[ { "key": "DV5ZPAT5", "version": 20, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 288906, "name": "Hydropower in Brazil", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_in_brazil", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/288906/items/DV5ZPAT5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_in_brazil/items/DV5ZPAT5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Namy, Sophie", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "DV5ZPAT5", "version": 20, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Addressing the Social Impacts of Large Hydropower Dams", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "Namy, Sophie" } ], "abstractNote": "During the 20th century large dams emerged as symbols of\nmodernity. Hailed for being an effective way to harness water\nresources for food production, energy generation, flood\ncontrol and domestic use, dams became synonymous with\nprogress and economic development. Construction peaked\nduring the 1970s when an average of two or three large dams\nwere commissioned per day throughout the world. An\nestimated $2 trillion has been invested in large dams since\nthe early 1900s,5 justified by a range of projected outcomes\nfrom poverty reduction to increased local water supply.\nHowever, in recent decades dam projects have become mired\nin controversy. Opponents charge that benefits have been\ngrossly overstated while the social and environmental costs\nhave been largely ignored.", "publicationTitle": "The Journal of International Policy Solutions", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://irps.ucsd.edu/assets/012/6359.pdf", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-19T16:29:57Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-19T16:31:36Z" } }, { "key": "SAI8MKKQ", "version": 15, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 288906, "name": "Hydropower in Brazil", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_in_brazil", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/288906/items/SAI8MKKQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_in_brazil/items/SAI8MKKQ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "SAI8MKKQ", "version": 15, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Social impacts of Brazil's Tucuruí Dam", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "Social impacts of Brazil's Tucuruí Dam", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.academia.edu/1188801/Social_impacts_of_Brazils_Tucurui_Dam", "accessDate": "2014-09-19T16:26:01Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-19T16:26:01Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-19T16:26:01Z" } }, { "key": "KIDZZ8I4", "version": 14, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 288906, "name": "Hydropower in Brazil", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_in_brazil", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/288906/items/KIDZZ8I4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_in_brazil/items/KIDZZ8I4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Volpi et al.", "parsedDate": "2006-12", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "KIDZZ8I4", "version": 14, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A sustainable electricity blueprint for Brazil", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Giulio", "lastName": "Volpi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gilberto", "lastName": "Jannuzzi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rodolfo", "lastName": "Dourado" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Maia", "lastName": "Gomes" } ], "abstractNote": "Brazil, South America's largest country and leading energy consumer, faces the twofold challenge of energy and environmental security. More than 80% of Brazil's installed generating capacity of about 70,000 MW is hydroelectric, generated by the nation's 450 dams [BEN, 2005], which explains why Brazilian power generation is cleaner with regard to local pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions. On the other hand, such hydropower dependency not only has led to significant negative impacts on Brazil's rivers and river-based communities, but also makes the country vulnerable to energy shortages from droughts, which are projected to increase due to climate change.\n\nOfficial estimates suggest that under a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario, Brazil's electricity demand will grow by about 5 % a year over the next 15 years, as energy-intensive industries develop and consumer demand increases, meaning that the country will need to more than double its existing capacity by 2020. At the last auction for new power plants, held in December 2005, Brazil started to increase its consumption of fossil fuels. On that occasion, coal-, oil- and natural gas-fired plants were contracted to supply 70 % of the 3,286 megawatts (MW) of the auctioned electric power.\n\nThis study presents the view that with more aggressive policies for reducing power waste both at the production and consumption level and promoting new renewable energy, Brazil could cut by 38 % the projected power demand growth by 2020 - equal to a saving of 293 TWh, avoiding 74.6 GW of installed capacity and saving of US$ 15 billion. In turn, this would create up to 8 million new jobs and stabilise Brazil's carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions to 2004 levels by 2020.\n\nThe major challenge for policy-makers will be in designing and stimulating an effective market and implementation programmes for energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies in order to accomplish such ambitious results presented in the study. Therefore, the study proposes nine broad public policies that are necessary to meet these targets.", "publicationTitle": "Energy for Sustainable Development", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "December 2006", "volume": "10", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "14-24", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Energy for Sustainable Development", "DOI": "10.1016/S0973-0826(08)60552-9", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0973082608605529", "accessDate": "2014-09-19T14:36:37Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0973-0826", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-19T14:36:37Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-19T14:36:37Z" } }, { "key": "EF6TI99S", "version": 13, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 288906, "name": "Hydropower in Brazil", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_in_brazil", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/288906/items/EF6TI99S", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_in_brazil/items/EF6TI99S", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Santos et al.", "parsedDate": "2012-03-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "EF6TI99S", "version": 13, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Changes in the flood regime of São Francisco River (Brazil) from 1940 to 2006", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Hersília de Andrade e", "lastName": "Santos" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Paulo dos Santos", "lastName": "Pompeu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Danilo Okuma Lessa", "lastName": "Kenji" } ], "abstractNote": "Flow regulation causes various environmental impacts in the downstream reaches of impounded rivers. The São Francisco River (SF) basin is Brazil’s third most important watershed. Several dams have been built in its course in the last four decades, mostly for flow regulation and hydropower generation. This paper presents an evaluation of historical changes in the flood regime. Three regions of the SF River basin, which are under the influence of different levels of regulation, were studied: the lower, middle, and upper SF River. The components of magnitude, frequency, and duration of floods were quantified for each region from 1940 to 1960 (prior to the construction of the first dam) and from 1986 to 2006 (after the last dam). The results have shown the inexistence of big floods in the downstream areas, decreasing durations of small floods as well as significant changes in the annual seasonality of floods. Reductions in the flood frequency were verified in all stretches, even in non-regulated systems, such as the lower Velhas River. The climate variation, which occurred in both period, was not able to explain the changes in the flood regime of São Francisco River; therefore, dams and other anthropogenic activity are the main factors promoting the temporal variability of streamflows in the São Francisco basin.", "publicationTitle": "Regional Environmental Change", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2012/03/01", "volume": "12", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "123-132", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Reg Environ Change", "DOI": "10.1007/s10113-011-0240-y", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10113-011-0240-y", "accessDate": "2014-09-19T14:34:45Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1436-3798, 1436-378X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "link.springer.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Climate Change", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Environmental flows", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Flood frequency", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Flow regulation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Geography (general)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Geology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Nature Conservation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Oceanography", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Regional/Spatial Science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sao Francisco River", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Velhas River", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-19T14:34:45Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-19T14:34:45Z" } }, { "key": "AECF9VKA", "version": 12, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 288906, "name": "Hydropower in Brazil", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_in_brazil", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/288906/items/AECF9VKA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_in_brazil/items/AECF9VKA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "von Sperling", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "AECF9VKA", "version": 12, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Hydropower in Brazil: Overview of Positive and Negative Environmental Aspects", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Eduardo", "lastName": "von Sperling" } ], "abstractNote": "Brazil is a country where the use of hydroelectric power for energy generation reaches the impressing amount of 70% in terms of electricity consumption, whereas the world average is around 16%. The current installed capacity in Brazil is approximately 114 GW, with an estimated total potential of 260 GW. The construction of reservoirs is associated with several environmental impacts, both of positive and negative nature. In the first group the most relevant are: energy production, employment generation, enhancement of water quality in the transformation from lotic to lentic ecosystems (turbidity reduction, higher water transparency, nutrients sedimentation and decreasing of eutrophication processes downstream), expansion of working posts offer during the construction of power plants; supply of reliable low cost energy to the region and substitution of diesel based thermoelectric generation by hydroelectric generation. The main impacts of negative nature are changes in water quality, people relocation, changes in the structure of the aquatic community, loss of genetic patrimony (flora and fauna), slopes destabilization and climatic alterations, including those related to the emission of greenhouse gases. In this sense several researches are currently being carried out in the country with the aim of quantifying the main emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O. Eutrophication processes may also be developed in inundated areas, leading to the eventual presence of cyanobacteria. These organisms pose a special concern to Brazilian health authorities, since this was the first country to report human deaths caused by cyanotoxins (city of Caruaru, 1996). Another relevant aspect related with dams design is the possible creation of the so-called low flow reaches, downstream the reservoir. These river stretches should be kept with a minimum water flow (ecological flow), whose sound calculation is still subjected to some uncertainties. The paper presents a balance of the positive and negative environmental aspects of the construction and operation of hydroelectric reservoirs based on the large experience accumulated through research and consulting projects developed at Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.", "publicationTitle": "Energy Procedia", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2012", "volume": "18", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "110-118", "series": "Terragreen 2012: Clean Energy Solutions for Sustainable Environment (CESSE)", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Energy Procedia", "DOI": "10.1016/j.egypro.2012.05.023", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187661021200793X", "accessDate": "2014-09-19T14:33:55Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1876-6102", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Hydropower in Brazil", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Hydrpower", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "environmental impacts", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "water quality", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-19T14:33:55Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-19T14:33:55Z" } }, { "key": "GBH3QJMD", "version": 11, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 288906, "name": "Hydropower in Brazil", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_in_brazil", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/288906/items/GBH3QJMD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_in_brazil/items/GBH3QJMD", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Barroso et al.", "parsedDate": "2006-07", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "GBH3QJMD", "version": 11, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Creating harmony in South America", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L.A", "lastName": "Barroso" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Mocarquer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H.", "lastName": "Rudnick" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T.", "lastName": "Castro" } ], "abstractNote": "South America is looking for ways to harmonize power supply expansion with growing environmental concerns as electricity demand increases at a fast pace. While South America contributed little to the world's total pollutant emissions, societies are increasingly becoming aware of the impact that new hydropower plants or fossil-burning thermal generators have. And the \"not in my backyard\" syndrome, typical of developed countries, is also gaining strength in the region. Private investors leading key investment decisions in the reformed South American power sectors are facing organized opposition to the building of new plants. Brazil and Chile provide two examples of how countries are trying to reconcile the need for abundant energy supply with environmental constraints", "publicationTitle": "IEEE Power and Energy Magazine", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "July 2006", "volume": "4", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "32-46", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1109/MPAE.2006.1657718", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1540-7977", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "IEEE Xplore", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Brazil", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Chile", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Electricity supply industry", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Energy consumption", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Environmental Management", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Hydroelectric power generation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Investments", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Natural gas", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Petroleum", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Power supplies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "South America", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Thermal pollution", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "electricity demand", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "electricity market", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "energy development", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "environmental challenges", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "environmental constraints", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "fossil-burning thermal generators", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "hydroelectric power stations", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "hydropower plants", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "investment", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "investment decisions", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "not in my backyard syndrome", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "power generation economics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "power markets", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "power sectors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "power supply expansion", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "power supply quality", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "power system harmonics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "steam power stations", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "total pollutant emissions", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-19T14:31:52Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-19T14:31:52Z" } }, { "key": "IEFE2MM5", "version": 10, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 288906, "name": "Hydropower in Brazil", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_in_brazil", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/288906/items/IEFE2MM5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_in_brazil/items/IEFE2MM5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Caetano de Souza", "parsedDate": "2008-09", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "IEFE2MM5", "version": 10, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Assessment and statistics of Brazilian hydroelectric power plants: Dam areas versus installed and firm power", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Antonio Carlos", "lastName": "Caetano de Souza" } ], "abstractNote": "The Brazilian relief, predominantly composed by small mountains and plateaus, contributed to formation of rivers with high amount of falls. With exception to North-eastern Brazil, the climate of this country are rainy, which contributes to maintain water flows high. These elements are essential to a high hydroelectric potential, contributing to the choice of hydroelectric power plants as the main technology of electricity generation in Brazil. Though this is a renewable source, whose utilized resource is free, dams must to be established which generates a high environmental and social impact. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact caused by these dams through the use of environmental indexes. These indexes are ratio formed by installed power with dam area of a hydro power plant, and ratio formed by firm power with this dam area. In this study, the greatest media values were found in South, Southeast, and Northeast regions respectively, and the smallest media values were found in North and Mid-West regions, respectively. The greatest encountered media indexes were also found in dams established in the 1950s. In the last six decades, the smallest indexes were registered by dams established in the 1980s. These indexes could be utilized as important instruments for environmental impact assessments, and could enable a dam to be established that depletes an ecosystem as less as possible.", "publicationTitle": "Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "September 2008", "volume": "12", "issue": "7", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1843-1863", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews", "DOI": "10.1016/j.rser.2007.04.005", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032107000536", "accessDate": "2014-09-19T14:31:07Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1364-0321", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Assessment and statistics of Brazilian hydroelectric power plants", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Brazil", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Dam area", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Environmental index", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Hydroelectric power plants", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-19T14:31:07Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-19T14:31:07Z" } }, { "key": "K2SP5IGK", "version": 9, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 288906, "name": "Hydropower in Brazil", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_in_brazil", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/288906/items/K2SP5IGK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_in_brazil/items/K2SP5IGK", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Tundisi et al.", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "K2SP5IGK", "version": 9, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "How many more dams in the Amazon?", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J. G.", "lastName": "Tundisi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Goldemberg" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T.", "lastName": "Matsumura-Tundisi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A. C. F.", "lastName": "Saraiva" } ], "abstractNote": "The Amazon watershed harbors a megadiversity of terrestrial and aquatic plants and animals. Mechanisms that sustain this biodiversity are the water level fluctuations the fluvial dynamics and the intense gene flux due to permanent integration of climatological, geomorphological and biological components of the system. The construction of hydroelectric reservoirs to support economic development of Brazil and other countries that share the Amazon basin will interfere with the ecological dynamics of this ecosystem changing the hydrological, hydrosocial and fundamental processes. Furthermore the construction of Andean reservoirs can disrupt the connectivity with the lower Amazon ecosystem. Principles of ecohydrologies, ecological engineering and preservation of key river basins, have to be applied in order to optimize energy production and promote conservation practices. Long term planning and integration of countries that share the Amazon basin is a strategic decision to control and develop the hydropower exploitation in the region.", "publicationTitle": "Energy Policy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Energy Policy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.enpol.2014.07.013", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421514004170", "accessDate": "2014-09-18T17:55:13Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0301-4215", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Amazon", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Andean reservoirs", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Biodiversity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Economic development", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Energy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Hydroelectricity", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-18T17:55:13Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-18T17:55:13Z" } }, { "key": "UIRFGSQX", "version": 8, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 288906, "name": "Hydropower in Brazil", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_in_brazil", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/288906/items/UIRFGSQX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_in_brazil/items/UIRFGSQX", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Tiago Filho et al.", "parsedDate": "2011-10", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "UIRFGSQX", "version": 8, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Analysis of Brazilian SHP policy and its regulation scenario", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Geraldo Lúcio", "lastName": "Tiago Filho" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Camila Rocha", "lastName": "Galhardo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Adriana", "lastName": "de Cássia Barbosa" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Regina Mambeli", "lastName": "Barros" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Fernando das Graças Braga", "lastName": "da Silva" } ], "abstractNote": "This article presents the main regulatory changes that occurred in the Brazilian power sector in 2009, along with the impacts these changes caused on the market, especially related to small hydropower (<30 MW). This study addresses regulatory issues based on inventory studies and records of basic projects, changes related to the compensation of the assured energy of SHPs in the Brazilian energy reallocation market, the socio-economic impact resulting from the construction of SHPs, SHPs in alternative resource auctions and finally the general outlook for the growth scenario for SHPs in Brazil according to the ten-year plan (2010–2019). The overall conclusions of this investigation were that the 2008/2009 biennium was a period of great changes in the regulation of small hydropower plants in Brazil, and the SHP market has shown maturity. Additionally, despite SHP being a type of technology that is completely dominated by domestic industry, in recent years, they have experienced policy disincentives caused by changes to rules that inhibit their growth.", "publicationTitle": "Energy Policy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "October 2011", "volume": "39", "issue": "10", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "6689-6697", "series": "Sustainability of biofuels", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Energy Policy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.enpol.2011.07.001", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421511005246", "accessDate": "2014-09-18T17:53:32Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0301-4215", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Energy Market", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Legislation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Regulation", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-18T17:53:32Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-18T17:53:32Z" } }, { "key": "VSXMFIE3", "version": 7, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 288906, "name": "Hydropower in Brazil", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_in_brazil", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/288906/items/VSXMFIE3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_in_brazil/items/VSXMFIE3", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Gunkel et al.", "parsedDate": "2003-09-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "VSXMFIE3", "version": 7, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The environmental and operational impacts of Curuá-Una, a reservoir in the Amazon region of Pará, Brazil", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Günter", "lastName": "Gunkel" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Uwe", "lastName": "Lange" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Detlef", "lastName": "Walde" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "João W. C.", "lastName": "Rosa" } ], "abstractNote": "An increasing demand for electrical power can be observed in the Amazon region. Although hydropower is the main source of energy production, only a few reservoirs have been built. In view of the significant energy deficit, the construction of new reservoirs certainly merits serious consideration. However, reservoir construction has significant impacts on natural water systems. The environmental effects of reservoirs in the northern hemisphere have been well-documented but little is known about those in the Amazon area. Therefore, we studied Curuá-Una, a 23 year-old reservoir in the Amazon region, to evaluate developments in the catchment area and aquatic ecosystem, as well as dam use. The long-range environmental effects of the reservoir included deforestation in the watershed, erosion and the introduction of new land and water-borne diseases. Human migration and settlement was another significant consequence. New results of soil damage analysis are presented, illustrating a large export of iron and mercury from the system. The dam had several detrimental effects on the aquatic ecosystem, including enhanced eutrophication, inhibited decay of inundated vegetation and increased iron corrosion of electromechanical equipment related to the accumulation of iron in the water. The main downstream effect of the dam was the prevention of fish migration.", "publicationTitle": "Lakes & Reservoirs: Research & Management", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "September 1, 2003", "volume": "8", "issue": "3-4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "201-216", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1111/j.1440-1770.2003.00227.x", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1440-1770.2003.00227.x/abstract", "accessDate": "2014-09-18T17:52:15Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1440-1770", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Amazon", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Curuá-Una", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Environmental impact", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "dam", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "deforestation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "iron", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "mercury", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "reservoir", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-18T17:52:15Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-18T17:52:15Z" } }, { "key": "NANW5PDU", "version": 6, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 288906, "name": "Hydropower in Brazil", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_in_brazil", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/288906/items/NANW5PDU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_in_brazil/items/NANW5PDU", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Fearnside", "parsedDate": "2014-04", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "NANW5PDU", "version": 6, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Impacts of Brazil's Madeira River Dams: Unlearned lessons for hydroelectric development in Amazonia", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Philip M.", "lastName": "Fearnside" } ], "abstractNote": "The Santo Antônio and Jirau dams, under construction on the Madeira River, will have significant impacts, including flooding in Bolivia due to the Jirau reservoir's backwater stretch. The reservoirs eliminate natural ecosystems, and the dams block fish migration affecting both biodiversity and commercial production, especially of the giant catfish of the Madeira River that are important resources in Bolivia and Peru as well as Brazil. Changes in flooding regimes in downstream várzea (floodplain) lakes will also affect fisheries. Mercury methylation and greenhouse-gas emissions are additional problems. The reservoirs form part of a planned series of waterways that, if completed, would open large areas in Bolivian Amazonia to soybeans, thus stimulating deforestation. The dams have significant social impacts, including displacing riverside population and eliminating livelihoods from fishing. Despite the technical staff responsible for environmental licensing having submitted a formal opinion considering these concerns to be exceedingly serious and insufficiently studied to authorize dam construction, political appointees approved the licenses. The Madeira Dams offer important lessons for environmental control in Brazil and in many other countries facing similar challenges.", "publicationTitle": "Environmental Science & Policy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "April 2014", "volume": "38", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "164-172", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Environmental Science & Policy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.envsci.2013.11.004", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1462901113002724", "accessDate": "2014-09-18T17:49:41Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1462-9011", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Impacts of Brazil's Madeira River Dams", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Dams", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Environmental impact assessment", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Global warming", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Hydropower", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Jirau Dam", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Santo Antônio Dam", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-18T17:49:41Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-18T17:49:41Z" } }, { "key": "VMA26PJD", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 288906, "name": "Hydropower in Brazil", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_in_brazil", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/288906/items/VMA26PJD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_in_brazil/items/VMA26PJD", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Fearnside", "parsedDate": "2006-07-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "VMA26PJD", "version": 5, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Dams in the Amazon: Belo Monte and Brazil’s Hydroelectric Development of the Xingu River Basin", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Phillip M.", "lastName": "Fearnside" } ], "abstractNote": "Hydroelectric dams represent major investments and major sources of environmental and social impacts. Powerful forces surround the decision-making process on public investments in the various options for the generation and conservation of electricity. Brazil’s proposed Belo Monte Dam (formerly Kararaô) and its upstream counterpart, the Altamira Dam (better known by its former name of Babaquara) are at the center of controversies on the decision-making process for major infrastructure projects in Amazonia. The Belo Monte Dam by itself would have a small reservoir area (440 km2) and large installed capacity (11, 181.3 MW), but the Altamira/Babaquara Dam that would regulate the flow of the Xingu River (thereby increasing power generation at Belo Monte) would flood a vast area (6140 km2). The great impact of dams provides a powerful reason for Brazil to reassess its current policies that allocate large amounts of energy in the country’s national grid to subsidized aluminum smelting for export. The case of Belo Monte and the five additional dams planned upstream (including the Altamira/Babaquara Dam) indicate the need for Brazil to reform its environmental assessment and licensing system to include the impacts of multiple interdependent projects.", "publicationTitle": "Environmental Management", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2006/07/01", "volume": "38", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "16-27", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Environmental Management", "DOI": "10.1007/s00267-005-0113-6", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00267-005-0113-6", "accessDate": "2014-09-18T17:48:46Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0364-152X, 1432-1009", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Dams in the Amazon", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "link.springer.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Altamira Dam", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Amazonia", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Babaquara", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Belo Monte", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Brazil", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Dams", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "EIA", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Ecology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Environmental Management", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Environmental impact", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Forestry Management", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Hydroelectric dams", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Hydropower", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Nature Conservation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Reservoirs", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Waste Water Technology / Water Pollution Control / Water Management / Aquatic Pollution", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Xingu River", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-18T17:48:46Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-18T17:48:46Z" } }, { "key": "42ZJVS34", "version": 4, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 288906, "name": "Hydropower in Brazil", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_in_brazil", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/288906/items/42ZJVS34", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_in_brazil/items/42ZJVS34", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "42ZJVS34", "version": 4, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Large Hydropower Plants of Brazil - Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences/Comprehensive Renewable Energy - 6.04", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780080878720006077", "accessDate": "2014-09-18T17:46:18Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-18T17:46:18Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-18T17:46:18Z" } }, { "key": "HB29H6QJ", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 288906, "name": "Hydropower in Brazil", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_in_brazil", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/288906/items/HB29H6QJ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_in_brazil/items/HB29H6QJ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Manyari and de Carvalho Jr.", "parsedDate": "2007-12", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "HB29H6QJ", "version": 3, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Environmental considerations in energy planning for the Amazon region: Downstream effects of dams", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Waleska Valença", "lastName": "Manyari" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Osmar Abilio", "lastName": "de Carvalho Jr." } ], "abstractNote": "The most salient current feature of the electric energy sector in Brazil is the pressing need for expansion. In this context, the hydroelectric resources of the Amazon region are considered a competitive alternative despite the structural problems they entail. These include reliance of new investments and environmental restrictions. Concerning the latter, plans to build large-scale dams in the region have drawn criticism mainly on account of the loss of forest cover in areas flooded by dam reservoirs and the conflicts concerning the relocation of indigenous and riverside communities in the region. This article seeks to contribute to better understanding of the environmental issue in the Amazon by focusing attention on the downstream effects of dams, which have large-scale, hitherto neglected ecological repercussions. The impact of dams extends well beyond the area surrounding the artificial lakes they create, harming rich Amazon wetland ecosystems. The morphology of dammed rivers changes in response to new inputs of energy and matter, which may in turn destroy certain biotopes. This is a remote-sensing-based case study of the Tucuruí hydroelectric scheme in the Amazon state of Pará. Attention is drawn to the need to take into account effects on alluvial rivers downstream from hydroelectric power plants when it comes to making planning decisions, as part of a sustainable energy policy.", "publicationTitle": "Energy Policy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "December 2007", "volume": "35", "issue": "12", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "6526-6534", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Energy Policy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.enpol.2007.07.031", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421507003382", "accessDate": "2014-09-18T17:41:18Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0301-4215", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Environmental considerations in energy planning for the Amazon region", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Amazon region", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Downstream environmental impacts", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Hydroelectric power plant", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-18T17:41:18Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-18T17:41:18Z" } }, { "key": "BEIIVJR6", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 288906, "name": "Hydropower in Brazil", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_in_brazil", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/288906/items/BEIIVJR6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hydropower_in_brazil/items/BEIIVJR6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BEIIVJR6", "version": 2, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Amazon and the expansion of hydropower in Brazil: Vulnerability, impacts and possibilities for adaptation to global climate change", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032111001432", "accessDate": "2014-09-18T17:40:40Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-18T17:40:40Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-18T17:40:40Z" } } ]