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Teaching was an attractive profession to the daughters of immigrants. It provided status, security, was compatible with marriage, and licenses did not require expensive training. In the interwar years, Jewish women in New York entered teaching in large and unprecedented numbers. In fact, by 1960 the majority of all New York teachers were Jewish women. By interviewing sixty-one retired teachers, Ruth Markowitz re-created their lives and the far-reaching influence they had on public education.These women faced many barriers--from lack of parental and financial support to discrimination--as they pursued their educations. Those women who completed their training still had difficulty finding teaching positions, especially during the Depression. Once hired, the teachers' days were filled with overcrowded classes, improperly maintained facilities, enormous amounts of paperwork, few free periods, and countless extracurricular obligations. They also found themselves providing social services; Markowitz finds a large number of teachers who took a special interest in minority children.The teachers Markowitz interviewed often agree with the assessment others have made that the 1930s were in their own way a golden age in the schools. The retired teachers remember the difficult times, but also their love of teaching and the difference they made in the classrooms. Their energy, initiative, and drive will help inspire teachers today, who face the serious problems of drugs, teenage pregnancy, and violence in their classrooms.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "1993", "publisher": "Rutgers University Press", "place": "New Brunswick", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "240", "ISBN": "978-0-8135-1975-3", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "markowitzMyDaughterTeacher1993", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "My Daughter, the Teacher", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "Amazon.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-10T21:32:29Z", "dateModified": "2016-11-15T17:25:44Z" } }, { "key": "TB3H947M", "version": 42, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 286857, "name": "American Jewish History", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/american_jewish_history", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/286857/items/TB3H947M", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/american_jewish_history/items/TB3H947M", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 320972, "username": "aykelman", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/aykelman", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kelner", "parsedDate": "2012-01-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "TB3H947M", "version": 42, "itemType": "book", "title": "Tours That Bind: Diaspora, Pilgrimage, and Israeli Birthright Tourism", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Shaul", "lastName": "Kelner" } ], "abstractNote": "Since 1999 hundreds of thousands of young American Jews have visited Israel on an all-expense-paid 10-day pilgrimage-tour known as Birthright Israel. The most elaborate of the state-supported homeland tours that are cropping up all over the world, this tour seeks to foster in the American Jewish diaspora a lifelong sense of attachment to Israel based on ethnic and political solidarity. Over a half-billion dollars (and counting) has been spent cultivating this attachment, and despite 9/11 and the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict the tours are still going strong. Based on over seven years of first-hand observation in modern day Israel, Shaul Kelner provides an on-the-ground look at this hotly debated and widely emulated use of tourism to forge transnational ties. We ride the bus, attend speeches with the Prime Minister, hang out in the hotel bar, and get a fresh feel for young American Jewish identity and contemporary Israel. We see how tourism's dynamism coupled with the vibrant human agency of the individual tourists inevitably complicate tour leaders' efforts to rein tourism in and bring it under control. By looking at the broader meaning of tourism, Kelner brings to light the contradictions inherent in the tours and the ways that people understandtheir relationship to place both materially and symbolically. Rich in detail, engagingly written, and sensitive to the complexities of modern travel and modern diaspora Jewishness, Tours that Bind offers a new way of thinking about tourism as a way through which people develop understandings of place, society, and self.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "Reprint edition", "date": "January 1, 2012", "publisher": "NYU Press", "place": "New York; Chesham", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "292", "ISBN": "978-0-8147-4817-6", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "kelnerToursThatBind2012", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Tours That Bind", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "Amazon.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-11-06T21:21:35Z", "dateModified": "2014-11-06T21:21:35Z" } }, { "key": "86ESUDFM", "version": 40, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 286857, "name": "American Jewish History", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/american_jewish_history", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/286857/items/86ESUDFM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/american_jewish_history/items/86ESUDFM", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/286857/items/TB3H947M", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 320972, "username": "aykelman", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/aykelman", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "86ESUDFM", "version": 40, "parentItem": "TB3H947M", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Amazon.com Link", "accessDate": "2014-11-06T21:21:35Z", "url": 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"1900-07-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "ZTBGSEMK", "version": 42, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Jewish Sunday School Movement in the United States", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Julia", "lastName": "Richman" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "The Jewish Quarterly Review", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "July 1, 1900", "volume": "12", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "563-601", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "The Jewish Quarterly Review", "DOI": "10.2307/1450693", "citationKey": "richmanJewishSundaySchool1900", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/1450693", "accessDate": "2014-11-06T18:37:48Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0021-6682", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "JSTOR", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, 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"F6MC4AWR", "version": 42, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "America, Mordecai Kaplan, and the Postwar Jewish Youth Revolt", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Riv-Ellen", "lastName": "Prell" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Jewish Social Studies", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2006", "volume": "12", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "158-171", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "prellAmericaMordecaiKaplan2006", "url": "http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/jewish_social_studies/v012/12.2prell.html", "accessDate": "2014-11-05T00:32:02Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1527-2028", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Project MUSE", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "

Volume 12, Number 2, Winter 2006 (New Series)

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Yet one of the most important stories in America's struggle to overcome ethnic and religious hatred has gone largely untold. From the Depression to the late 1960s Jewish organizations -- working as the leaders in a broadly based social and political movement -- waged a determined campaign to eliminate all forms of discrimination and prejudice from American society. Stuart Svonkin delves into the archival records of America's three major Jewish defense groups -- the American Jewish Committee, the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, and the American Jewish Congress -- to offer the first comprehensive account of organized Jewish political activism against bigotry and for human rights. Jews Against Prejudice chronicles American Jewry's political ascendance, from the era before World War II, when Jewish defense groups first organized to fight mass anti-Semitism, to their emergence as the leaders of a liberal movement determined to address the nation's most pressing political and social problems. Svonkin explores the impact that these Jewish groups had in the fight against racial and ethnic stereotypes. Beginning in World War II Jewish social scientists and other intellectuals began a concentrated effort to investigate the social and psychological bases of prejudicial attitudes, outlooks, and behavior. By the end of the war these social scientists became convinced that all forms of prejudice, including anti-Semitism, shared the same social and psychological causes, which, if discovered, could be successfully treated and eliminated. For over twenty years Jewish intellectuals and activists worked hand in hand to formulate practical programs to combat prejudice. They pioneered tactics -- including educational programs in the schools, appeals for tolerance broadcast through the mass media, and legal challenges in the courts -- that remain among the principal weapons of today's civil rights activists. Svonkin shows how ideology and the shifting models of prejudice greatly influenced the means that each Jewish group used in its fight against bigotry and racism. He considers the far-reaching effects of anticommunism in the 1950s and early 1960s, when Jewish political groups moved to support liberal anticommunism as well as to oppose the demagoguery of such figures as Senator Joseph McCarthy and the leaders of the John Birch Society. Exploring the tensions between American and Jewish identities, Svonkin argues that the revelations of the Eichmann Trial, the growing concern over Israel's security, and the persistence of anti-Semitism all shaped Jewish activism -- driving the shift from the universalistic liberalism of the 1940s and 1950s to the cultural assertion and political neoconservatism of the late 1960s.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "September 15, 1997", "publisher": "Columbia University Press", "place": "New York", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "364", "ISBN": "978-0-231-10638-2", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "svonkinJewsPrejudice1997", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "Amazon.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-11-05T00:30:16Z", "dateModified": "2014-11-05T00:30:16Z" } }, { "key": "2BUPKNIU", "version": 37, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 286857, "name": "American Jewish History", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/american_jewish_history", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/286857/items/2BUPKNIU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/american_jewish_history/items/2BUPKNIU", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/286857/items/5EN3TEE4", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 320972, "username": "aykelman", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/aykelman", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "2BUPKNIU", "version": 37, "parentItem": "5EN3TEE4", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Amazon.com Link", "accessDate": "2014-11-05T00:30:16Z", "url": "http://www.amazon.com/Jews-Against-Prejudice-Stuart-Svonkin/dp/0231106386/ref=pd_sim_b_23?ie=UTF8&refRID=05BVZANW8DDQVGX16SFD", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-11-05T00:30:16Z", "dateModified": "2014-11-05T00:30:16Z" } }, { "key": "WBXVKCAX", "version": 42, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 286857, "name": "American Jewish History", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/american_jewish_history", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/286857/items/WBXVKCAX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/american_jewish_history/items/WBXVKCAX", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 320972, "username": "aykelman", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/aykelman", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Berman", "parsedDate": "2009-03-10", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "WBXVKCAX", "version": 42, "itemType": "book", "title": "Speaking of Jews: Rabbis, Intellectuals, and the Creation of an American Public Identity", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lila Corwin", "lastName": "Berman" } ], "abstractNote": "Lila Corwin Berman asks why, over the course of the twentieth century, American Jews became increasingly fascinated, even obsessed, with explaining themselves to their non-Jewish neighbors. What she discovers is that language itself became a crucial tool for Jewish group survival and integration into American life. Berman investigates a wide range of sources—radio and television broadcasts, bestselling books, sociological studies, debates about Jewish marriage and intermarriage, Jewish missionary work, and more—to reveal how rabbis, intellectuals, and others created a seemingly endless array of explanations about why Jews were indispensable to American life. 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The movement, founded in the 1880s, was dominated by Russian-speaking intellectuals, including Abraham Cahan, Mikhail Zametkin, and Chaim Zhitlovsky. Socialist leaders quickly found Yiddish essential to convey their message to the Jewish immigrant community, and they developed a remarkable public culture through lectures and social events, workers' education societies, Yiddish schools, and a press that found its strongest voice in the mass-circulation newspaper Forverts. Arguing against the view that socialism and Yiddish culture arrived as Old World holdovers, Michels demonstrates that they arose in New York in response to local conditions and thrived not despite Americanization, but because of it. And the influence of the movement swirled far beyond the Lower East Side, to a transnational culture in which individuals, ideas, and institutions crossed the Atlantic. New York Jews, in the beginning, exported Yiddish socialism to Russia, not the other way around. The Yiddish socialist movement shaped Jewish communities across the United States well into the twentieth century and left an important political legacy that extends to the rise of neoconservatism. A story of hopeful successes and bitter disappointments, A Fire in Their Hearts brings to vivid life this formative period for American Jews and the American left.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "May 15, 2009", "publisher": "Harvard University Press", "place": "Cambridge, Mass.; London", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "352", "ISBN": "978-0-674-03243-9", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "michelsFireTheirHearts2009", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "A Fire in Their Hearts", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "Amazon.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-11-05T00:25:07Z", "dateModified": "2014-11-05T00:25:07Z" } }, { "key": "V23SNGIF", "version": 35, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 286857, "name": "American Jewish History", 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and meeting the needs of Jews in a changing social and religious environment. David Kaufman's fascinating examination shows how a quintessentially American institution -- the \"synagogue-center\" -- evolved into the primary locus of Jewish identification in this country. This study encompasses social, religious, architectural, and American Jewish history to clarify the synagogue-center's many roles: as service agency, communal gathering place, unifying symbol, and sectarian institution fostering Jewish culture and education. But Kaufman also shows that as a unique amalgam of the religious and the secular, these centers embody a basic duality of American Jewish identity, a fundamental tension between Jews who see themselves primarily as members of a religious faith, and those who define themselves in more sociopolitical terms, that is, as nationality, as ethnic group, as \"a people.\" By presenting itself as an alternative to the traditional synagogue, the synagogue-center serves as an historic departure in the construction of Jewish community and remains one of the most significant innovations of American Judaism.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "January 15, 1999", "publisher": "Brandeis", "place": "Hanover, NH", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "349", "ISBN": "978-0-87451-893-1", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "kaufmanShulPoolSynagogueCenter1999", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Shul with a Pool", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "Amazon.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-10T21:44:36Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-10T21:44:36Z" } }, { "key": "9V36SG3W", "version": 32, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 286857, "name": "American Jewish History", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/american_jewish_history", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/286857/items/9V36SG3W", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/american_jewish_history/items/9V36SG3W", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/286857/items/AA4NCDZR", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 320972, "username": "aykelman", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/aykelman", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "9V36SG3W", "version": 32, "parentItem": "AA4NCDZR", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Amazon.com Link", "accessDate": "2014-09-10T21:44:36Z", "url": "http://www.amazon.com/Shul-Pool-Synagogue-Center-American-Brandeis/dp/0874518938/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1410385463&sr=1-1&keywords=shul+with+a+pool", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-10T21:44:36Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-10T21:44:36Z" } }, { "key": "V9JTCNVE", "version": 42, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 286857, "name": "American Jewish History", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/american_jewish_history", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/286857/items/V9JTCNVE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/american_jewish_history/items/V9JTCNVE", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 320972, "username": "aykelman", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/aykelman", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hoberman", "parsedDate": "2011-10-31", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "V9JTCNVE", "version": 42, "itemType": "book", "title": "New Israel / New England: Jews and Puritans in Early America", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michael", "lastName": "Hoberman" } ], "abstractNote": "The New England Puritans' fascination with the legacy of the Jewish religion has been well documented, but their interactions with actual Jews have escaped sustained historical attention. New Israel/New England tells the story of the Sephardic merchants who traded and sojourned in Boston and Newport between the mid-seventeenth century and the era of the American Revolution. It also explores the complex and often contradictory meanings that the Puritans attached to Judaism and the fraught attitudes that they bore toward the Jews as a people.More often than not, Michael Hoberman shows, Puritans thought and wrote about Jews in order to resolve their own theological and cultural dilemmas. A number of prominent New Englanders, including Roger Williams, Increase Mather, Samuel Sewall, Benjamin Colman, Cotton Mather, Jonathan Edwards, and Ezra Stiles, wrote extensively about post-biblical Jews, in some cases drawing on their own personal acquaintance with Jewish contemporaries.Among the intriguing episodes that Hoberman investigates is the recruitment and conversion of Harvard's first permanent instructor of Hebrew, the Jewish-born Judah Monis. 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