[ { "key": "KD4SDKHX", "version": 25, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 289346, "name": "Real world fuel economy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/real_world_fuel_economy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/289346/items/KD4SDKHX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/real_world_fuel_economy/items/KD4SDKHX", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "KD4SDKHX", "version": 25, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Global Fuel Economy Initiative | Publications Home", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.globalfueleconomy.org/publications/Pages/PublicationsHome.aspx", "accessDate": "2014-09-25T22:37:16Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-25T22:37:16Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-25T22:37:16Z" } }, { "key": "6FBD76WW", "version": 24, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 289346, "name": "Real world fuel economy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/real_world_fuel_economy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/289346/items/6FBD76WW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/real_world_fuel_economy/items/6FBD76WW", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Schipper and Tax", "parsedDate": "1994-10", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "6FBD76WW", "version": 24, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "New car test and actual fuel economy: yet another gap?", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lee", "lastName": "Schipper" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Wienke", "lastName": "Tax" } ], "abstractNote": "Automobile fuel economy derived from tests varies greatly from that obtained from actual daily use. This ‘gap’ appears to be growing because tests do not reflect real-world driving and because driving is increasingly becoming less fuel-efficient. Comparisons among the US, Canada and four European countries find that automobile fuel economy tests tend to understate fuel use by 15–25%. Since automobile fuel use is at the center of much environmental concern, the present analysis of new-car fuel economy suggests some mitigation techniques to close the test/actual fuel economy gap.", "publicationTitle": "Transport Policy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "October 1994", "volume": "1", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "257-265", "series": "Special Issue Sustainable transportation and electric vehicles", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Transport Policy", "DOI": "10.1016/0967-070X(94)90006-X", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0967070X9490006X", "accessDate": "2014-09-25T22:28:24Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0967-070X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "New car test and actual fuel economy", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "automobile fuel use", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "fuel economy tests", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "new automobile fuel economy", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-25T22:28:24Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-25T22:28:24Z" } }, { "key": "QT8XSEE5", "version": 23, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 289346, "name": "Real world fuel economy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/real_world_fuel_economy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/289346/items/QT8XSEE5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/real_world_fuel_economy/items/QT8XSEE5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Zhang et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "QT8XSEE5", "version": 23, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Real-world fuel consumption and CO2 emissions of urban public buses in Beijing", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Shaojun", "lastName": "Zhang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ye", "lastName": "Wu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Huan", "lastName": "Liu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ruikun", "lastName": "Huang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Liuhanzi", "lastName": "Yang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Zhenhua", "lastName": "Li" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lixin", "lastName": "Fu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jiming", "lastName": "Hao" } ], "abstractNote": "Seventy-five heavy-duty public transit buses, including different fuel systems (conventional diesel, natural gas and diesel hybrid), were tested on-road in Beijing using portable emission measurement systems. Second-by-second driving condition data were collected on typical urban bus routes including freeways, arterial roads and residential roads. The average values of distance-specific fuel consumption for diesel buses is 32.6 L 100 km−1 under a typical bus driving cycle in Beijing (BJBC). Natural gas buses have comparable CO2 emission factors but higher fuel consumption relative to diesel buses. Hybrid diesel buses are capable of reducing CO2 emissions and fuel consumption by 18–29% compared to the Euro IV and Euro V diesel buses over the BJBC. This study quantified the impacts on fuel consumption from other conditions including road type, average speed, load mass, and air conditioning. Average speed is the leading indicator of traffic conditions which affects the on-road fuel use most significantly. If the average bus speed decreases from 25 km h−1 to 15 km h−1, fuel consumption is estimated to increase by ∼20–30% for diesel buses, ∼30–45% for natural gas buses, and most significantly (∼50%) for hybrid diesel buses. In addition, real-world fuel consumption of hybrid diesel buses is observed to be particularly sensitive to operating conditions – when their on-board air conditioning systems are functioning, fuel consumption can be increased by up to 50%.", "publicationTitle": "Applied Energy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "January 2014", "volume": "113", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1645-1655", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Applied Energy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.09.017", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261913007642", "accessDate": "2014-09-25T22:26:55Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0306-2619", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "CO2 emission", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Operating condition", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Public bus", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Speed", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "fuel consumption", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-25T22:26:55Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-25T22:26:55Z" } }, { "key": "4XRFXVS8", "version": 22, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 289346, "name": "Real world fuel economy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/real_world_fuel_economy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/289346/items/4XRFXVS8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/real_world_fuel_economy/items/4XRFXVS8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ntziachristos et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-04", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "4XRFXVS8", "version": 22, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "In-use vs. type-approval fuel consumption of current passenger cars in Europe", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L.", "lastName": "Ntziachristos" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G.", "lastName": "Mellios" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Tsokolis" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Keller" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Hausberger" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "N. E.", "lastName": "Ligterink" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P.", "lastName": "Dilara" } ], "abstractNote": "In-use fuel consumption data of 924 passenger cars (611 petrol, 313 diesel) were collected from various European sources and were evaluated in comparison to their corresponding type-approval values. The analysis indicated that the average in-use fuel consumption was higher than the type-approval one by 11% for petrol cars and 16% for diesel cars. Comparison of this dataset with the Travelcard database in the Netherlands showed that the deviation increased for late model years and in particular for cars with low type-approval values. The deviation was higher than 60% for vehicles registered in 2012 within the 90–100 gCO2/km bin. Unrealistic vehicle resistances used in type-approval were identified as one of the prime reasons of the difference. A simplified linear model developed in the study may be used to predict in-use fuel consumption based on data publicly available. The model utilizes the fuel consumption measured in type-approval, the mass, and the engine capacity to provide in-use fuel consumption. This may be either used to correct fuel consumption factors currently utilized by emission models (e.g. COPERT, HBEFA, VERSIT+, and others) or could be used independently to make projections on how fuel consumption may develop on the basis of changing future passenger cars characteristics.", "publicationTitle": "Energy Policy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "April 2014", "volume": "67", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "403-411", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Energy Policy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.enpol.2013.12.013", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421513012573", "accessDate": "2014-09-25T22:25:22Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0301-4215", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Fuel economy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Greenhouse gases", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Road transport", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-25T22:25:22Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-25T22:25:22Z" } }, { "key": "6B5S2G3D", "version": 21, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 289346, "name": "Real world fuel economy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/real_world_fuel_economy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/289346/items/6B5S2G3D", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/real_world_fuel_economy/items/6B5S2G3D", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kwon", "parsedDate": "2006-10", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "6B5S2G3D", "version": 21, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The determinants of the changes in car fuel efficiency in Great Britain (1978–2000)", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tae-Hyeong", "lastName": "Kwon" } ], "abstractNote": "This paper estimates the trends of fleet car fuel efficiency and new car fuel efficiency in Great Britain and analyses determining factors of the changes in car fuel efficiency. According to the analysis results, the pure technology effect was partly offset by the increase of average engine capacity of vehicles, especially since the late 1980s. Although in the 1990s, the pure technology effect itself was much reduced than in the earlier period, the shift in consumer choice to bigger cars also obstructed the improvement of fuel efficiency in this period. Meanwhile, this study found about a 10% gap between the official fuel consumption rate of new cars and on road fuel consumption rate, which generally confirms the result of earlier studies.", "publicationTitle": "Energy Policy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "October 2006", "volume": "34", "issue": "15", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "2405-2412", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Energy Policy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.enpol.2005.04.014", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421505001254", "accessDate": "2014-09-25T20:47:06Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0301-4215", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Engine capacity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Great Britain", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "fuel efficiency", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-25T20:47:06Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-25T20:47:06Z" } }, { "key": "83ZCS2XB", "version": 20, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 289346, "name": "Real world fuel economy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/real_world_fuel_economy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/289346/items/83ZCS2XB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/real_world_fuel_economy/items/83ZCS2XB", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Meyer and Wessely", "parsedDate": "2009-10", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "83ZCS2XB", "version": 20, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Fuel efficiency of the Austrian passenger vehicle fleet—Analysis of trends in the technological profile and related impacts on CO2 emissions", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "I.", "lastName": "Meyer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Wessely" } ], "abstractNote": "This paper analyzes trends in the technological profile of the Austrian personnel vehicle fleet from 1990 to 2007. This includes the parameters of power, engine size and weight, which beyond the technological efficiency of the motor engine itself, are considered to be the main determinants of the fuel efficiency of the average car stock. Investigating the drivers of ever rising transport related greenhouse gas emissions is crucial in order to derive policies that strive towards more energy-efficient on-road passenger mobility. We focus on the efficacy of technological efficiency improvements in mitigating climate-relevant emissions from car use in light of shifting demand patterns towards bigger, heavier and more powerful cars. The analysis is descriptive in nature and based on a bottom-up database that was originally collated for the purpose of the present study. Technological data on car models, which includes tested fuel consumption, engine size, power and weight, is related to registered car stock and, in parts, to newly registered cars. From this, we obtain an original database of the Austrian passenger car fleet, i.e. information on consumer choice of specific car models, segregated by gasoline and diesel fuelled engines. Conclusions are derived for policies aimed at reducing the fossil fuel consumption of the moving vehicle fleet in order to contribute to a low carbon society.", "publicationTitle": "Energy Policy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "October 2009", "volume": "37", "issue": "10", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "3779-3789", "series": "Carbon in Motion: Fuel Economy, Vehicle Use, and Other Factors affecting CO2 Emissions From Transport", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Energy Policy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.enpol.2009.07.011", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421509005242", "accessDate": "2014-09-24T22:45:05Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0301-4215", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Climate policy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Passenger car fleet", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "fuel efficiency", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-24T22:45:05Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-24T22:45:05Z" } }, { "key": "MDGPE45W", "version": 19, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 289346, "name": "Real world fuel economy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/real_world_fuel_economy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/289346/items/MDGPE45W", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/real_world_fuel_economy/items/MDGPE45W", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Huo et al.", "parsedDate": "2011-11", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "MDGPE45W", "version": 19, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Fuel consumption rates of passenger cars in China: Labels versus real-world", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Hong", "lastName": "Huo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Zhiliang", "lastName": "Yao" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kebin", "lastName": "He" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Xin", "lastName": "Yu" } ], "abstractNote": "Recently, China has implemented many policy measures to control the oil demand of on-road vehicles. In 2010, China started to report the fuel consumption rates of light-duty vehicles tested in laboratory and to require new vehicles to show the rates on window labels. In this study, we examined the differences between the test and real-world fuel consumption of Chinese passenger cars by using the data reported by real-world drivers on the internet voluntarily. The sales-weighted average fuel consumption of new cars in China in 2009 was 7.80 L/100 km in laboratory and 9.02 L/100 km in real-world, representing a difference of 15.5%. For the 153 individual car models examined, the real-world fuel consumption rates were −8 to 60% different from the test values. The simulation results of the International Vehicle Emission model show that the real-world driving cycles in 22 selected Chinese cities could result in −8 to 34% of changes in fuel consumption compared to the laboratory driving cycle. Further government effort on fuel consumption estimates adjustment, local driving cycle development, and real-world data accumulation through communication with the public is needed to improve the accuracy of the labeling policy.", "publicationTitle": "Energy Policy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "November 2011", "volume": "39", "issue": "11", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "7130-7135", "series": "Asian Energy Security", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Energy Policy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.enpol.2011.08.031", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421511006288", "accessDate": "2014-09-24T22:44:36Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0301-4215", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Fuel consumption rates of passenger cars in China", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Driving cycle", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fuel consumption rate", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Labeling policy", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-24T22:44:36Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-24T22:44:36Z" } }, { "key": "8AV4ZMUB", "version": 18, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 289346, "name": "Real world fuel economy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/real_world_fuel_economy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/289346/items/8AV4ZMUB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/real_world_fuel_economy/items/8AV4ZMUB", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Soylu", "parsedDate": "2014-12-15", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "8AV4ZMUB", "version": 18, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The effects of urban driving conditions on the operating characteristics of conventional and hybrid electric city buses", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Seref", "lastName": "Soylu" } ], "abstractNote": "The basic operating characteristics of a conventional bus (CB) and a hybrid electric bus (HEB) were examined under urban driving conditions. To perform this examination, real-time operating data from the buses were collected on the Campus-Return route of the Sakarya Municipality. The main characteristics examined were the traction, braking, engine, engine generator unit (EGU), motor/generator (M/G), and ultracapacitor (Ucap) energies and efficiencies of the buses.\n\nThe route elevation profile and the frequency of stop-and-go operations of the buses were found to have dramatic impacts on the braking and traction energies of the buses. The declining profile of the Campus-Return route provided an excellent opportunity for energy recovery by the regenerative braking system of the HEB. However, owing to the limits on the capacities and efficiencies of the hybrid drive train components and the Ucap, the bus braking energies were not recovered completely. Braking energies as high as 2.2 kW h per micro-trip were observed, but less than 1 kW h of braking energy per micro-trip was converted to electricity by the M/G; the rest of the braking energy was wasted in frictional braking. The maximum energy recovered and stored in the Ucap per micro-trip was 0.5 kW h, but the amount of energy recovered and stored per micro-trip was typically less than 0.2 kW h for the entire route. The cumulative braking energy recovered and stored in the Ucap for the Campus-Return route was 52% of the available brake energy, which was 13.02 kW h. Consequently, the round-trip efficiency of the regenerative braking system, between the wheels and Ucap, was determined to be 27%. Finally, although the brake engine energy (BEE) of the CB was 1.18 times higher than its positive traction energy (PTE), the BEE of the HEB was only 1.07 times higher than its PTE. In fact, it is normal to expect the BEE to be higher than the PTE owing to power train losses, but the energy recovered by the regenerative braking system was found to cover most of the power train losses and even improve the energy efficiency of the HEB.", "publicationTitle": "Applied Energy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "December 15, 2014", "volume": "135", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "472-482", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Applied Energy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.08.102", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261914009258", "accessDate": "2014-09-24T22:24:14Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0306-2619", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Braking energy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Energy efficiency", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Hybrid bus", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Real-world driving", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Regenerative braking", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Traction energy", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-24T22:24:14Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-24T22:24:14Z" } }, { "key": "DF7SWBIE", "version": 17, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 289346, "name": "Real world fuel economy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/real_world_fuel_economy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/289346/items/DF7SWBIE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/real_world_fuel_economy/items/DF7SWBIE", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Zachariadis", "parsedDate": "2006-09", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "DF7SWBIE", "version": 17, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "On the baseline evolution of automobile fuel economy in Europe", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Theodoros", "lastName": "Zachariadis" } ], "abstractNote": "‘Business as usual’ scenarios in long-term energy forecasts are crucial for scenario-based policy analyses. This article focuses on fuel economy of passenger cars and light trucks, a long-disputed issue with serious implications for worldwide energy use and CO2 emissions. The current status in Europe is explained and future developments are analysed with the aid of historical data of the last three decades from the United States and Europe. As a result of this analysis, fuel economy values are proposed for use as assumptions in baseline energy/transport scenarios in the 15 ‘old’ European Union Member States. Proposed values are given for new gasoline and diesel cars and for the years 2010, 2020 and 2030. The increasing discrepancy between vehicle fuel consumption measured under test conditions and that in the real world is also considered. One main conclusion is that the European Commission's voluntary agreement with the automobile industry should not be assumed to fully achieve its target under baseline conditions, nor should it be regarded as a major stimulus for autonomous vehicle efficiency improvements after 2010. A second conclusion is that three very recent studies enjoying authority across the EU tend to be overly optimistic as regards the technical progress for conventional and alternative vehicle propulsion technologies under ‘business as usual’ conditions.", "publicationTitle": "Energy Policy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "September 2006", "volume": "34", "issue": "14", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1773-1785", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Energy Policy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.enpol.2005.01.002", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421505000145", "accessDate": "2014-09-24T22:14:32Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0301-4215", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "CO2 emissions", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Efficiency", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Road transport", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-24T22:14:32Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-24T22:14:32Z" } }, { "key": "ZQ2NMEA6", "version": 16, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 289346, "name": "Real world fuel economy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/real_world_fuel_economy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/289346/items/ZQ2NMEA6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/real_world_fuel_economy/items/ZQ2NMEA6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ZQ2NMEA6", "version": 16, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Effect of Weight and Roadway Grade on the Fuel Economy of Class-8 Frieght Trucks", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/1029954", "accessDate": "2014-09-24T22:11:45Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-24T22:11:45Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-24T22:12:00Z" } }, { "key": "HBJCBI2V", "version": 14, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 289346, "name": "Real world fuel economy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/real_world_fuel_economy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/289346/items/HBJCBI2V", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/real_world_fuel_economy/items/HBJCBI2V", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Franzese et al.", "parsedDate": "2011-01-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "HBJCBI2V", "version": 14, "itemType": "report", "title": "Medium Truck Duty Cycle Data from Real-World Driving Environments: Project Interim Report", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Oscar", "lastName": "Franzese" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mary Beth", "lastName": "Lascurain" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gary J.", "lastName": "Capps" } ], "abstractNote": "", "reportNumber": "ORNL/TM-2010/255", "reportType": "", "institution": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)", "place": "", "date": "2011/01/01", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/1081683", "accessDate": "2014-09-24T22:06:37Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Medium Truck Duty Cycle Data from Real-World Driving Environments", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "www.osti.gov", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "duty cycles", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "fuel efficiency", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "heavy vehicle", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "medium truck", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-24T22:06:37Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-24T22:06:37Z" } }, { "key": "T2IFDW26", "version": 13, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 289346, "name": "Real world fuel economy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/real_world_fuel_economy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/289346/items/T2IFDW26", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/real_world_fuel_economy/items/T2IFDW26", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lin and Greene", "parsedDate": "2011-01-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "T2IFDW26", "version": 13, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Predicting Individual Fuel Economy", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Zhenhong", "lastName": "Lin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David L.", "lastName": "Greene" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2011/01/01", "volume": "4", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/1024296", "accessDate": "2014-09-24T22:04:15Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "www.osti.gov", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Fuel economy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "accuracy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "and utilization", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "consumption", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "energy conservation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "energy planning", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "forecasting", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "fuel consumption", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "model", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "policy and economy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "travel bahavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "us epa cafe", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "vehicle efficiency", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-24T22:04:15Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-24T22:04:15Z" } }, { "key": "WT334EV3", "version": 12, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 289346, "name": "Real world fuel economy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/real_world_fuel_economy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/289346/items/WT334EV3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/real_world_fuel_economy/items/WT334EV3", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Zahabi et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-10", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "WT334EV3", "version": 12, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Fuel economy of hybrid-electric versus conventional gasoline vehicles in real-world conditions: A case study of cold cities in Quebec, Canada", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Seyed Amir H.", "lastName": "Zahabi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Luis", "lastName": "Miranda-Moreno" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Philippe", "lastName": "Barla" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Benoit", "lastName": "Vincent" } ], "abstractNote": "This paper investigates the fuel efficiency of commercial hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and compares their performance with respect to standard gasoline vehicles in the context of cold Canadian urban environments. The effect of different factors on fuel efficiency is studied including road driving conditions (link type, city size), temperature, speed, cold-starts and eco-driving training. For this study, fuel consumption data at the link level in real-world conditions was used from a sample of 74 instrumented vehicles. From the study fleet, 21 vehicles were HEVs. Among other results, the beneficial fuel efficiency merits of hybrid vehicles were demonstrated with respect to gasoline cars, in particular at low speeds and in urban (city) environments. After controlling for other factors, sedan HEVs were 28% more efficient than sedan gasoline vehicles. However, the low temperatures (below 0 °C) observed regularly during winter season in the study cities were identified as a detrimental factor to fuel economy. In winter, the fuel efficiency of HEVs decrease about 20% with respect to summer. Other factors such as eco-driving training, city size, cold start and vehicle type were also found to be statistically significant.", "publicationTitle": "Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "October 2014", "volume": "32", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "184-192", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment", "DOI": "10.1016/j.trd.2014.07.007", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1361920914000923", "accessDate": "2014-09-24T22:01:39Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1361-9209", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Fuel economy of hybrid-electric versus conventional gasoline vehicles in real-world conditions", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Eco-driving", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fuel consumption rate", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Hybrid electric vehicles", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Speed", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Temperature", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-24T22:01:39Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-24T22:01:39Z" } }, { "key": "PBFEKN7P", "version": 11, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 289346, "name": "Real world fuel economy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/real_world_fuel_economy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/289346/items/PBFEKN7P", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/real_world_fuel_economy/items/PBFEKN7P", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Huo et al.", "parsedDate": "2012-04", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "PBFEKN7P", "version": 11, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Vehicle technologies, fuel-economy policies, and fuel-consumption rates of Chinese vehicles", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Hong", "lastName": "Huo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kebin", "lastName": "He" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michael", "lastName": "Wang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Zhiliang", "lastName": "Yao" } ], "abstractNote": "One of the principal ways to reduce transport-related energy use is to reduce fuel-consumption rates of motor vehicles (usually measured in liters of fuel per 100 km). Since 2004, China has implemented policies to improve vehicle technologies and lower the fuel-consumption rates of individual vehicles. Policy evaluation requires accurate and adequate information on vehicle fuel-consumption rates. However, such information, especially for Chinese vehicles under real-world operating conditions, is rarely available from official sources in China. For each vehicle type we first review the vehicle technologies and fuel-economy policies currently in place in China and their impacts. We then derive real-world (or on-road) fuel-consumption rates on the basis of information collected from various sources. We estimate that the real-world fuel-consumption rates of vehicles in China sold in 2009 are 9 L/100 km for light-duty passenger vehicles, 11.4 L/100 km for light-duty trucks, 22 L/100 km for inter-city transport buses, 40 L/100 km for urban transit buses, and 24.9 L/100 km for heavy-duty trucks. These results aid in understanding the levels of fuel consumption of existing Chinese vehicle fleets and the effectiveness of policies in reducing on-road fuel consumption, which can help in designing and evaluating future vehicle energy-efficiency policies.", "publicationTitle": "Energy Policy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "April 2012", "volume": "43", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "30-36", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Energy Policy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.enpol.2011.09.064", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421511007786", "accessDate": "2014-09-24T21:59:36Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0301-4215", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "China", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fuel economy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fuel-consumption rate", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-24T21:59:36Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-24T21:59:36Z" } }, { "key": "V5FHP3D2", "version": 10, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 289346, "name": "Real world fuel economy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/real_world_fuel_economy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/289346/items/V5FHP3D2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/real_world_fuel_economy/items/V5FHP3D2", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hu et al.", "parsedDate": "2012-05", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "V5FHP3D2", "version": 10, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Real-world fuel efficiency and exhaust emissions of light-duty diesel vehicles and their correlation with road conditions", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jingnan", "lastName": "Hu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ye", "lastName": "Wu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Zhishi", "lastName": "Wang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Zhenhua", "lastName": "Li" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Yu", "lastName": "Zhou" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Haitao", "lastName": "Wang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Xiaofeng", "lastName": "Bao" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jiming", "lastName": "Hao" } ], "abstractNote": "The real-world fuel efficiency and exhaust emission profiles of CO, HC and NOx for light-duty diesel vehicles were investigated. Using a portable emissions measurement system, 16 diesel taxies were tested on different roads in Macao and the data were normalized with the vehicle specific power bin method. The 11 Toyota Corolla diesel taxies have very good fuel economy of (5.9 ± 0.6) L/100 km, while other five diesel taxies showed relatively high values at (8.5 ± 1.7) L/100 km due to the variation in transmission systems and emission control strategies. Compared to similar Corolla gasoline models, the diesel cars confirmed an advantage of ca. 20% higher fuel efficiency. HC and CO emissions of all the 16 taxies are quite low, with the average at (0.05 ± 0.02) g/km and (0.38 ± 0.15) g/km, respectively. The average NOx emission factor of the 11 Corolla taxies is (0.56 ± 0.17) g/km, about three times higher than their gasoline counterparts. Two of the three Hyundai Sonata taxies, configured with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) + diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) emission control strategies, indicated significantly higher NO2 emissions and NO2/NOx ratios than other diesel taxies and consequently trigger a concern of possibly adverse impacts on ozone pollution in urban areas with this technology combination. A clear and similar pattern for fuel consumption and for each of the three gaseous pollutant emissions with various road conditions was identified. To save energy and mitigate CO2 emissions as well as other gaseous pollutant emissions in urban area, traffic planning also needs improvement.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Environmental Sciences", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 2012", "volume": "24", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "865-874", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Journal of Environmental Sciences", "DOI": "10.1016/S1001-0742(11)60878-4", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001074211608784", "accessDate": "2014-09-24T21:52:23Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1001-0742", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "NOx", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "diesel taxi", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "fuel consumption", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "portable emissions measurement system", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "road conditions", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-24T21:52:23Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-24T21:52:23Z" } }, { "key": "FBVB7QHZ", "version": 7, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 289346, "name": "Real world fuel economy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/real_world_fuel_economy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/289346/items/FBVB7QHZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/real_world_fuel_economy/items/FBVB7QHZ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Plotkin", "parsedDate": "2009-10", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "FBVB7QHZ", "version": 7, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Examining fuel economy and carbon standards for light vehicles", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Steven E.", "lastName": "Plotkin" } ], "abstractNote": "This paper examines fuel economy and carbon standards for light vehicles (passenger cars and light trucks), discussing the rationale for standards, appropriate degrees of stringency and timing, regulatory structure, and ways to deal with “real world” fuel economy issues that may not be dealt with by the standards. There is no optimum method of establishing the stringency of a standard, but policymakers can be informed by analyses of technology cost-effectiveness from the viewpoint of different actors (e.g., society, vehicle purchasers) and of “top runners”—vehicles in the current fleet, or projections of future leading vehicles, that can serve as models for average vehicles some years later. The focus of the paper is on the US light vehicle fleet, with some discussion of applications to the European Union. A “leading edge” midsize car for the 2020 timeframe is identified, and various types of attribute-based standards are discussed. For the US, a 12–15 year target for new vehicle fleet improvement of 30–50% seems a reasonable starting point for negotiations. For 2030 or so, doubling current fuel economy is possible. In both cases, adjustments must be made in response to changing economic circumstances and government and societal priorities.", "publicationTitle": "Energy Policy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "October 2009", "volume": "37", "issue": "10", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "3843-3853", "series": "Carbon in Motion: Fuel Economy, Vehicle Use, and Other Factors affecting CO2 Emissions From Transport", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Energy Policy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.enpol.2009.07.013", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421509005229", "accessDate": "2014-09-24T17:10:08Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0301-4215", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Carbon standards", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fuel economy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Light-duty vehicles", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-24T17:10:08Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-24T17:10:08Z" } }, { "key": "7ZCZE5D8", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 289346, "name": "Real world fuel economy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/real_world_fuel_economy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/289346/items/7ZCZE5D8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/real_world_fuel_economy/items/7ZCZE5D8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "7ZCZE5D8", "version": 5, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Real-world fuel economy and emission levels of a typical EURO-IV passenger vehicle - National Renewable Energy Laboratory Library", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://primo-pmtna01.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=TN_crossref10.1243%2f095440705X28277&indx=3&recIds=TN_crossref10.1243%2f095440705X28277&recIdxs=2&elementId=2&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=7&dscnt=0&frbg=&scp.scps=scope%3A%28%22NREL%22%29%2Cprimo_central_multiple_fe&tab=default_tab&dstmp=1411577826812&srt=rank&mode=Basic&&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=real%20world%20fuel%20economy&vid=NREL&gathStatIcon=true", "accessDate": "2014-09-24T17:07:30Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-24T17:07:30Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-24T17:07:30Z" } }, { "key": "4ETXVD2E", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 289346, "name": "Real world fuel economy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/real_world_fuel_economy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/289346/items/4ETXVD2E", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/real_world_fuel_economy/items/4ETXVD2E", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Samuel et al.", "parsedDate": "2002-07-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "4ETXVD2E", "version": 3, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Automotive test drive cycles for emission measurement and real-world emission levels-a review", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Samuel" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L.", "lastName": "Austin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Morrey" } ], "abstractNote": "The emission levels produced by any vehicle are dependent on the mode of operation of the vehicle and technology behind the vehicle design. The test drive cycles employed to measure the emissions produced by vehicles should adequately represent the real-world driving pattern of the vehicle to provide the most realistic estimation of these levels. However, there is increasing concern about the representative drive cycles used by the various vehicle certification and regulatory authorities. This paper reviews the various drive cycles used for gasoline engine vehicles in Europe and the United States, and the impact of various factors and their influence on real-world emission levels. The proposed new drive cycles of the United States and Europe are considered. From the work reviewed, it can be concluded that the amount of pollutant levels from automotive vehicles are underestimated because of the characteristics of the existing drive cycles. While much work remains to be done with the development of new drive cycles to represent real-world driving patterns, some useful conclusions can be drawn regarding the impacts of the factors reviewed here. 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