", "dateModified": "2015-05-19T14:20:02Z" } }, { "key": "A8VUI4QE", "version": 7, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 293821, "name": "PaleoCore ODP", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/paleocore_odp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/293821/items/A8VUI4QE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/paleocore_odp/items/A8VUI4QE", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1091, "username": "praomys", "name": "Denne Reed", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/praomys", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Herre", "parsedDate": "2010", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "A8VUI4QE", "version": 7, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "General Formal Ontology (GFO): A Foundational Ontology for Conceptual Modelling", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Heinrich", "lastName": "Herre" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Roberto", "lastName": "Poli" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Michael", "lastName": "Healy" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Achilles", "lastName": "Kameas" } ], "abstractNote": "The current chapter presents an overview about the current stage of the foundational ontology GFO. GFO (General Formal Ontology). GFO is a foundational ontology integrating objects and processes. It is being developed by the research group Onto-Med (Ontologies in Medicine) at the University of Leipzig. Unique selling properties of GFO are the following: it includes categories of objects (3D objects) as well as of processes (4D entities) and both are integrated into one coherent framework. GFO presents a multi-categorial approach by admitting universals, concepts, and symbol structures and their interrelations. GFO adopts categories pertaining to levels of reality, and it is designed to support interoperability by principles of ontological mapping and reduction. GFO contains several novel ontological modules, in particular, a module for functions and a module for roles. GFO is designed for applications, firstly in medical, biological, and biomedical areas, but also in the fields of economics and sociology.", "bookTitle": "Theory and Applications of Ontology: Computer Applications", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2010", "publisher": "Springer Netherlands", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "297-345", "ISBN": "978-90-481-8846-8, 978-90-481-8847-5", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-90-481-8847-5_14", "accessDate": "2015-05-19T14:20:00Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "General Formal Ontology (GFO)", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "link.springer.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "©2010 Springer Netherlands", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Information Systems Applications (incl.Internet)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ontology", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "MPIT7ATD" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-05-19T14:20:00Z", "dateModified": "2015-05-19T14:20:00Z" } }, { "key": "3NVNHSTG", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 293821, "name": "PaleoCore ODP", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/paleocore_odp", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/293821/items/3NVNHSTG", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/paleocore_odp/items/3NVNHSTG", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 31981, "username": "wabarr", "name": "Andrew", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/wabarr", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Starr and Parente de Oliveira", "parsedDate": "2013-07", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "3NVNHSTG", "version": 5, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Concept maps as the first step in an ontology construction method", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rodrigo Rizzi", "lastName": "Starr" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "José Maria", "lastName": "Parente de Oliveira" } ], "abstractNote": "A method is proposed to be used as the first step in the ontology acquisition process. This method is based on the use of concept maps as a means of expression for the expert, followed by an application that assists the expert in detailing the structure of the knowledge represented in the map. This application analyses the concept map, taking into account the map topology and key words used by the expert. From this analysis a series of questions are presented to the expert that, when answered, reduce the map ambiguity and identify some common patterns in ontological representations, such as generalizations and mereologic relations. This information can be used by the knowledge engineer during further knowledge acquisition sessions or to direct the expert to a further improvement of the map. The method was tested by a group of volunteers, most of them engineers working at the aerospace sector, and the results suggest that both the use of concept mapping as well as the refining step are acceptable from the point of view of the end user, supporting the claim that this method is viable as an option to reduce some of the difficulties in large scale ontology construction.", "publicationTitle": "Information Systems", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "July 2013", "volume": "38", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "771-783", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Information Systems", "DOI": "10.1016/j.is.2012.05.010", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306437912000774", "accessDate": "2015-05-19T14:13:08Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0306-4379", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", 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