[ { "key": "C9MEZ5WM", "version": 148, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 293129, "name": "RaceReligionEthnicityAntiquity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/293129/items/C9MEZ5WM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity/items/C9MEZ5WM", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2103413, "username": "mvanveld", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mvanveld", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Jones", "parsedDate": "1996", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "C9MEZ5WM", "version": 148, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "ἔθνος and γένος in Herodotus", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C.P.", "lastName": "Jones" } ], "abstractNote": "Jones provides a semantic study of the words ἔθνος and γένος, as applied by Herodotus to such ethnic groups as Ionians, Persians, and Spartans. After close-reading several Herodotean passages, Jones concludes that there is a genuine semantic difference between the two words (and not merely a difference in taxonomy): while ἔθνος is a group viewed as a geographical, political or cultural entity, often in relation to the time of the narrative context, γένος is a group viewed as united by birth, and often in relation to some point previous to the narrative time.", "publicationTitle": "The Classical Quarterly", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1996", "volume": "46", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "315-20", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/639789", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-26T02:09:59Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-26T02:09:59Z" } }, { "key": "8MGM2QVA", "version": 147, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 293129, "name": "RaceReligionEthnicityAntiquity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/293129/items/8MGM2QVA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity/items/8MGM2QVA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2103413, "username": "mvanveld", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mvanveld", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Tuplin,", "parsedDate": "1996", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "8MGM2QVA", "version": 147, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "Greek Racism? Observations on the Character and Limits of Greek Ethnic Prejudice", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christopher", "lastName": "Tuplin," }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Gocha R.", "lastName": "Tsetskhladze" } ], "abstractNote": "Tuplin explores the question whether or not the classical Greek view of barbarians was ever racist. Drawing from such sources as Aristotle, Herodotus and Hippocrates, Tuplin concludes that, mostly due to a lack of physical variegation among foreigners and themselves, the Greeks failed to arrive at a 'true' racial theory, and that they thought in terms of ethnic prejudice rather than racism.", "bookTitle": "Ancient Greeks West and East", "series": "Mnemosyne. Supplementum.", "seriesNumber": "196", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "1996", "publisher": "Brill", "place": "Boston, Leiden", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "47-74", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.academia.edu/8101901/Greek_racism._Observations_on_the_character_and_limits_of_Greek_ethnic_prejudice", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-26T02:08:42Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-26T02:08:42Z" } }, { "key": "BDRFZXMR", "version": 150, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 293129, "name": "RaceReligionEthnicityAntiquity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/293129/items/BDRFZXMR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity/items/BDRFZXMR", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2103413, "username": "mvanveld", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mvanveld", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 2107474, "username": "sarahberns", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sarahberns", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hall", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BDRFZXMR", "version": 150, "itemType": "book", "title": "Hellenicity: Between Ethnicity and Culture", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jonathan M.", "lastName": "Hall" } ], "abstractNote": "Hall argues for a shift in identifying markers of Greekness ('hellenicity') during the classical period, away from ethnicity and toward culture. Surveying such topics as genealogy, colonization and Delphic panhellenism, Hall explains this shift toward privileging culture over land and blood through the Persian Wars and subsequent Athenian dominance: cultural Hellenicity is an Athenian invention.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2012", "publisher": "University of Chicago Press", "place": "Chicago", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "xx, 312 pp.", "ISBN": "0-226-31329-8", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "DF135 .H334 2002", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-26T02:06:38Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-26T02:06:38Z" } }, { "key": "VBUNEQI8", "version": 150, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 293129, "name": "RaceReligionEthnicityAntiquity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/293129/items/VBUNEQI8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity/items/VBUNEQI8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2103413, "username": "mvanveld", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mvanveld", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 2107474, "username": "sarahberns", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sarahberns", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hall", "parsedDate": "1997", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "VBUNEQI8", "version": 150, "itemType": "book", "title": "Ethnic Identity in Greek Antiquity", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jonathan M.", "lastName": "Hall" } ], "abstractNote": "Exploring the ways in which Dorians, Ionians, and Aeolians came to think of themselves as separate groups, Hall argues for the fluidity of the Greek concept of ethnicity, and frames his study within a context of modern parallels. Surveying modern scholarship on the topic, the discursive nature of ethnicity in ancient Greece is discussed particularly in relation to genealogy, archaeology, and linguistics. Intrahellenic markers of ethnicity, Hall argues, are fluid and negotiable.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "1997", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "place": "Cambridge, New York", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "xviii, 228 p.", "ISBN": "0-521-58017-X", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "DF135 .H33 1997", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-26T02:05:17Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-26T02:05:17Z" } }, { "key": "FG76H25T", "version": 144, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 293129, "name": "RaceReligionEthnicityAntiquity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/293129/items/FG76H25T", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity/items/FG76H25T", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2103413, "username": "mvanveld", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mvanveld", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Gruen", "parsedDate": "2013", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "FG76H25T", "version": 144, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Did Ancient Identity Depend on Ethnicity? A Preliminary Probe", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Erich", "lastName": "Gruen" } ], "abstractNote": "Gruen, surveying a sample of Greek, Roman and Biblical texts, calls into question the widely held idea that the construct of ethnicity is consistently tied to the framing of collective identity. While genealogy and descent were important, a more complex self-perception that involved a plurality of identity markers was preferred. The semantic range of words such as genus, genos, ethnos (etc.) was fluid to a degree that they cannot be taken as definitive markers of such concepts as ethnicity or race.", "publicationTitle": "Phoenix", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2013", "volume": "67", "issue": "1/2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1-22", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7834/phoenix.67.1-2.0001", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-26T02:03:56Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-26T02:03:56Z" } }, { "key": "AXGU6DHA", "version": 150, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 293129, "name": "RaceReligionEthnicityAntiquity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/293129/items/AXGU6DHA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity/items/AXGU6DHA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2103413, "username": "mvanveld", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mvanveld", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 2107474, "username": "sarahberns", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sarahberns", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Malkin", "parsedDate": "2001", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "AXGU6DHA", "version": 150, "itemType": "book", "title": "Ancient Perceptions of Greek Ethnicity", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Irad", "lastName": "Malkin" } ], "abstractNote": "A collection of thirteen essays and an introduction by Malkin, this book aims to nuance the picture of dichotomies (Greek vs. Barbarian; Self vs. Other; Center vs. Periphery) that pervades discussions of Greek identity in general and ethnicity in particular. Covering the archaic to the Roman period, the contributions approach the topic from various vantage points (history, art, literature, archaeology, epigraphy).", "series": "Center for Hellenic Studies Colloquia", "seriesNumber": "5", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2001", "publisher": "Center for Hellenic Studies, Trustees for Harvard University", "place": "Washington D.C., Cambridge", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "xiii, 418", "ISBN": "0-674-00662-3", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "DF135 .A53 2001", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-26T02:02:41Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-26T02:02:41Z" } }, { "key": "X5SHDWEH", "version": 142, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 293129, "name": "RaceReligionEthnicityAntiquity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/293129/items/X5SHDWEH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity/items/X5SHDWEH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2106484, "username": "MLPayne", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mlpayne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lieu", "parsedDate": "1995", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "X5SHDWEH", "version": 142, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Race of the God-Fearers", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Judith", "lastName": "Lieu" } ], "abstractNote": "In this wonderfully incisive article, Judith Lieu delves into the rhetoric of the God-fearers. The author argues that the usage of this terminology makes both racial and pietistic claims, articulating a distinct identity protected from claims of impiety and superstition. Through this form of differentiation, Christians are a race apart from Jews and Greeks. Lieu shows how some of this rhetoric developed in a context of opposition, tracing the connections between the textual manifestations of “race” in Jewish Maccabean and Christian martyr literatures.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Theological Studies", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1995", "volume": "46", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "483-501", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-25T18:21:57Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-25T18:21:57Z" } }, { "key": "4UQKWZQ8", "version": 141, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 293129, "name": "RaceReligionEthnicityAntiquity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/293129/items/4UQKWZQ8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity/items/4UQKWZQ8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2106484, "username": "MLPayne", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mlpayne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Donner", "parsedDate": "1998", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "4UQKWZQ8", "version": 141, "itemType": "book", "title": "Narratives of Islamic Origins: The Beginnings of Islamic Historical Writing", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Fred", "lastName": "Donner" } ], "abstractNote": "“Narratives of Islamic Origins” is an invaluable tool for navigating Arabic historiography. Fred Donner argues for the possibility of retrieving information from these sources, rather than dismissing their validity outright as some “revisionist” scholars have. Moreover, by endeavoring to understand why Muslims would begin to write their own history, this book contributes to studies of historiography and identity formation more broadly.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "1998", "publisher": "Darwin", "place": "Princeton", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "358", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-25T17:55:23Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-25T17:55:23Z" } }, { "key": "P6R3UQE8", "version": 140, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 293129, "name": "RaceReligionEthnicityAntiquity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/293129/items/P6R3UQE8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity/items/P6R3UQE8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2106484, "username": "MLPayne", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mlpayne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hoyland", "parsedDate": "2001", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "P6R3UQE8", "version": 140, "itemType": "book", "title": "Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robert", "lastName": "Hoyland" } ], "abstractNote": "Hoyland’s book is an incredibly accessible survey of Arabian history. The first half of the book covers the history of different geographic regions within Arabia, and the second half focuses on particular topics, such as religion, language, and economics. Because this work is meant for both a general and an academic audience, “Arabia and the Arabs” functions as an excellent introduction a field for which there are not many available resources.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2001", "publisher": "Routledge", "place": "London", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "336", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-25T17:51:15Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-25T17:51:15Z" } }, { "key": "EMEJVWSU", "version": 139, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 293129, "name": "RaceReligionEthnicityAntiquity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/293129/items/EMEJVWSU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity/items/EMEJVWSU", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2106484, "username": "MLPayne", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mlpayne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Retsö", "parsedDate": "2005", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "EMEJVWSU", "version": 139, "itemType": "book", "title": "The Arabs in Antiquity: Their History from the Assyrians to the Umayyads", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jan", "lastName": "Retsö" } ], "abstractNote": "Jan Retsö’s massive “The Arabs in Antiquity” uses a vast array of linguistic sources over a long span of time to determine who were the pre-Islamic Arabs, by focusing on occurrences of the word “Arab.” The revisionist conclusions reached by Retsö are controversial, but the book functions as an excellent resource for delving into disparate fields. Beyond its bibliography, the author also provides translations for many sources that might be unavailable to most Arabists.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2005", "publisher": "Routledge", "place": "London", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "704", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-25T17:48:37Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-25T17:48:37Z" } }, { "key": "KJV7569S", "version": 138, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 293129, "name": "RaceReligionEthnicityAntiquity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/293129/items/KJV7569S", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity/items/KJV7569S", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2106484, "username": "MLPayne", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mlpayne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hodge", "parsedDate": "2007", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "KJV7569S", "version": 138, "itemType": "book", "title": "If Sons, Then Heirs", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Caroline", "lastName": "Hodge" } ], "abstractNote": "In this book, Caroline Hodge shows how Paul used ethnic language to articulate a gentile identity in Christ. This contradicts the commonly held view that Christianity was constructed as a universal religion in opposition to the particularism of Judaism. For Paul, ethnicity organizes religious categories. Hodge connects baptism to adoption, ritually establishing a connection between Christ-followers and Abraham. Despite sharing descent from Abraham, Jews and gentiles are still distinct groups, with Christ’s “faithfulness” guaranteeing the place of gentiles within the lineage of Israel.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2007", "publisher": "Oxford University", "place": "Oxford", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "240", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-02-25T17:45:04Z", "dateModified": "2015-02-25T17:45:04Z" } }, { "key": "SGINMF9B", "version": 137, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 293129, "name": "RaceReligionEthnicityAntiquity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/293129/items/SGINMF9B", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity/items/SGINMF9B", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1081549, "username": "RobKash", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/robkash", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Oeming", "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "SGINMF9B", "version": 137, "itemType": "book", "title": "Judah and the Judeans in the Achaemenid Period: Negotiating Identity in an International Context", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Oded", "lastName": "Lipschits" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Gary N.", "lastName": "Knoppers" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Manfred", "lastName": "Oeming" } ], "abstractNote": "In this volume edited by leading scholars who research Judah in the Achaemenid period, one finds several essays related to the topic of ethnicity. Most notable are the essays of Christophe Nihan, “Ethnicity and Identity in Isaiah 56-66”; Katherine Southwood, “The Holy Seed: The Significance of Endogamous Boundaries and Their Transgressions in Ezra 9-10”; and, Laurie E. Pearce, “‘Judean’: A Special Status in Neo-Babylonian and Achemenid (sic) Babylonia?” But there are also a host of other essays dealing with the broader issue of “identity” and other kindred topics.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2011", "publisher": "Eisenbrauns", "place": "Winona Lake, IN", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-01-31T22:07:47Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-31T22:07:47Z" } }, { "key": "X64BSHG9", "version": 136, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 293129, "name": "RaceReligionEthnicityAntiquity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/293129/items/X64BSHG9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity/items/X64BSHG9", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1081549, "username": "RobKash", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/robkash", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hayes and Mandell", "parsedDate": "1998", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "X64BSHG9", "version": 136, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "\"Introduction\"", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John H.", "lastName": "Hayes" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sara R.", "lastName": "Mandell" } ], "abstractNote": "This selection, which is the “Introduction” to the book, is worth consulting for the unique approach it has towards the ethnic terminology the authors chose to employ. Specifically, the authors use throughout their work the term “Jew” instead of “Judean” and “Yahwism” instead of “Judaism,” so not to exclude non-Judean people who may have also venerated Yahweh.", "bookTitle": "The Jewish People in Classical Antiquity: From Alexander to Bar Kochba", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "1998", "publisher": "Westminster John Knox", "place": "Louisville", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "1-12", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-01-31T22:05:30Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-31T22:05:30Z" } }, { "key": "D87XIBIU", "version": 135, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 293129, "name": "RaceReligionEthnicityAntiquity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/293129/items/D87XIBIU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity/items/D87XIBIU", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1081549, "username": "RobKash", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/robkash", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Southwood", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "D87XIBIU", "version": 135, "itemType": "book", "title": "Ethnicity and the Mixed Marriage Crisis in Ezra 9-10: An Anthropological Approach", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Katherine E.", "lastName": "Southwood" } ], "abstractNote": "In this monograph—a revision of her doctoral dissertation—Southwood takes up the issue of Mixed Marriage Crisis in Ezra 9-10. Interacting with social and anthropological theory, Southwood finds that ethnic boundaries are at their sharpest during times that a people group experience crisis, migration, and remigration. As such, Southwood finds that events described within Ezra 9-10 occurred predominately for ethnic reasons, as they sought to create an ethnically pure people group.", "series": "Oxford Theological Monographs", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2012", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "place": "Oxford", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-01-31T22:03:50Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-31T22:03:50Z" } }, { "key": "DM7Z4GGD", "version": 134, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 293129, "name": "RaceReligionEthnicityAntiquity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/293129/items/DM7Z4GGD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity/items/DM7Z4GGD", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1081549, "username": "RobKash", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/robkash", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Blom", "parsedDate": "1998", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "DM7Z4GGD", "version": 134, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "“Ethnic and Cultural Differentiation”", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jan-Petter", "lastName": "Blom" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Frederik", "lastName": "Barth" } ], "abstractNote": "Blom’s essay discusses how ecology may or may not affect the formation of ethnic groups. Contrary to those who argue that ecology is inevitably a determinative factor, Blom shows that this is not always the case. Using a case study which compares Norweigan highland and lowland people who live in completely distinct environments—and consequently have quite unique traits—Blom argues that, actually, “ethnic homogeneity is maintained throughout the area in spite of the apparent diversity in behavioural styles and forms of social organization” (74). Thus, the emergence of an ethnicity and ethnic groups must account for factors other than just ecology.", "bookTitle": "Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organization of Culture Difference", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "1998", "publisher": "Waveland", "place": "Long Grove", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "74-85", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-01-31T22:02:38Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-31T22:02:38Z" } }, { "key": "7II9REDM", "version": 133, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 293129, "name": "RaceReligionEthnicityAntiquity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/293129/items/7II9REDM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity/items/7II9REDM", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1081549, "username": "RobKash", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/robkash", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Barth", "parsedDate": "1998", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "7II9REDM", "version": 133, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "\"Introduction\"", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Frederik", "lastName": "Barth" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Frederik", "lastName": "Barth" } ], "abstractNote": "Barth’s Ethnic Groups and Boundaries is a classic and seminal work on ethnicity, which all concerned with the topic must engage. In this selection, from the “Introduction,” Barth begins by showing how previous understandings of how “ethnicity” developed have serious shortcomings. He highlights the problems and challenges one encounters when identifying ethnic development. In short, Barth argues against viewing ethnicity as a result of people groups living in isolation of other people groups. In fact, Barth contends quite the opposite. Interaction with other people groups forcibly highlights difference, and such features ultimately become “boundaries” characterizing a specific ethnic group. In short, “[...] categorical ethnic distinctions do not depend on an absence of mobility, contact and information, but do entail social processes of exclusion and incorporation whereby discrete categories are maintained despite changing participation and membership in the course of individual life histories” (9).", "bookTitle": "Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organization of Culture Difference", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "1998", "publisher": "Waveland", "place": "Long Grove", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "9-38", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-01-31T22:00:57Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-31T22:00:57Z" } }, { "key": "ZUWAB5AC", "version": 132, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 293129, "name": "RaceReligionEthnicityAntiquity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/293129/items/ZUWAB5AC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity/items/ZUWAB5AC", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1081549, "username": "RobKash", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/robkash", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Aaron", "parsedDate": "1995", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ZUWAB5AC", "version": 132, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "\"Early Rabbinic Exegesis on Noah’s Son Ham and the So-Called 'Hamitic Myth'\"", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David H.", "lastName": "Aaron" } ], "abstractNote": "In this rather tendentious piece, Aaron attempts to overturn scholarly assessments on the “myth of Ham”—that those who have black skin are “cursed” and are to be slaves to non-blacks—that allege the myth finds its origins in rabbinic literature. After a brief section summarizing the contents of the myth and interacting with a few scholars who have argued for such a myth (722-9), Aaron reconsiders afresh the biblical (729-35) and rabbinic evidence (735-49). Ultimately, he concludes that scholars have incorrectly interpreted the rabbinic texts in question, thus Jews are not in any way responsible for slavery and the slave trade (749-54). Interested parties might also consult a response article by McKenzie—Scott L. McKenzie, “Response: The Curse of Ham and David H Aaron,” JAAR 65.1 (1997): 183-86—who incisively points out some of the false inferences and questionable conclusions Aaron has drawn.", "publicationTitle": "JAAR", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1995", "volume": "63", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "721-59", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-01-31T21:58:09Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-31T21:58:46Z" } }, { "key": "48HC5URT", "version": 129, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 293129, "name": "RaceReligionEthnicityAntiquity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/293129/items/48HC5URT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity/items/48HC5URT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1081549, "username": "RobKash", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/robkash", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Sparks", "parsedDate": "1998", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "48HC5URT", "version": 129, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "Introduction and Chapter 1", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kenton L.", "lastName": "Sparks" } ], "abstractNote": "This selection from Spark’s book consists of the “Introduction” and the subsequent chapter (1) on “Ethnicity and Identity in Ancient Israel’s Context” (1-22 and 23-93, respectively). In the introduction, Sparks helpfully summarizes some of the key theoretical works dealing with ethnicity. Further, he rightly notes that definitions of ethnicity often times do not fit the findings of ethnography, and so one must approach the question of ethnicity and the Israelites inductively rather than deductively. Our selection concludes with a chapter providing how Israel’s neighbors—namely, Assyria, Greece, and Egypt—conceived of ethnicity, in an effort to frame the discussion in light of broadband Mesopotamian thinking.", "bookTitle": "Ethnicity and Identity in Ancient Israel", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "1998", "publisher": "Eisenbrauns", "place": "Winona Lake, IN", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "3-93", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-01-31T21:56:24Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-31T21:56:46Z" } }, { "key": "KXP5ACDZ", "version": 127, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 293129, "name": "RaceReligionEthnicityAntiquity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/293129/items/KXP5ACDZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity/items/KXP5ACDZ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1081549, "username": "RobKash", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/robkash", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Finkelstein and Silberman", "parsedDate": "2001", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "KXP5ACDZ", "version": 127, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "“Who Were the Israelites?”", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Israel", "lastName": "Finkelstein" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Neil Asher", "lastName": "Silberman" } ], "abstractNote": "In this chapter of The Bible Unearthed, the authors take up the question of the origin of Israel and the Israelites, a fruitful conversation for considering how and why an “ethnic” group emerges. The chapter begins by discussing the narrative history of The Bible (i.e., the loosely sequential narrative from Genesis through Kings) and how historians now doubt the historicity of this narrative, since it does not match up with archaeology (97-101). With the biblical explanation for the origins of Israel called into question, historians over the past fifty years have investigated afresh how and when Israel and the Israelites emerged. Finkelstein and Silberman survey a few of the models, including the “peaceful-infiltration” model and the “peasant-rebel” model (101-5), both of which are found wanting since these models do not consider archeological data (105). \n\nFinkelstein and Silberman then offer their own view of Israelite origins with primary consideration being given to archaeology and not the Bible. For Finkelstein and Silberman, archaeology reveals that “[t]here was no sign of violent invasion or even infiltration of a clearly defined ethnic group. Instead, [the cause for the emergence of this new people group] seemed to be a revolution in lifestyle” (107). This revolutionary lifestyle occurred in a distinct geographic region, namely, a “dense network of highland villages—apparently all established within the span of a few generations . . .” (107). After investigating highland life versus lowland life (107-10), Finkelstein eventually conclude that “the early Israelites were—irony of ironies—themselves originally Canaanites.” As for “ethnic” markers which set this people group apart from other people groups, Finkelstein and Silberman argue that archaeology reveals that those who lived in the highlands did not eat pigs, since archaeologist did not find any pig bones in the highlands (119). This dietary choice would thus eventually become a distinctive feature of their identity (119).", "bookTitle": "The Bible Unearthed: Archaeology’s New Vision of Ancient Israel and the Origin of Its Sacred Texts", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2001", "publisher": "Touchstone", "place": "New York", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "97-122", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-01-31T21:54:37Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-31T21:54:37Z" } }, { "key": "F5K22A2Z", "version": 126, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 293129, "name": "RaceReligionEthnicityAntiquity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/293129/items/F5K22A2Z", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity/items/F5K22A2Z", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1081549, "username": "RobKash", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/robkash", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Baker", "parsedDate": "2009", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "F5K22A2Z", "version": 126, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "“‘From Every Nation Under Heaven’: Jewish Ethnicities in the Greco-Roman World”", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Cynthia", "lastName": "Baker" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "L.", "lastName": "Nasrallah" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "E. S.", "lastName": "Fiorenza" } ], "abstractNote": "Baker explores “Jewish ethnic multiplicity” and through analysis of Philo’s Flaccum 46 and Acts 2, she argues that Judeans could be part of multiple ethnicities. For example, a Judean may be a Judean and an Egyptian. In light of this analysis, she exhorts the academic community to think no longer in terms of Jewish “particularity” vis-à-vis Christian “universalism, since there are, as she argues, universal elements to Jewishness.", "bookTitle": "Prejudice and Christian Beginnings", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2009", "publisher": "Fortress", "place": "Minneapolis", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "79-99", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-01-31T21:53:07Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-31T21:53:07Z" } }, { "key": "USVVMVU9", "version": 125, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 293129, "name": "RaceReligionEthnicityAntiquity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/293129/items/USVVMVU9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity/items/USVVMVU9", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1081549, "username": "RobKash", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/robkash", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Mason", "parsedDate": "2007", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "USVVMVU9", "version": 125, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "“Jews, Judeans, Judaizing, Judaism: Problems of Categorization in Ancient History”", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Steve", "lastName": "Mason" } ], "abstractNote": "This article, divided into three parts, discusses terminological and categorical issues in the study of ancient Judaism. In part one, Mason argues by lexical analysis that the term Ἰουδαϊσμός means the act of one converting from one people’s practices to another, and in another sense (as used in other places), the act of attempting to convert one to Judean practices, what Mason calls “Judaizing.” The term Ἰουδαϊσμός does not come to mean what we moderns think of as “Judaism,” as a system of beliefs, etc., until the third century CE, where it becomes used widely in this sense the Christians in referring to the religion of the Jews. In part two, Mason argues that there was no ancient conception of the term “religion,” and that what we moderns think of as religion is found in ancient cultures within philosophy, familial traditions, voluntary associations, astrology and magic, ethnography, in addition to ritual and the cult. In part three, Mason considers the term Jew versus Judean and argues that the Greek term Ἰουδαῖοι should be translated Judean, as evidenced by its common use in contexts discussing people groups in a seemingly ethnic way.", "publicationTitle": "Journal for the Study of Judaism", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2007", "volume": "38", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "457-512", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-01-31T21:50:00Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-31T21:50:00Z" } }, { "key": "3IKG3MH8", "version": 150, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 293129, "name": "RaceReligionEthnicityAntiquity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/293129/items/3IKG3MH8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity/items/3IKG3MH8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2106484, "username": "MLPayne", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mlpayne", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 2107474, "username": "sarahberns", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sarahberns", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Buell", "parsedDate": "2005", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "3IKG3MH8", "version": 150, "itemType": "book", "title": "Why This New Race: Ethnic Reasoning in Early Christianity", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Denise", "lastName": "Buell" } ], "abstractNote": "In this book, Buell examines racial discourse in early Christian writings. This work functions as an important corrective to modern understandings of early Christianity as a universalist religion, especially in contrast to Judaism as an ethnic religion. Buell convincingly argues that early Christian authors used ethnic reasoning to define their group.", "series": "Gender, Theory, and Religion", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2005", "publisher": "Columbia University Press", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "280", "ISBN": "0-231-13334-0", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-01-25T23:24:57Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-25T23:24:57Z" } }, { "key": "NRN5BJ2Q", "version": 122, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 293129, "name": "RaceReligionEthnicityAntiquity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/293129/items/NRN5BJ2Q", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity/items/NRN5BJ2Q", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/293129/items/MU9ZMJ86", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2107474, "username": "sarahberns", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sarahberns", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "NRN5BJ2Q", "version": 122, "parentItem": "MU9ZMJ86", "itemType": "note", "note": "

Kaminsky's volume tackles the question of \"election\" or \"chosenness\": the idea that Yahweh has special relationships with some groups and individuals in the Hebrew Bible. Section 1, chapters 1-4, deals with the patriarchal narratives and their stories of brotherly rivalry and inversion of roles. Section 2 deals with chosenness on a corporate or communal level: chapter 5 introduces the concept of Israelite election and links it to the idea of covenant, while chapter 6 explores the different iterations of election in Leviticus and Deuteronomy. Chapters 7 and 8 articulate Kaminsky's main innovation, the idea that non-Israelite groups  are either classed as \"non-elect,\" lacking a unique relationship to Yahweh but not denigrated or ill-fated, or \"anti-elect,\" characterized as evil/demonic and fated for destruction. The remaining chapters, 9-11, discuss the appropriation and creative reuse of election theology in prophecy, wisdom literature, and New Testament and Rabbinic writings.

\n

Kaminsky's elect/non-elect/anti-elect typology and his analysis of the shifting role of the \"foreigner\" between pre-D and D texts are both very relevant for thinking about Israelite ideas of communal identity and views of \"others\"

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-01-20T13:29:52Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-20T13:40:08Z" } }, { "key": "MU9ZMJ86", "version": 150, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 293129, "name": "RaceReligionEthnicityAntiquity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/293129/items/MU9ZMJ86", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity/items/MU9ZMJ86", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2107474, "username": "sarahberns", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sarahberns", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kaminsky", "parsedDate": "2007", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "MU9ZMJ86", "version": 150, "itemType": "book", "title": "Yet I Loved Jacob: Reclaiming the Biblical Concept of Election", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Joel S", "lastName": "Kaminsky" } ], "abstractNote": "That the People of Israel are especially chosen by God is an idea affirmed by both early Christians and the ancient rabbis. However, the notion that God would favor one person or group over another tends to be viewed as highly problematic in today's democratic and pluralistic society. Thus, the Bible's affirmation of Israel's divine election is often ignored or even repudiated by contemporary Christians and Jews. In his new book, Joel S. Kaminsky provides a clear and nuanced understanding of what the Bible really says about God's choosing. Beginning with the stories of family rivalry in Genesis (Cain and Abel; Isaac and Ishmael; Jacob and Esau; Joseph and his brothers), Kaminsky shows how God chooses, how humans participate, and what we know from the Bible about God's intentions. The book maps out the Hebrew Bible's theology of election by asking about the fates of those whom God chooses to favor, those whom God rejects, and those who are neither favored nor rejected. A close reading of the biblical text uncovers that the idea of election is at the heart of the Hebrew Bible and reveals profound insights about God, Israel, and God's larger plan for the world. Kaminsky goes on to show how both the New Testament authors and the classical rabbis adopted the Hebrew Bible's view of divine election in unique but related ways. Understanding how Jews and Christians define themselves as God's special people in turn opens up new avenues of Jewish-Christian dialogue.\n\n(http://sophia.smith.edu/~jkaminsk/)", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2007", "publisher": "Abingdon", "place": "Nashville", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Ethnicity" }, { "tag": "Israel" }, { "tag": "Israelites" }, { "tag": "Jew" }, { "tag": "Jewish" }, { "tag": "Judaism" }, { "tag": "Judean" }, { "tag": "Religion" }, { "tag": "chosennees" }, { "tag": "election" }, { "tag": "nation" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-01-20T13:26:36Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-20T13:29:03Z" } }, { "key": "W8K8XSJR", "version": 106, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 293129, "name": "RaceReligionEthnicityAntiquity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/293129/items/W8K8XSJR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/racereligionethnicityantiquity/items/W8K8XSJR", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/293129/items/7XHK3H4G", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2107474, "username": "sarahberns", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sarahberns", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "W8K8XSJR", "version": 106, "parentItem": "7XHK3H4G", "itemType": "note", "note": "

Kutler examines the terms iš (man) and am (people) in contrast to the terms adam (man) and goy (nation) in Biblical Hebrew and (reconstructed) Northwest Semitic. He is not directly concerned with the nature of ancient Israel, but rather with the terms used to describe it and its constituent parts. He argues that both iš and am have an essentially martial component and denote consanguinity, finding evidence for iš as soldier in Moabite and Amarna Akkadian. Largely, however, the terms are not directly comparable to Semitic cognates. Adam and goy, Kutler argues, have a more political connotation: a goy  is a nation possessing territory and ruled by a king (melek), an adam is subject to that king. He further argues that the linguistic development of both iš and adam was toward specificity: from the general term \"man\" they diverged form each other and Semitic cognates to become \"soldier\" and \"commoner\"

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-01-16T16:53:50Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-16T17:05:12Z" } } ]