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            "title": "Size Acceptance and Intuitive Eating Improve Health for Obese, Female Chronic Dieters",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Linda",
                    "lastName": "Bacon"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Judith S.",
                    "lastName": "Stern"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Marta D.",
                    "lastName": "Van Loan"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Nancy L.",
                    "lastName": "Keim"
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            "abstractNote": "Objective\nExamine a model that encourages health at every size as opposed to weight loss. The health at every size concept supports homeostatic regulation and eating intuitively (ie, in response to internal cues of hunger, satiety, and appetite).Design\nSix-month, randomized clinical trial; 2-year follow-up.Subjects\nWhite, obese, female chronic dieters, aged 30 to 45 years (N=78).Setting\nFree-living, general community.Interventions\nSix months of weekly group intervention (health at every size program or diet program), followed by 6 months of monthly aftercare group support.Main outcome measures\nAnthropometry (weight, body mass index), metabolic fitness (blood pressure, blood lipids), energy expenditure, eating behavior (restraint, eating disorder pathology), and psychology (self-esteem, depression, body image). Attrition, attendance, and participant evaluations of treatment helpfulness were also monitored.Statistical analysis performed\nAnalysis of variance.Results\nCognitive restraint decreased in the health at every size group and increased in the diet group, indicating that both groups implemented their programs. Attrition (6 months) was high in the diet group (41%), compared with 8% in the health at every size group. Fifty percent of both groups returned for 2-year evaluation. Health at every size group members maintained weight, improved in all outcome variables, and sustained improvements. Diet group participants lost weight and showed initial improvement in many variables at 1 year; weight was regained and little improvement was sustained.Conclusions\nThe health at every size approach enabled participants to maintain long-term behavior change; the diet approach did not. Encouraging size acceptance, reduction in dieting behavior, and heightened awareness and response to body signals resulted in improved health risk indicators for obese women.",
            "publicationTitle": "Journal of the American Dietetic Association",
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            "title": "Weighing both sides: morality, mortality, and framing contests over obesity",
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            "abstractNote": "Despite recent and growing media attention surrounding obesity in the United States, the so-called obesity epidemic remains a highly contested scientific and social fact. This article examines the contemporary obesity debate through systematic examination of the claims and claimants involved in the controversy. We argue that four primary groups-antiobesity researchers, antiobesity activists, fat acceptance researchers, and fat acceptance activists-are at the forefront of this controversy and that these groups are fundamentally engaged in framing contests over the nature and consequences of excess body weight. While members of the fat acceptance groups embrace a body diversity frame, presenting fatness as a natural and largely inevitable form of diversity, members of the antiobesity camp frame higher weights as risky behavior akin to smoking, implying that body weight is under personal control and that people have a moral and medical responsibility to manage their weight. Both groups sometimes frame obesity as an illness, which limits blame by suggesting that weight is biologically or genetically determined but simultaneously stigmatizes fat bodies as diseased. While the antiobesity camp frames obesity as an epidemic to increase public attention, fat acceptance activists argue that concern over obesity is distracting attention from a host of more important health issues for fat Americans. We examine the strategies claimants use to establish their own credibility or discredit their opponents, and explain how the fat acceptance movement has exploited structural opportunities and cultural resources created by AIDS activism and feminism to wield some influence over U.S. public health approaches. We conclude that notions of morality play a central role in the controversy over obesity, as in many medical disputes, and illustrate how medical arguments about body weight can be used to stymie rights claims and justify morality-based fears. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]; (AN 18773377)\nSubjects: OBESITY; EPIDEMICS; SOCIAL movements; PUBLIC health; ETHICS; UNITED States; Health and Welfare Funds",
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            "abstractNote": "Eve Sedgwick suggests that it is possible to “speak” your fatness, to “come out” as fat and renegotiate the “representational contract between one's body and one's world.”(1994: 230). Sedgwick's words have resonated particularly loudly with the Fat Acceptance movement, which has been embraced with feverish glee by fat women in the United States and the United Kingdom.\n\nI was immediately attracted to the politics of this new fat pride movement, who seemed to take up this idea of intervening in the 'contract' one's fatness had with the world, insisting on being seen in new ways. So, I go out into the world armed with the Fat Manifesto (Waun: 1998), wearing a sleeveless top, my dimpled arms on display. I feel strong, powerful, swollen with my fat identity, snarling at others who cast withering glances at my bulky frame.\n\nAnd then, I pass a shop window.\n\nI shudder as I catch a reflection of myself, my body appearing to me as grotesque and foreign, a bulging, jiggling vehicle of disgust and shame I want nothing to do with. I experience myself/my body in ways that shift and vary and contradict each other.\n\nNIkki Sullivan points out the problems with the act of 'coming out' as part of a project to overturn public 'knowingness' about homosexuality.     “The call to come out presupposes that such an action is in itself transformative and that the identity that one publicly declares is unambiguous.” (Sulilvan: 31) \n\n\n\nIn this paper, I take up Sullivan's point about the problematic act of 'coming out' as a fat woman. I critique the problematic model of subjectivity the Fat Acceptance Movement is founded on, given the ways in which I live my fat body are always multiple, contradictory and eminently ambiguous.\n\nThis paper looks at the rise of the Fat Pride movement in the United States, and the model of subjectivity it proposes as a means of overcoming oppression of the fat woman. I critique the humanist principles on which this model of subjectivity is founded, and, moreover, the difficulties with liberationist politics.",
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            "extra": "Contents  \t Pt. 1. Fat science: Fat on trial -- The world turned upside down. -- Pt. 2. Fat culture: Fear and loathing in Los Angeles -- Lost in the supermarket -- The  king's two bodies -- The bimbo culture -- Weight problems -- All the news that's print to fit -- The endless debut -- Chronic restrained living -- The athlete within -- Why do Americans diet? -- The last 10 pounds -- Life during wartime. -- Pt. 3. Fat politics: The feeding of the  president -- Feminist accused of unsightly weight gain -- Anorexia nervosa and the spirit of capitalism -- The last American diet",
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