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            "abstractNote": "We created Nec2 specifically to provide users, either those experienced with the Nec2 processes, or for those who are neophytes but want to model their own antennas.\n\nNec2Go uses a simplified process for defining the antenna structure and then providing view of the structure, plots (2D and 3D) and other significant data that is pertinent to the design.\n\nThis simplified process uses an edit file with equations for all definitions.",
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            "abstractNote": "This page is all about where the energy really goes in an antenna system. Will a high SWR blow up my transmitter? ( No, it will not, but POOR TUNING can.)",
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            "abstractNote": "4nec2 is a completely free Nec2, Nec4 and windows based tool for creating, viewing, optimizing and checking 2D and 3D style antenna geometry structures and generate, display and/or compare near/far-field radiation patterns for both the starting and experienced antenna modeler.\n\nWhen running frequency sweeps, linear or logarithmic style SWR, Gain, F/B-ratio and impedance line-charts are produced. With the included Optimizer and Sweeper one is able to optimize antenna- and/or other environment-variables for Gain, resonance, SWR, efficiency and/or F/B, F/R-ratio. With the sweeper one is able to graphically display the effect of changing one or more of these variables for a specified range of values/frequencies.\n\nFor the starting modeler a graphically based 3D geometry-editor is included which requires no additional NEC knowledge while still enabling you to create and visualize and compare current-distribution, far/near-field patterns and Gain/SWR charts. More experienced modelers can use the gradient style and/or the genetic algorithm based optimizers to improve their designs.",
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            "abstractNote": "Recently I've been fielding service problems from people using 88-foot long dipoles. I also see people recommending this antenna when there is limited antenna space, even when there is sufficient room for a normal dipole.  The problems I hear of generally center around tuner damage, balun damage, or failure of a tuner to match the antenna. An analysis of various installations has shown that an 88-foot dipole is too short to be a reliable antenna on 80 meters (or a 44 foot dipole on 40 meters) without some form of low-loss reactance compensation at the antenna feedpoint or very near the antenna.\n\nWhile pattern looks excellent on higher bands, lowest band performance of a short dipole (in this case 88 feet long on 80 meters or 44 feet long on 40) certainly leaves a great deal to be desired. Feedline VSWR is over 100:1 with an 88 ft long dipole 30 feet high using typical ladder line feeders (400 ohm nominal impedance) on the bottom of 80 meters.",
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            "abstractNote": "How to make a re-radiating antenna for the Garmin Etrex family, using the GA27 active antenna. Before I upgraded to the Etrex Vista I used the GPS12XL for some years. And while the GPS reception in my car is very bad with the receiver mounted in an easy-to-read position, I used the GA27 antenna put on the dashboard. Now, the Etrex family does not come with a connection for external antenna. There are some re-radiating antennas on the market but I found a way to save this money, using the old GA27.\n\nPlease note that this is not an instruction to make a receiving antenna. I made e repeater system and I used a commercial receiving antenna with amplifier.",
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            "extra": "Compliments of Firestik® Antenna Company Technical Support Team",
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            "extra": "This calculator computes the matched line loss for a transmission line using a model calibrated from data for the transmission line types built in to the calculator. It also gives an estimate of the mismatched loss if the mismatch is specified. Mismatch can be specified as:\n\n    * the impedance at the load end of the line;\n    * the admittance at the load end of the line;\n    * the impedance looking into the line from the source;\n    * the admittance looking into the line from the source;\n    * the VSWR at the source end of the line;\n    * the VSWR at the midpoint of the line; or\n    * the VSWR at the load end of the line; or\n    * the load end VSWR - bad case Zload (Zload=Zo/VSWR).\n\nThe calculation of loss using VSWR is an approximation that is reasonably accurate on long lines with low VSWR and low loss. The methods using the impedance of the load or looking into the line produce accurate answers, and are the only way to get reasonably accurate answers with high VSWR or short lines.\n\nThe models for most lines are from the manufacturers published specifications, and are dependent on the quality of that data for their accuracy.\n\nThe models for generic open wire lines are theoretical values for air dielectric lines. There are a couple of generic types derived from the ARRL reference tables, and an indicative figure on Zip Cord. In each case, the results form identifies the source of the data.",
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