[ { "key": "S3DX65I5", "version": 16, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 286745, "name": "PV Electric Vehicle Charging", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pv_electric_vehicle_charging", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/286745/items/S3DX65I5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pv_electric_vehicle_charging/items/S3DX65I5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Taylor et al.", "parsedDate": "2011-07", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "S3DX65I5", "version": 16, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "Distribution modeling requirements for integration of PV, PEV, and storage in a smart grid environment", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Taylor" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.W.", "lastName": "Smith" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.", "lastName": "Dugan" } ], "abstractNote": "Distributed resource adoption coupled with smart grid implementations is expected to significantly alter the nature of the distribution system. However, traditional distribution models and analysis techniques are not capable of capturing the relevant temporal and spatial characteristics associated these devices. As a result, new models and analyses are needed to permit distribution planners to access the potential benefits and impacts of these devices. In this paper, behavioral characteristics and modeling requirements of three emerging distributed technologies - solar photovoltaic (PV), plug-in electric vehicles (PEV), and energy storage devices - are discussed.", "proceedingsTitle": "2011 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting", "conferenceName": "2011 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "July 2011", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "1-6", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "10.1109/PES.2011.6038952", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "IEEE Xplore", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Batteries", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Data models", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Electric Power", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Electric Vehicle", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Integrated circuit modeling", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Load modeling", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "PEV integration", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "PV integration", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Plug-in Electric Vehicles", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Smart grids", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Vehicles", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Voltage Control", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "battery powered vehicles", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "dispersed storage and generation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "distributed resource adoption", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "distribution modeling requirements", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "distribution planners", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "distribution system", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "energy storage", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "energy storage devices", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "photovoltaic power systems", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "power distribution planning", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "power generation planning", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "smart grid environment", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "solar energy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "solar photovoltaic", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-11T14:54:24Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-11T14:54:24Z" } }, { "key": "UF373U6H", "version": 15, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 286745, "name": "PV Electric Vehicle Charging", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pv_electric_vehicle_charging", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/286745/items/UF373U6H", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pv_electric_vehicle_charging/items/UF373U6H", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Tulpule et al.", "parsedDate": "2013-08", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "UF373U6H", "version": 15, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Economic and environmental impacts of a PV powered workplace parking garage charging station", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Pinak J.", "lastName": "Tulpule" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Vincenzo", "lastName": "Marano" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stephen", "lastName": "Yurkovich" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Giorgio", "lastName": "Rizzoni" } ], "abstractNote": "Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and electric vehicles (EVs) have high potential for reducing fuel consumption and emissions, and for providing a way to utilize renewable energy sources for the transportation sector. On the other hand, charging millions of PEVs could overload the power grid, increase emissions and significantly alter economic characteristics. A day-time photovoltaic (PV) based, plug-in electric vehicle charging station located in a workplace parking garage is considered in this research. The results show the impact of PV based workplace charging on the economics and emissions from the power grid. An optimal charge scheduling strategy is compared with an uncontrolled charging case to perform the economics and emissions analysis. Two locations (Columbus, OH and Los Angeles, CA) are selected such that the analysis includes different scenarios of yearly variation of solar radiation and finance structure. A high fidelity hourly simulation model for energy economic analysis is developed considering different types of vehicles, statistical data for driving distances, parking time, installation cost, tax rebates and incentives. An incremental parking rate for accessing the charging facility is considered for economic analysis for the garage owner and the vehicle owner. The analysis is extended to consider the impact of carbon tax implementation on the driver economics and shows the feasibility of such PV based charging stations. Parametric analysis for different parking rates and installed capacities show (i) the feasibility of a PV based workplace charging facility, (ii) benefits to the vehicle owner and the garage owner, and (iii) the need for an optimal charging controller.", "publicationTitle": "Applied Energy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "August 2013", "volume": "108", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "323-332", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Applied Energy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.02.068", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261913001876", "accessDate": "2014-09-11T14:53:57Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0306-2619", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "DC microgrid", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Economic analysis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "PEV charging", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "PV based vehicle charging", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Solar carport", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-11T14:53:57Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-11T14:53:57Z" } }, { "key": "43IVXK9P", "version": 13, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 286745, "name": "PV Electric Vehicle Charging", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pv_electric_vehicle_charging", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/286745/items/43IVXK9P", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pv_electric_vehicle_charging/items/43IVXK9P", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Tulpule et al.", "parsedDate": "2011-05", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "43IVXK9P", "version": 13, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "Energy economic analysis of PV based charging station at workplace parking garage", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P.", "lastName": "Tulpule" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "V.", "lastName": "Marano" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Yurkovich" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G.", "lastName": "Rizzoni" } ], "abstractNote": "Plug-In Electric Vehicles (PEVs, whether hybrid or battery-only) are receiving a great deal of interest in the United States due to their energy efficiency, convenient and low-cost recharging capabilities and reduced use of petroleum. The impact of charging millions of PEVs from the power grid could be significant, in the form of increased loading of power plants, transmission and distribution lines, emissions, and economics. Some vehicles are parked during the day at workplace parking garages and can be charged from the solar energy using photovoltaic (PV) based charging facilities. The use of solar energy for charging helps to reduce the load and emissions from the power grid but also affects the cost of charging. Therefore, an energy economic analysis of PEV charging using PV panels at workplace parking garage is presented in this paper. Two locations (Columbus, OH and Los Angeles, CA) having different levels of yearly solar radiation and finance structure are considered and hourly energy analysis and cash flow analysis is performed with different types of vehicles, statistical data for driving distances, park time, etc, and all finances including tax rebates and incentives. A rate structure that charges an extra amount for accessing the charging facility is considered to analyze the economics of garage owner and the vehicle owner. The impact of this PV based workplace charging facility on emissions from power grid is also analyzed. This emission impact is combined with economic analysis for vehicle owner by considering carbon tax. The results of different parametric studies show the feasibility of a PV based charging facility and benefits to vehicle and garage owner.", "proceedingsTitle": "2011 IEEE Energytech", "conferenceName": "2011 IEEE Energytech", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 2011", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "1-6", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "10.1109/EnergyTech.2011.5948504", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "IEEE Xplore", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Carbon tax", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Electricity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Employment", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "PEV", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "PV based charging station", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "PV panels", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Plug-in Electric Vehicles", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Vehicles", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "air pollution control", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "battery powered vehicles", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cash flow analysis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "distribution lines", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "emission reduction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "energy economic analysis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "energy efficiency", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "load reduction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "low- cost recharging capability", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "photovoltaic based charging facility", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "photovoltaic power systems", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "power generation economics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "power grid", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "power grids", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "power plants", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "solar energy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "solar radiation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "workplace parking garage", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-10T19:37:24Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-10T19:37:24Z" } }, { "key": "QUKCGJS5", "version": 11, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 286745, "name": "PV Electric Vehicle Charging", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pv_electric_vehicle_charging", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/286745/items/QUKCGJS5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pv_electric_vehicle_charging/items/QUKCGJS5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Zhu et al.", "parsedDate": "2013", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "QUKCGJS5", "version": 11, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Optimal Charging Control for Plug-in Electric Vehicles in Smart Microgrids Fueled by Renewable Energy Sources", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Li", "lastName": "Zhu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "F. Richard", "lastName": "Yu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bin", "lastName": "Ning" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tao", "lastName": "Tang" } ], "abstractNote": "There is a growing interest in plug-in electric vehicles (EVs). Charging EVs from smart microgrids fueled by renewable energy resources is becoming a popular green approach. Although some works have been done on renewable energy sources and EVs in smart microgrids, the stochastic characteristics and the dynamic interplay between these two important green solutions should be carefully considered. Furthermore, one of the important performance metrics, service availability for EVs, is largely ignored in the existing works. In this article, we study the charging policies in smart microgrids with EVs and renewable energy sources. We analyze service availability under different charging policies. Based on the renewable energy sources states, battery states, and the number of charging EVs, an optimal charging policy is obtained to maximize the energy utilization with service availability constraints. We formulate the optimal charging problem as a stochastic decision process. Maximizing the energy utilization with service availability constraints is the objective in our model. Extensive simulation results are presented. It is illustrated that the proposed scheme can significantly improve the service availability for EVs in microgrids fueled by renewable energy sources.", "publicationTitle": "International Journal of Green Energy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2013", "volume": "10", "issue": "9", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1080/15435075.2012.727364", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1543-5075", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Primo", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Charging Controls", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Plug-in Electric Vehicles", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Smart Microgrids", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "renewable energy", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-10T15:49:29Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-10T15:49:29Z" } }, { "key": "DCTUANNU", "version": 10, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 286745, "name": "PV Electric Vehicle Charging", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pv_electric_vehicle_charging", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/286745/items/DCTUANNU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pv_electric_vehicle_charging/items/DCTUANNU", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Momber et al.", "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "DCTUANNU", "version": 10, "itemType": "report", "title": "Optimizing plug-in electric vehicle charging in interaction with a small office building", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ilan", "lastName": "Momber" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David", "lastName": "Dallinger" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sebastian", "lastName": "Beer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tomás", "lastName": "Gomez" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Martin", "lastName": "Wietschel" } ], "abstractNote": "This paper considers the integration of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) in micro-grids. Extending a theoretical framework for mobile storage connection, the economic analysis here turns to the interactions of commuters and their driving behavior with office buildings. An illustrative example for a real office building is reported. The chosen system includes solar thermal, photovoltaic, combined heat and power generation as well as an array of plug-in electric vehicles with a combined aggregated capaci-ty of 864 kWh. With the benefit-sharing mechanism proposed here and idea-lized circumstances, estimated cost savings of 5% are possible. Different pricing schemes were applied which include flat rates, demand charges, as well as hourly variable final customer tariffs and their effects on the operation of intermittent storage were revealed and examined in detail. Because the plug-in electric vehicle connection coincides with peak heat and electricity loads as well as solar radiation, it is possible to shift energy demand as desired in order to realize cost savings. --", "reportNumber": "S9/2011", "reportType": "Working Papers \"Sustainability and Innovation\"", "institution": "Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research (ISI)", "place": "", "date": "2011", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/zbwfisisi/s92011.htm", "accessDate": "2014-09-10T15:47:52Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "RePEc - Econpapers", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Battery storage", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Electric vehicles", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "building management systems", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "dispersed storage and generation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "load management", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "microgrid", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "optimization methods", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "power system economics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "road vehicle electric propulsion", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-10T15:47:52Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-10T15:47:52Z" } }, { "key": "TKNEZETM", "version": 9, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 286745, "name": "PV Electric Vehicle Charging", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pv_electric_vehicle_charging", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/286745/items/TKNEZETM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pv_electric_vehicle_charging/items/TKNEZETM", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Li et al.", "parsedDate": "2009-07", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "TKNEZETM", "version": 9, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "On the suitability of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) charging infrastructures based on wind and solar energy", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Xin", "lastName": "Li" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L. A C", "lastName": "Lopes" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.S.", "lastName": "Williamson" } ], "abstractNote": "Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are recently being widely touted as a viable alternative to conventional vehicles due to their environment friendly and energy-wise features. Assuming that moving into the future, a large number of PHEV users will exist, the overall influence of charging the on-board ESS is non-negligible. Instead of charging from grid, renewable energy, such as wind energy and solar energy, is a potential alternative. In this paper, a review of wind energy for PHEV is provided. Also, based on the photovoltaic potential of certain locations in Canada, the sizing of the PV panel, required for charging a PHEV, for operating in an all-electric mode for 40 miles daily, is discussed, as a case study. More importantly, scenario-based case studies based on different vehicle structures are carried out to evaluate the possibilities of reducing the costs. Finally, a comprehensive comparison is carried out to summarize the advantages from different points of view.", "proceedingsTitle": "IEEE Power Energy Society General Meeting, 2009. PES '09", "conferenceName": "IEEE Power Energy Society General Meeting, 2009. PES '09", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "July 2009", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "1-8", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "10.1109/PES.2009.5275171", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "IEEE Xplore", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Batteries", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Canada", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Charging", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Costs", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Electric vehicles", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Electronic switching systems", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fuels", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Petroleum", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Power electronics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "charging infrastructures", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "efficiency", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "electric propulsion", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "energy wise feature", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "environment friendly feature", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "hybrid electric vehicles", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "photovoltaic potential", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "plug-in hybrid electric vehicle", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "power grid", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "power grids", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "renewable energy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "renewable energy resources", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "solar energy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "solar power stations", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "wind energy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "wind power", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-10T15:44:25Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-10T15:44:25Z" } }, { "key": "JNRE2S7X", "version": 8, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 286745, "name": "PV Electric Vehicle Charging", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pv_electric_vehicle_charging", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/286745/items/JNRE2S7X", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pv_electric_vehicle_charging/items/JNRE2S7X", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ritte et al.", "parsedDate": "2012-10", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "JNRE2S7X", "version": 8, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "Modeling photovoltaic optimized charging of electric vehicles", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L.", "lastName": "Ritte" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Mischinger" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K.", "lastName": "Strunz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Eckstein" } ], "abstractNote": "When charged with renewable energy, electric vehicles can reduce the CO2 emissions of the transportation sector. As a result, the German government has set the target of one million electric vehicles by 2020. At the same time, it is predicted that renewable energies will contribute 35 % to the national energy consumption by 2020. Because photovoltaic systems can be connected to the same grid node as electric vehicles, they seem to be the first choice for charging electric vehicles with renewable energies. In this paper, the synergies between photovoltaic systems and electric vehicles will be analyzed from a technical as well as from an economic point of view. Specifically, a model has been developed in order to determine the amount of solar energy used by the electric vehicle, the grid load/feed-in and the cost savings for owners of an electric vehicle and a photovoltaic system.", "proceedingsTitle": "2012 3rd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT Europe)", "conferenceName": "2012 3rd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT Europe)", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "October 2012", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "1-8", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "10.1109/ISGTEurope.2012.6465792", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "IEEE Xplore", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Aging", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Batteries", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "CO2", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Electric vehicles", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "German government", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "System-on-a-chip", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "air pollution control", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "carbon compounds", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "charging algorithms", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "emission reduction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "energy consumption", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "grid node", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "integration of renewable energies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "national energy consumption", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "photovoltaic optimized charging modelling", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "photovoltaic power systems", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "photovoltaic systems", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "power grids", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "renewable energy resources", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "solar energy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "transportation sector", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-10T15:43:42Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-10T15:43:42Z" } }, { "key": "FGD2NQUR", "version": 7, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 286745, "name": "PV Electric Vehicle Charging", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pv_electric_vehicle_charging", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/286745/items/FGD2NQUR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pv_electric_vehicle_charging/items/FGD2NQUR", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Gunter et al.", "parsedDate": "2013-06", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "FGD2NQUR", "version": 7, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Optimal Design of Grid-Connected PEV Charging Systems With Integrated Distributed Resources", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.J.", "lastName": "Gunter" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K.K.", "lastName": "Afridi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.J.", "lastName": "Perreault" } ], "abstractNote": "The penetration of plug-in electric vehicles and renewable distributed generation is expected to increase over the next few decades. Large scale unregulated deployment of either technology can have a detrimental impact on the electric grid. However, appropriate pairing of these technologies along with some storage could mitigate their individual negative impacts. This paper presents a framework and an optimization methodology for designing grid-connected systems that integrate plug-in electric vehicle chargers, distributed generation and storage. To demonstrate its usefulness, this methodology is applied to the design of optimal architectures for a residential charging case. It is shown that, given current costs, maximizing grid power usage minimizes system lifecycle cost. However, depending upon the location's solar irradiance patterns, architectures with solar photovoltaic generation can be more cost effective than architectures without. Additionally, Li-ion storage technology and micro wind turbines are not yet cost effective when compared to alternative solutions.", "publicationTitle": "IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "June 2013", "volume": "4", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "956-967", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1109/TSG.2012.2227514", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1949-3053", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "IEEE Xplore", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Electric vehicles", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "battery powered vehicles", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "distributed power generation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "distributed storage", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "energy storage", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "grid connected PEV charging systems", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "grid power usage minimization", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "integer linear programming", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "integrated distributed resources", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "linear programming", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "optimal design", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "optimisation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "optimization methodology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "photovoltaic power systems", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "plug-in electric vehicle charger", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "power grids", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "renewable distributed generation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "secondary cells", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "solar irradiance pattern", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "solar photovoltaic generation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "system lifecycle cost", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-10T15:12:37Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-10T15:12:37Z" } }, { "key": "4BGBZJE3", "version": 6, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 286745, "name": "PV Electric Vehicle Charging", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pv_electric_vehicle_charging", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/286745/items/4BGBZJE3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pv_electric_vehicle_charging/items/4BGBZJE3", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Fujinaka", "parsedDate": "1992-02", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "4BGBZJE3", "version": 6, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Solar cars free of environmental pollution—prototype of practically usable car completed", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Masaharu", "lastName": "Fujinaka" } ], "abstractNote": "As a specific embodiment of the application of photovoltaic (solar) cells, the author has been engaged for 15 years in the development of electric vehicles charged by photovoltaic cells. This paper describes results of these developments. In this system, main photovoltaic cells were installed on the roof of a private house, and sub-photovoltaic cells were mounted on the roof of an electric vehicle. Electric energy thus obtained was used in charging a secondary battery mounted on the electric vehicle. Flexible, light and thin film a-Si photovoltaic cells were developed. These cells can be stuck to a curved surface and hence applied to solar battery cars.", "publicationTitle": "Renewable Energy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "February 1992", "volume": "2", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "57-64", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Renewable Energy", "DOI": "10.1016/0960-1481(92)90060-G", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/096014819290060G", "accessDate": "2014-09-10T15:11:23Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0960-1481", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-10T15:11:23Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-10T15:11:23Z" } }, { "key": "ZAQEVU2T", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 286745, "name": "PV Electric Vehicle Charging", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pv_electric_vehicle_charging", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/286745/items/ZAQEVU2T", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pv_electric_vehicle_charging/items/ZAQEVU2T", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kineavy and Duffy", "parsedDate": "2014", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ZAQEVU2T", "version": 5, "itemType": "document", "title": "Modelling and design of electric vehicle charging systems that include on-site renewable energy sources", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Fearghal", "lastName": "Kineavy" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Maeve", "lastName": "Duffy" } ], "abstractNote": "The predicted operation and performance of a 6.65 kW PV system assumed to be located in Galway, Ireland to charge 4 electric vehicles (EVs) is modeled. The performance of AC and DC distribution systems are compared. Models account for the variable efficiencies of power converter blocks as power levels vary. A control strategy is developed to choose when/how many EVs charge based on available PV power thereby maximizing efficiency and solar energy usage in the EVs. It is shown that for an EV user with a home charge point and a 100 km daily return commute, a ∼90% SOC can be supported by the system during the summer months. It is also shown that the DC system is 4.67% more efficient than the AC system over the course of a year.", "type": "", "date": "2014", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "Primo", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Arrays", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Batteries", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Dc Distribution", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Electric vehicles", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Inverters", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Photovoltaic", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Rectifiers", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "System Level Model", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "System-On-Chip", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Topology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Voltage Control", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-10T15:10:24Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-10T15:10:24Z" } }, { "key": "6B4RAQP4", "version": 4, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 286745, "name": "PV Electric Vehicle Charging", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pv_electric_vehicle_charging", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/286745/items/6B4RAQP4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pv_electric_vehicle_charging/items/6B4RAQP4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Munkhammar et al.", "parsedDate": "2013-11", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "6B4RAQP4", "version": 4, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Quantifying self-consumption of on-site photovoltaic power generation in households with electric vehicle home charging", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Joakim", "lastName": "Munkhammar" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Pia", "lastName": "Grahn" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Joakim", "lastName": "Widén" } ], "abstractNote": "Photovoltaic (PV) power production and residential power demand are negatively correlated at high latitudes on both annual and diurnal basis. If PV penetration levels increase, methods to deal with power overproduction in the local distribution grids are needed to avoid costly grid reinforcements. Increased local consumption is one such option. The introduction of a home-charged plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) has a significant impact on the household load and potentially changes the coincidence between household load and photovoltaic power production. This paper uses a stochastic model to investigate the effect on the coincidence between household load and photovoltaic power production when including a PEV load. The investigation is based on two system levels: (I) individual household level and (II) aggregate household level. The stochastic model produces theoretical high-resolution load profiles for household load and home charged PEV load over time. The photovoltaic power production model is based on high-resolution irradiance data for Uppsala, Sweden. It is shown that the introduction of a PEV improves the self-consumption of the photovoltaic power both on an individual and an aggregate level, but the increase is limited due to the low coincidence between the photovoltaic power production pattern and the charging patterns of the PEV.", "publicationTitle": "Solar Energy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "November 2013", "volume": "97", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "208-216", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Solar Energy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.solener.2013.08.015", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038092X13003253", "accessDate": "2014-09-10T15:09:36Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0038-092X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Distributed photovoltaics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Load matching", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Plug-in electric vehicle", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Self-consumption", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-10T15:09:36Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-10T15:09:36Z" } }, { "key": "TD9TH3Z9", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 286745, "name": "PV Electric Vehicle Charging", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pv_electric_vehicle_charging", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/286745/items/TD9TH3Z9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pv_electric_vehicle_charging/items/TD9TH3Z9", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Byrd et al.", "parsedDate": "2013-10", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "TD9TH3Z9", "version": 3, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Measuring the solar potential of a city and its implications for energy policy", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Hugh", "lastName": "Byrd" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Anna", "lastName": "Ho" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Basil", "lastName": "Sharp" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nirmal", "lastName": "Kumar-Nair" } ], "abstractNote": "This research investigates the maximum potential energy that can be made available by efficiently installing photovoltaic (PV) systems on buildings throughout a city, from the central business district (CBD) out to low density suburbs. The purpose of this is to evaluate the contribution that electricity from PVs can make to reduce the electricity load of a city, supply the needs of a mixture of building types, reduce peak electricity demand and contribute towards the charging of electric vehicles (EVs). Having established the maximum potential, intermediate stages in PV penetration can be backcasted. The results indicate that low dense suburbia is not only the most efficient collector of solar energy but that enough excess electricity can be generated to power daily transport needs of suburbia and also contribute to peak daytime electrical loads in the city centre. This challenges conventional thinking that suburbia is energy inefficient. While a compact city may be more efficient for the internal combustion engine vehicles, a dispersed city is more efficient when distributed generation of electricity by PVs is the main energy source and EVs are the means of transport.", "publicationTitle": "Energy Policy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "October 2013", "volume": "61", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "944-952", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Energy Policy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.enpol.2013.06.042", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421513005272", "accessDate": "2014-09-10T15:08:49Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0301-4215", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Electric vehicles", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Photovoltaics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Urban form", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-10T15:08:49Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-10T15:08:49Z" } }, { "key": "6NECKRXU", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 286745, "name": "PV Electric Vehicle Charging", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pv_electric_vehicle_charging", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/286745/items/6NECKRXU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/pv_electric_vehicle_charging/items/6NECKRXU", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Mike Simpson", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "6NECKRXU", "version": 2, "itemType": "book", "title": "Plug-in electric vehicle fast charge station operational analysis with integrated renewables preprint", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "name": "Mike Simpson" }, { "creatorType": "contributor", "name": "A. J Markel (Anthony J. )" }, { "creatorType": "contributor", "name": "National Renewable Energy Laboratory (U. S.)" }, { "creatorType": "contributor", "firstName": "Calif )", "lastName": "International Electric Vehicle Symposium (26th : 2012 : Los Angeles" } ], "abstractNote": "The growing, though still nascent, plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) market currently operates primarily via level 1 and level 2 charging in the United States. Fast chargers are still a rarity, but offer a confidence boost to oppose \"range anxiety\" in consumers making the transition from conventional vehicles to PEVs. Because relatively no real-world usage of fast chargers at scale exists yet, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory developed a simulation to help assess fast charging needs based on real-world travel data. This study documents the data, methods, and results of the simulation run for multiple scenarios, varying fleet sizes, and the number of charger ports. The grid impact of this usage is further quantified to assess the opportunity for integration of renewables; specifically, a high frequency of fast charging is found to be in demand during the late afternoons and evenings coinciding with grid peak periods. Proper integration of a solar array and stationary battery thus helps ease the load and reduces the need for new generator construction to meet the demand of a future PEV market.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2012", "publisher": "National Renewable Energy Laboratory", "place": "Golden, CO", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "1", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "Primo", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Battery chargers United States.", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Electric vehicles United States.", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Service stations United States.", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-10T15:07:19Z", "dateModified": "2014-09-10T15:07:19Z" } } ]