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            "note": "<p>\"In Germany, universities distribute money to researchers by a formula that includes the<br />Thomson impact factor. Each point of impact factor is worth about 1000 Euros.<br />(Stephan Mertens, personal communication).<br />In Pakistan, researchers receive bonuses of up to US$20,000 a year depending on the sum<br />of the impact factors of the journals in which they publish.3 Half is for researchers’<br />personal use.3<br />In Finland, a portion of hospital funding from the government depends on the impact<br />factor of journals in which the hospital researchers publish. An increase in one point<br />of impact factor for one paper can increase a hospital’s funding by US$7000.4\"</p>",
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            "note": "<p>Uses a panel of (volunteer) experts to select important articles in thier field; quite like faculty of 1000</p>\n<p>\"we doubt that a popularity poll can indicate academic merit\"</p>",
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            "note": "<p>\"a journal’s impact factor<br />says nothing at all about how well read<br />and discussed the journal is outside the<br />core scientifi c community or whether it<br />infl uences health policy.\"</p>\n<p>\"Thomson Scientifi c has no explicit<br />process for deciding which articles<br />other than original research articles<br />it deems as citable.\"</p>\n<p>\"science is currently rated by a process<br />that is itself unscientific, subjective, and<br />secretive\"</p>\n<p>\"Magazine sections\" \"...will rarely<br />be cited in indexed journals, but may<br />be infl uential, for example, in changing<br />health policy, or may be of educational<br />value. For such articles, more relevant<br />measures of impact may be the number<br />of times they are downloaded, or<br />covered in news articles, or referenced<br />in policy documents.\"</p>\n<p>\"The opening<br />up of the literature means that better<br />ways of assessing papers and journals<br />are coming—and we should embrace<br />them\"</p>",
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            "note": "<p>IF is \"is strongly biased in favour of<br />American journals.\"</p>\n<p>\"The result,<br />unfortunately, may be that which Malcolm Chiswick, previous<br />editor of Archives of Disease in Childhood, described<br />as an ‘impacted journal’, constipated with articles that are<br />highly cited but of little interest to most readers\"</p>",
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            "note": "<p>this is a followup to \"show me the data\" by the same authors.</p>",
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            "note": "<p>Problems:</p>\n<ol>\n<li>\"the impact factor calculation<br />contains citation values in the numerator<br />for which there is no corresponding<br />value in the denominator.\"</li>\n<li>\"Articles are designated as primary,<br />review, or “front matter” by hand by<br />Thomson Scientifi c employees examining<br />journals (6) using various bibliographic<br />criteria, such as keywords and<br />number of references (7).\"</li>\n<li>\"Some publishers negotiate with<br />Thomson Scientifi c to change these<br />designations in their favor (5).\"</li>\n<li>\"Citations to retracted articles are<br />count ed in the impact factor calculation (8).\"</li>\n<li>\"Because the impact factor calculation<br />is a mean, it can be badly skewed<br />by a “blockbuster” paper.\"</li>\n</ol>\n<p>\"Just as scientists would not accept the findings in a scientific paper without seeing the primary data, so should they not rely on Thomson Scientific’s impact factor, which is based on hidden data.\"</p>\n<p>They found lots of errors using, using JCR data from Thompson to recalculate the IF.</p>\n<p>Threre's a follow up called \"<strong></strong>Irreproducible results: a response to Thomson Scientific \" by the same authors<span style=\"font-family: sans-serif;\"><br /></span></p>",
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            "note": "<p>\"In Pakistan, under a system introduced<br />by the science ministry in 2002, researchers<br />can receive $1,000 to $20,000, based mainly on<br />the cumulative one-year impact factor of their<br />publications.\"</p>\n<p>\"The Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute<br />of Biophysics in Beijing has a scale tuned to<br />impact factors. Authors published in journals<br />with an impact factor between 3 and 5 receive<br />2,000 yuan ($250) per point, while a factor<br />over 10 earns 7,000 yuan <strong>($875) per point</strong>.\"</p>",
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            "note": "<p>\"Table. 1. Top-ten in journal IF manipulations</p>\n<p>1. Requiring revision of the manuscript references section<br />and inclusion of articles published in the editor’s journal<br />or affiliate journals<br />2. Publishing summaries of articles with relevant citations<br />to them (usually in the form of “what was published in<br />the journal last year”)<br />3. Inflating self-citation through editorials and readers’<br />comments on published articles<br />4. Publishing articles that add citations to the nominator<br />but which are not counted as “citable”<br />5. Publishing a larger percentage of review articles over<br />less-cited articles, including original research and, especially,<br />case reports<br />6. Rejecting negative studies, regardless of their quality<br />7. Rejecting confirmatory studies<br />8. Favoring the acceptance of articles originating from<br />large and scientifically active research groups as well as<br />articles with a large number of authors<br />9. Attracting the work of renowned scientists and leaders<br />of research regardless of the real quality<br />10. Publishing mainly popular science <strong>articles that deal with<br />“hot” topics</strong>\"</p>",
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            "note": "<p>Serious studies have been done, such as that of P. O. Seglen (<em>Br. Med. J.</em> <strong>314,</strong> 498–502; 1997), which shows that the citation rate for individual papers is essentially uncorrelated to the impact factor of the journal in which it was published.</p>",
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            "note": "<p>Written by the editor of <em>Nature</em></p>\n<p>\"Try as we might, my colleagues and I cannot reconcile our<br />own counts of citable items in Nature, several other<br />Nature journals and indeed Science, with those used<br />by ISI.\"</p>\n<p>calls for \"greater granularity\": descriptions of co-authors' individual contributions, citation of papers' sub-sections</p>\n<p>\"accountability tyranny: the over-dependence, in superficial assessments, on journalbrands...\"</p>\n<p>PLoS ONE users must \"wade through a morass of papers of hugely mixed quality\"</p>",
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            "note": "<p>\"2 clever scientists, ... published<br />in the year 2007...in which they cited all 66 articles<br />published in that journal during the years 2005 and<br />2006.54 This strategy of self-citation raised the journal<br />impact factor from a value of 0.655 for 2006 to 1.439 for<br />2007\"</p>\n<p>large works cited / references section</p>",
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            "abstractNote": "Abstract  A considerable part of the scientific community is, at least to some degree, involved in the “impact factor game” Editors\nstrive to increase their journals — impact factor (IF) in order to gain influence in the fields of basic and applied research\nand scientists seek to profit from the “added value” of publishing in top IF journals. In this article we point out the most\ncommon “tricks” of engineering and manipulating the IF undertaken by a portion of professionals of the scientific publishing\nindustry. They attempt to increase the nominator or decrease the denominator of the IF equation by taking advantage of certain\ndesign flaws and disadvantages of the IF that permit a degree of artificial and arbitrary inflation. Some of these practices,\nif not scientifically unethical, are at least questionable and should be abandoned. Editors and publishers should strive for\nquality through fair and thoughtful selection of papers forwarded for peer review and editorial comments that enhance the\nquality and scientific accuracy of a manuscript.",
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