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            "abstractNote": "Modern aquaculture recirculation systems (RASs) are a necessary tool to provide sustainable and continuous aquaculture production with low environmental impact. But, productivity and efficiency of such RAS still have to be optimized to ensure economic viability, putting growth performance into the focus. Growth is often reported as absolute (gain per day), relative (percentage increase in size) or specific growth rate (percentage increase in size per day), based on stocking and harvesting data. These functions describe growth very simplified and are inaccurate because intermediate growth data are not considered. In contrast, nonlinear growth models attempt to provide information of growth across different life stages. On the basis of an empirical RAS data set of 150 all-female turbot reared in an RAS during a period of 340 days of outgrowth, this paper reviews the most commonly used growth rates (relative, absolute, specific), the thermal-unit growth coefficient and five nonlinear growth functions (logistic, Gompertz, von Bertalanffy, Kanis and Schnute). Goodness of fit is expressed by R2 and as mean percentage deviation. Nonlinear growth models are also compared by their residual standard error (RSE) and the Akaike information criterion. All processed functions are modelled to illustrate the shape of the generated curve and the possibility of the function to realistically predict growth. Further, the biological meaning of their regression parameters is discussed. This way we can point out differences in nonlinear growth models in contrast to purely descriptive growth rates and the specific advantages, disadvantages and possible applications of each function we review.",
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Phillip C.",
                    "lastName": "Watts"
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Silva",
                    "lastName": "Uusi-Heikkilä"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "",
            "publicationTitle": "Fishes",
            "publisher": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2023",
            "volume": "8",
            "issue": "10",
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            "pages": "510",
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            "libraryCatalog": "Google Scholar",
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            "dateAdded": "2023-10-17T16:13:48Z",
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    },
    {
        "key": "V6Q6QS3K",
        "version": 346,
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            "creatorSummary": "Beukhof et al.",
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            "version": 346,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Marine fish traits follow fast-slow continuum across oceans",
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Esther",
                    "lastName": "Beukhof"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Romain",
                    "lastName": "Frelat"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Laurene",
                    "lastName": "Pecuchet"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Aurore",
                    "lastName": "Maureaud"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Tim Spaanheden",
                    "lastName": "Dencker"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Jón",
                    "lastName": "Sólmundsson"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Antonio",
                    "lastName": "Punzón"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Raul",
                    "lastName": "Primicerio"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Manuel",
                    "lastName": "Hidalgo"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Christian",
                    "lastName": "Möllmann"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Martin",
                    "lastName": "Lindegren"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "A fundamental challenge in ecology is to understand why species are found where they are and predict where they are likely to occur in the future. Trait-based approaches may provide such understanding, because it is the traits and adaptations of species that determine which environments they can inhabit. It is therefore important to identify key traits that determine species distributions and investigate how these traits relate to the environment. Based on scientific bottom-trawl surveys of marine fish abundances and traits of >1,200 species, we investigate trait-environment relationships and project the trait composition of marine fish communities across the continental shelf seas of the Northern hemisphere. We show that traits related to growth, maturation and lifespan respond most strongly to the environment. This is reflected by a pronounced “fast-slow continuum” of fish life-histories, revealing that traits vary with temperature at large spatial scales, but also with depth and seasonality at more local scales. Our findings provide insight into the structure of marine fish communities and suggest that global warming will favour an expansion of fast-living species. Knowledge of the global and local drivers of trait distributions can thus be used to predict future responses of fish communities to environmental change.",
            "publicationTitle": "Scientific Reports",
            "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group",
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            "date": "2019-11-29",
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            "language": "en",
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            "rights": "2019 The Author(s)",
            "extra": "Number: 1",
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                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Biogeography",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Fisheries",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Macroecology",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Marine biology",
                    "type": 1
                }
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    {
        "key": "6JHIRQ6W",
        "version": 332,
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            "creatorSummary": "Thorson et al.",
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            "version": 332,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Identifying direct and indirect associations among traits by merging phylogenetic comparative methods and structural equation models",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "James T.",
                    "lastName": "Thorson"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Aurore A.",
                    "lastName": "Maureaud"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Romain",
                    "lastName": "Frelat"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Bastien",
                    "lastName": "Mérigot"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Jennifer S.",
                    "lastName": "Bigman"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Sarah T.",
                    "lastName": "Friedman"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Maria Lourdes D.",
                    "lastName": "Palomares"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Malin L.",
                    "lastName": "Pinsky"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Samantha A.",
                    "lastName": "Price"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Peter",
                    "lastName": "Wainwright"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "Traits underlie organismal responses to their environment and are essential to predict community responses to environmental conditions under global change. Species differ in life-history traits, morphometrics, diet type, reproductive characteristics and habitat utilization. Trait associations are widely analysed using phylogenetic comparative methods (PCM) to account for correlations among related species. Similarly, traits are measured for some but not all species, and missing continuous traits (e.g. growth rate) can be imputed using ‘phylogenetic trait imputation’ (PTI), based on evolutionary relatedness and trait covariance. However, PTI has not been available for categorical traits, and estimating covariance among traits without ecological constraints risks inferring implausible evolutionary mechanisms. Here, we extend previous PCM and PTI methods by (1) specifying covariance among traits as a structural equation model (SEM), and (2) incorporating associations among both continuous and categorical traits. Fitting a SEM replaces the covariance among traits with a set of linear path coefficients specifying potential evolutionary mechanisms. Estimated parameters then represent regression slopes (i.e. the average change in trait Y given an exogenous change in trait X) that can be used to calculate both direct effects (X impacts Y) and indirect effects (X impacts Z and Z impacts Y). We demonstrate phylogenetic structural-equation mixed-trait imputation using 33 variables representing life history, reproductive, morphological, and behavioural traits for all >32,000 described fishes worldwide. SEM coefficients suggest that one degree Celsius increase in habitat is associated with an average 3.5% increase in natural mortality (including a 1.4% indirect impact that acts via temperature effects on the growth coefficient), and an average 3.0% decrease in fecundity (via indirect impacts on maximum age and length). Cross-validation indicates that the model explains 54%–89% of variance for withheld measurements of continuous traits and has an area under the receiver-operator-characteristics curve of 0.86–0.99 for categorical traits. We use imputed traits to classify all fishes into life-history types, and confirm a phylogenetic signal in three dominant life-history strategies in fishes. PTI using phylogenetic SEMs ensures that estimated parameters are interpretable as regression slopes, such that the inferred evolutionary relationships can be compared with long-term evolutionary and rearing experiments.",
            "publicationTitle": "Methods in Ecology and Evolution",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2023",
            "volume": "14",
            "issue": "5",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "1259-1275",
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            "journalAbbreviation": "",
            "DOI": "10.1111/2041-210X.14076",
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            "PMCID": "",
            "ISSN": "2041-210X",
            "archive": "",
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            "shortTitle": "",
            "language": "en",
            "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library",
            "callNumber": "",
            "rights": "© 2023 The Authors. Methods in Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Ecological Society. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.",
            "extra": "_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/2041-210X.14076",
            "tags": [
                {
                    "tag": "evolutionary mechanisms",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "life history strategies",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "phylogenetic comparative methods",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "phylogenetic trait imputation",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "population and community ecology",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "structural equation model",
                    "type": 1
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                    "type": 1
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            "title": "Reproductive resilience or sweepstakes recruitment? Assessing drivers of lifetime reproductive success in exploited marine fish",
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Michael D.",
                    "lastName": "Tringali"
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                    "firstName": "Susan K.",
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            ],
            "abstractNote": "Understanding the processes that drive reproductive success in marine fish stocks is critical to effective fisheries management. These processes can be difficult to investigate, especially in age-structured populations, because they occur at transgenerational scales. Reproductive success is often attributed to a small portion of the adult population (<0.01%) and thought to be driven primarily by random external factors, consistent with the concept of sweepstake reproductive success (SRS). A competing concept, the reproductive resilience paradigm, posits that fishes have evolved complex spawner-recruit systems to achieve lifetime reproductive success and maintain population stability within highly variable environments. Here, we examine these two concepts. First, we analyse the popular sport fish red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus, Sciaenidae), drawing on genetic and reproductive data to estimate a plausible range for the ratio of effective population size (Ne\\ N_e \\) to adult abundance (NA\\ N_A \\) and to infer variance in lifetime reproductive success (Vk*\\ V_k^\\ast \\). Then, we synthesize available data and infer Vk*\\ V_k^\\ast \\ for two other fishes that have Ne/NA\\ N_e/N_A \\ ratios reportedly >0.10, the southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii, Scombridae) and the silver seabream (Chrysophrys auratus, Sparidae). Although commonly regarded as an SRS species, red drum did not meet the SRS criterion. Overdispersed Vk*\\ V_k^\\ast \\ values were inferred for all three species, with those for red drum and silver seabream being dependent upon population-closure assumptions. Results are presented within the conceptual framework of reproductive resilience, considering the roles of random extrinsic forces versus evolved traits to achieve lifetime reproductive success and population stability in high and variable mortality environments.",
            "publicationTitle": "Fish and Fisheries",
            "publisher": "",
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            "date": "",
            "volume": "n/a",
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            "DOI": "10.1111/faf.12784",
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            "shortTitle": "Reproductive resilience or sweepstakes recruitment?",
            "language": "en",
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            "rights": "© 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.",
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                    "tag": "effective population size",
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                {
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                    "tag": "reproductive success variance",
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        "version": 329,
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            "creatorSummary": "Friedman et al.",
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            "version": 329,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Divergent processes drive parallel evolution in marine and freshwater fishes",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "S T",
                    "lastName": "Friedman"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "M L",
                    "lastName": "Collyer"
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                    "firstName": "S A",
                    "lastName": "Price"
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                    "firstName": "P C",
                    "lastName": "Wainwright"
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            ],
            "abstractNote": "Evolutionary comparisons between major environmental divides, such as between marine and freshwater systems, can reveal the fundamental processes governing diversification dynamics. Although processes may differ due to the different scales of their biogeographic barriers, freshwater and marine environments nevertheless offer similar opportunities for diversification in benthic, demersal, and pelagic habitats. Here, we compare the evolutionary patterns and processes shaping teleost diversity both in each of these three habitats and between marine and freshwater systems. Using specimens from the National Museum of Natural History, we developed a dataset of linear measurements capturing body shape in 2,266 freshwater and 3,344 marine teleost species. With a novel comparative approach, we contrast the primary axis of morphological diversification in each habitat with the major axis defined by phylogenetic signal. By comparing angles between these axes, we find that fish in corresponding habitats have more similar primary axes of morphological diversity than would be expected by chance, but that different historical processes underlie these parallel patterns in freshwater and marine environments. Marine diversification is more strongly aligned with phylogenetic signal and shows a trend toward lineages occupying separate regions of morphospace. In contrast, ecological signal appears to be a strong driver of diversification in freshwater lineages through repeated morphological evolution in densely packed regions of morphospace. In spite of these divergent histories, our findings reveal that habitat has driven convergent patterns of evolutionary diversification on a global scale.",
            "publicationTitle": "Systematic Biology",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "October 4, 2021",
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            "libraryCatalog": "Silverchair",
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    },
    {
        "key": "KGEVUMA8",
        "version": 345,
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            "creatorSummary": "Marshall et al.",
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        "data": {
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            "version": 345,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Reproductive hyperallometry and managing the world’s fisheries",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Dustin J.",
                    "lastName": "Marshall"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Michael",
                    "lastName": "Bode"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Marc",
                    "lastName": "Mangel"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Robert",
                    "lastName": "Arlinghaus"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "E. J.",
                    "lastName": "Dick"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "Marine fisheries are an essential component of global food security, but many are close to their limits and some are overfished. The models that guide the management of these fisheries almost always assume reproduction is proportional to mass (isometry), when fecundity generally increases disproportionately to mass (hyperallometry). Judged against several management reference points, we show that assuming isometry overestimates the replenishment potential of exploited fish stocks by 22% (range: 2% to 78%) for 32 of the world’s largest fisheries, risking systematic overharvesting. We calculate that target catches based on assumptions of isometry are more than double those based on assumptions of hyperallometry for most species, such that common reference points are set twice as high as they should be to maintain the target level of replenishment. We also show that hyperallometric reproduction provides opportunities for increasing the efficacy of tools that are underused in standard fisheries management, such as protected areas or harvest slot limits. Adopting management strategies that conserve large, hyperfecund fish may, in some instances, result in higher yields relative to traditional approaches. We recommend that future assessment of reference points and quotas include reproductive hyperallometry unless there is clear evidence that it does not occur in that species.",
            "publicationTitle": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences",
            "publisher": "National Academy of Sciences",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2021/08/24",
            "volume": "118",
            "issue": "34",
            "section": "Biological Sciences",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
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                    "firstName": "Romain",
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            "abstractNote": "Fishing is a strong selective force and is supposed to select for earlier maturation at smaller body size. However, the extent to which fishing-induced evolution is shaping ecosystems remains debated. This is in part because it is challenging to disentangle fishing from other selective forces (e.g., size-structured predation and cannibalism) in complex ecosystems undergoing rapid change. Changes in maturation size from fishing and predation have previously been explored with multi-species physiologically structured models but assumed separation of ecological and evolutionary timescales. To assess the eco-evolutionary impact of fishing and predation at the same timescale, we developed a stochastic physiologically size-structured food-web model, where new phenotypes are introduced randomly through time enabling dynamic simulation of species' relative maturation sizes under different types of selection pressures. Using the model, we carried out a fully factorial in silico experiment to assess how maturation size would change in the absence and presence of both fishing and predation (including cannibalism). We carried out ten replicate stochastic simulations exposed to all combinations of fishing and predation in a model community of nine interacting fish species ranging in their maximum sizes from 10 g to 100 kg. We visualized and statistically analyzed the results using linear models. The effects of fishing on maturation size depended on whether or not predation was enabled and differed substantially across species. Fishing consistently reduced the maturation sizes of two largest species whether or not predation was enabled and this decrease was seen even at low fishing intensities (F = 0.2 per year). In contrast, the maturation sizes of the three smallest species evolved to become smaller through time but this happened regardless of the levels of predation or fishing. For the four medium-size species, the effect of fishing was highly variable with more species showing significant and larger fishing effects in the presence of predation. Ultimately our results suggest that the interactive effects of predation and fishing can have marked effects on species' maturation sizes, but that, at least for the largest species, predation does not counterbalance the evolutionary effect of fishing. Our model also produced relative maturation sizes that are broadly consistent with empirical estimates for many fish species.",
            "publicationTitle": "Ecology and Evolution",
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            "rights": "© 2020 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd",
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            "creatorSummary": "Roze et al.",
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Thomas",
                    "lastName": "Roze"
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Felix",
                    "lastName": "Christen"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Aline",
                    "lastName": "Amerand"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Guy",
                    "lastName": "Claireaux"
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            ],
            "abstractNote": "One outcome of contemporary climate trends is that the involvement of hypoxia and heat tolerance in determining individual fitness will increase in many fish populations. Large fish are believed to be more tolerant to hypoxia than small fish (Nilsson and Östlund-Nilsson, 2008) whereas thermal sensitivity is thought to decrease with body size (Clark et al., 2008). To better understand the bases of inter-individual variation in environmental adaptation performance, the current study examined hypoxia and heat tolerance in a fast growing (FGS; 288.3 ±14.4 g, 26.04±0.49 cm) and a slow growing (SGS; 119.95±6.41 g; 20.98±0.41 cm) strain of 1-year old rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). This examination was conducted using two standardized challenge tests aimed at assessing individual incipient lethal oxygen saturation and incipient upper lethal temperature. Results to these tests were then cross-correlated with swim tests during which individual basal and active metabolic rate values were also measured. Measurements of permeabilized ventricular myofibers oxygen consumption were also conducted, as well as various organ-to-body-mass ratios. Experimental data showed that FGS was more hypoxia tolerant than SGS (13.4 to 16.7% air sat versus 14.7 to 18.9% air sat respectively). On the other hand, FGS was found less tolerant to heat than SGS (24.7–27.6 °C versus 28.5 to 29.7 °C respectively). Adding to the body size effect, another source of inter-individual variation in environmental tolerance was found. Residual analysis highlighted that whereas none of the individual morphometric and energetic traits correlated with hypoxia tolerance, permeabilized ventricular myofibers maximal oxygen consumption correlated well with individual tolerance to heat.",
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            "date": "February 2013",
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            "title": "Models projecting the fate of fish populations under climate change need to be based on valid physiological mechanisms",
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Sjannie",
                    "lastName": "Lefevre"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "David J.",
                    "lastName": "McKenzie"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Göran E.",
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            "abstractNote": "Some recent modelling papers projecting smaller fish sizes and catches in a warmer future are based on erroneous assumptions regarding (i) the scaling of gills with body mass and (ii) the energetic cost of ‘maintenance’. Assumption (i) posits that insurmountable geometric constraints prevent respiratory surface areas from growing as fast as body volume. It is argued that these constraints explain allometric scaling of energy metabolism, whereby larger fishes have relatively lower mass-specific metabolic rates. Assumption (ii) concludes that when fishes reach a certain size, basal oxygen demands will not be met, because of assumption (i). We here demonstrate unequivocally, by applying accepted physiological principles with reference to the existing literature, that these assumptions are not valid. Gills are folded surfaces, where the scaling of surface area to volume is not constrained by spherical geometry. The gill surface area can, in fact, increase linearly in proportion to gill volume and body mass. We cite the large body of evidence demonstrating that respiratory surface areas in fishes reflect metabolic needs, not vice versa, which explains the large interspecific variation in scaling of gill surface areas. Finally, we point out that future studies basing their predictions on models should incorporate factors for scaling of metabolic rate and for temperature effects on metabolism, which agree with measured values, and should account for interspecific variation in scaling and temperature effects. It is possible that some fishes will become smaller in the future, but to make reliable predictions the underlying mechanisms need to be identified and sought elsewhere than in geometric constraints on gill surface area. Furthermore, to ensure that useful information is conveyed to the public and policymakers about the possible effects of climate change, it is necessary to improve communication and congruity between fish physiologists and fisheries scientists.",
            "publicationTitle": "Global Change Biology",
            "publisher": "",
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            "date": "September 1, 2017",
            "volume": "23",
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            "pages": "3449-3459",
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            "journalAbbreviation": "Glob Change Biol",
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            "title": "Physiology in the service of fisheries science: Why thinking mechanistically matters",
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                    "firstName": "Andrij Z.",
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            "abstractNote": "Behavioral responses of fishes to variability in environmental conditions and habitat quality are central to population-level demographic processes. Although field surveys can correlate abundance to habitat variables (physiochemical, biotic, and structural), they cannot provide mechanistic explanations. Moreover, field surveys are often stratified by time or geographic criteria relevant to humans, whereas fishes stratify by habitat variables relevant to them. If mechanisms underlying behavior are not explicitly understood, conclusions based on survey data can lead to biased inferences as to species-specific habitat requirements and preferences, as well as changes in stock size occurring over time. Because physiology is the transfer function that links specific environmental conditions to behavior and fitness, we argue great gains can be made through the integration of physiology and fisheries science. These are complementary disciplines, albeit ones that generally function at very different temporal and spatial scales, as well as different levels of biological organization. We argue more specifically that integrating physiological approaches with behavioral studies and traditional fisheries survey data (where each approach develops hypotheses to be tested in the other) can mechanistically link processes from cells through populations to place fisheries management in an appropriate ecosystem context. We further contend that population- and species-specific mechanistic understanding of physiological abilities and tolerances can significantly help to: improve stock assessments, describe essential fish habitat, predict rates of post-release mortality, develop effective bycatch reduction strategies, and forecast the population effects of increases in global temperatures and ocean acidification.",
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            "abstractNote": "The global distribution of primary production and consumption by humans (fisheries) is well-documented, but we have no map linking the central ecological process of consumption within food webs to temperature and other ecological drivers. Using standardized assays that span 105° of latitude on four continents, we show that rates of bait consumption by generalist predators in shallow marine ecosystems are tightly linked to both temperature and the composition of consumer assemblages. Unexpectedly, rates of consumption peaked at midlatitudes (25 to 35°) in both Northern and Southern Hemispheres across both seagrass and unvegetated sediment habitats. This pattern contrasts with terrestrial systems, where biotic interactions reportedly weaken away from the equator, but it parallels an emerging pattern of a subtropical peak in marine biodiversity. The higher consumption at midlatitudes was closely related to the type of consumers present, which explained rates of consumption better than consumer density, biomass, species diversity, or habitat. Indeed, the apparent effect of temperature on consumption was mostly driven by temperature-associated turnover in consumer community composition. Our findings reinforce the key influence of climate warming on altered species composition and highlight its implications for the functioning of Earth’s ecosystems.",
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                    "firstName": "Holly K.",
                    "lastName": "Kindsvater"
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                    "firstName": "Tonje Knutsen",
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            "abstractNote": "Size-based harvest limits or gear regulations are often used to manage fishing mortality and ensure the spawning biomass of females is sufficiently protected. Yet, management interactions with species’ mating systems that affect fishery sustainability and yield are rarely considered. For species with obligate male care, it is possible that size-specific harvest of males will decrease larval production. In order to examine how size-based management practices interact with mating systems, we modelled fisheries of two species with obligate care of nests, corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops, Labridae) and lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus, Hexigrammidae) under two management scenarios, a minimum size limit and a harvest slot limit. We simulated the population dynamics, larval production and yield to the fishery under a range of fishing mortalities. We also modelled size-dependent male care to determine its interaction with management. In both species, the slot limit decreased yield by <12% (relative to minimum size limits) at low fishing mortalities; at higher mortalities, individuals rarely survived to outgrow the slot and spawning potential decreased substantially relative to unfished levels, similar to minimum size limits. Spawning potential decreased less when managed with a slot limit if we included a positive feedback between male size, care and hatching success, but the benefit of implementing the slot depended both on the relative proportions of each sex selected by the fishery and on our assumptions regarding male size and care. This work highlights that the effects of size- and sex-selective fisheries management can be nuanced and produce counter-intuitive results.",
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            "abstractNote": "Climate and physiology shape biogeography, yet the range limits of species can rarely be ascribed to the quantitative traits of organisms1–3. Here we evaluate whether the geographical range boundaries of species coincide with ecophysiological limits to acquisition of aerobic energy4 for a global cross-section of the biodiversity of marine animals. We observe a tight correlation between the metabolic rate and the efficacy of oxygen supply, and between the temperature sensitivities of these traits, which suggests that marine animals are under strong selection for the tolerance of low O2 (hypoxia)5. The breadth of the resulting physiological tolerances of marine animals predicts a variety of geographical niches—from the tropics to high latitudes and from shallow to deep water—which better align with species distributions than do models based on either temperature or oxygen alone. For all studied species, thermal and hypoxic limits are substantially reduced by the energetic demands of ecological activity, a trait that varies similarly among marine and terrestrial taxa. Active temperature-dependent hypoxia thus links the biogeography of diverse marine species to fundamental energetic requirements that are shared across the animal kingdom.",
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