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Energy services and resources, as well as seasonal demand, will be increasingly affected by changing trends, increasing variability, greater extremes and large inter-annual variations in climate parameters in some regions. All evidence suggests that adaptation is not an optional add-on but an essential reckoning on par with other business risks. Existing energy infrastructure, new infrastructure and future planning need to consider emerging climate conditions and impacts on design, construction, operation, and maintenance. Integrated risk-based planning processes will be critical to address the climate change impacts and harmonize actions within and across sectors. Also, awareness, knowledge, and capacity impede mainstreaming of climate adaptation into the energy sector. However, the formal knowledge base is still nascent?information needs are complex and to a certain extent regionally and sector specific. This report provides an up-to-date compendium of what is known about weather variability and projected climate trends and their impacts on energy service provision and demand. It discusses emerging practices and tools for managing these impacts and integrating climate considerations into planning processes and operational practices in an environment of uncertainty. It focuses on energy sector adaptation, rather than mitigation which is not discussed in this report. This report draws largely on available scientific and peer-reviewed literature in the public domain and takes the perspective of the developing world to the extent possible.\"", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2011", "publisher": "World Bank Publications", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "224", "ISBN": "9780821386989", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/IW3P/IB/2011/03/10/000356161_20110310020812/Rendered/PDF/600510PUB0ID181mpacts09780821386972.pdf", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Climate Impacts on Energy Systems", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Google Books", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-22T19:50:25Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-22T19:50:34Z" } }, { "key": "DX6P9FI3", "version": 47, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 279541, "name": "Climate Change Impact", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impact", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/279541/items/DX6P9FI3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impact/items/DX6P9FI3", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/279541/items/FAF7MCVX", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "DX6P9FI3", "version": 47, "parentItem": "FAF7MCVX", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Google Books Link", "accessDate": "2014-08-22T19:50:25Z", "url": "http://books.google.com/books?id=6sAEBwzvBrMC", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-22T19:50:25Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-22T19:50:25Z" } }, { "key": "QVGNSXFC", "version": 46, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 279541, "name": "Climate Change Impact", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impact", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/279541/items/QVGNSXFC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impact/items/QVGNSXFC", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ward", "parsedDate": "2013-11-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "QVGNSXFC", "version": 46, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The effect of weather on grid systems and the reliability of electricity supply", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David M.", "lastName": "Ward" } ], "abstractNote": "A reliable public electricity supply depends in part on a reliable electricity grid system to transmit and distribute electrical power from generating stations to consumers. The grid system comprises many components that are exposed to the weather and can experience faults as a result of weather events. As climate change is expected to alter the number and severity of weather events, then the reliability of the grid and hence the reliability of electricity supplies can be affected. This paper reviews the effects of weather events on grid systems, illustrated by reference to experience on the grid systems in Europe and North America. It is shown that the effects on the high voltage transmission networks are different from the effects on lower voltage distribution networks and that generally the most significant extreme weather is high winds. Some remedial measures that can mitigate the effects of weather events are also described.", "publicationTitle": "Climatic Change", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2013/11/01", "volume": "121", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "103-113", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Climatic Change", "DOI": "10.1007/s10584-013-0916-z", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10584-013-0916-z", "accessDate": "2014-08-22T19:47:59Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0165-0009, 1573-1480", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "link.springer.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-22T19:47:59Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-22T19:47:59Z" } }, { "key": "S8D93FAJ", "version": 45, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 279541, "name": "Climate Change Impact", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impact", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/279541/items/S8D93FAJ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impact/items/S8D93FAJ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "McColl et al.", "parsedDate": "2012-12-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "S8D93FAJ", "version": 45, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Assessing the potential impact of climate change on the UK’s electricity network", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lynsey", "lastName": "McColl" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Erika J.", "lastName": "Palin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Hazel E.", "lastName": "Thornton" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David M. H.", "lastName": "Sexton" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Richard", "lastName": "Betts" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ken", "lastName": "Mylne" } ], "abstractNote": "We investigate how weather affects the UK’s electricity network, by examining past data of weather-related faults on the transmission and distribution networks. By formalising the current relationship between weather-related faults and weather, we use climate projections from a regional climate model (RCM) to quantitatively assess how the frequency of these faults may change in the future. This study found that the incidences of both lightning and solar heat faults are projected to increase in the future. There is evidence that the conditions that cause flooding faults may increase in the future, but a reduction cannot be ruled out. Due to the uncertainty associated with future wind projections, there is no clear signal associated with the future frequency of wind and gale faults, however snow, sleet and blizzard faults are projected to decrease due to a reduction in the number of snow days.", "publicationTitle": "Climatic Change", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2012/12/01", "volume": "115", "issue": "3-4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "821-835", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Climatic Change", "DOI": "10.1007/s10584-012-0469-6", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10584-012-0469-6", "accessDate": "2014-08-22T19:46:45Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0165-0009, 1573-1480", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "link.springer.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-22T19:46:45Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-22T19:46:45Z" } }, { "key": "XAPIEN55", "version": 44, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 279541, "name": "Climate Change Impact", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impact", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/279541/items/XAPIEN55", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impact/items/XAPIEN55", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Sathaye et al.", "parsedDate": "2013-05", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "XAPIEN55", "version": 44, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Rising Temps, Tides, and Wildfires: Assessing the Risk to California's Energy Infrastructure from Projected Climate Change", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.A", "lastName": "Sathaye" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L.L.", "lastName": "Dale" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P.H.", "lastName": "Larsen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G.A", "lastName": "Fitts" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K.", "lastName": "Koy" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.M.", "lastName": "Lewis" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "AF.P.", "lastName": "de Lucena" } ], "abstractNote": "Climate change affects both energy demand and supply through various parameters. These parameters include warmer air and water caused by higher temperatures, changes in the flow of rivers, snowfall and ice accretion, coastal inundation, wildfires, soil conditions, cloudiness, and wind speeds. Increases in energy demand and supply loss create a combined problem for ensuring an adequate supply of fuels and electricity. Projections of these parameters, combined with those of energy demand and supply over the next century, are needed to improve our understanding of the increased vulnerability of the energy sector.", "publicationTitle": "IEEE Power and Energy Magazine", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 2013", "volume": "11", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "32-45", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1109/MPE.2013.2245582", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1540-7977", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Rising Temps, Tides, and Wildfires", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "IEEE Xplore", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-22T19:43:44Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-22T19:43:44Z" } }, { "key": "D3M5Z8AG", "version": 43, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 279541, "name": "Climate Change Impact", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impact", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/279541/items/D3M5Z8AG", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impact/items/D3M5Z8AG", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "parsedDate": "2013", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "D3M5Z8AG", "version": 43, "itemType": "report", "title": "Economic benefits of increasing electric grid resilience to weather outages", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "reportNumber": "", "reportType": "", "institution": "Executive Office of the President", "place": "Washington D.C.", "date": "2013", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/08/f2/Grid%20Resiliency%20Report_FINAL.pdf", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-22T19:32:55Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-22T19:33:50Z" } }, { "key": "CIJDUTRE", "version": 41, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 279541, "name": "Climate Change Impact", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impact", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/279541/items/CIJDUTRE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impact/items/CIJDUTRE", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Abi-Samra et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-09", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "CIJDUTRE", "version": 41, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "When the Bough Breaks: Managing Extreme Weather Events Affecting Electrical Power Grids", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "N.", "lastName": "Abi-Samra" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "McConnach" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Mukhopadhyay" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B.", "lastName": "Wojszczyk" } ], "abstractNote": "Preparing for, responding to, coping with, and managing the aftermath of severe impacts on electrical power system grids due to extreme weather events resulting from climate change are all receiving growing attention. Recent severe events in North America and across the globe have stressed the ability of electrical utilities to maintain the continuity and reliability of supply, with many customers experiencing extended power outages. Hurricane Sandy, recent severe winter snow and ice storms in the northeastern United States and eastern Canada, Supercyclone Phailin in India, and Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines are prime examples. This article is sponsored by members of the Climate Change Technology Subcommittee of the IEEE Power & Energy Society Energy Development and Power Generation Committee, whose chair is Tom Baumann.", "publicationTitle": "IEEE Power and Energy Magazine", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Sept 2014", "volume": "12", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "61-65", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1109/MPE.2014.2331899", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1540-7977", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "When the Bough Breaks", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "IEEE Xplore", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-22T19:29:35Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-22T19:29:35Z" } }, { "key": "2635WKZ5", "version": 40, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 279541, "name": "Climate Change Impact", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impact", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/279541/items/2635WKZ5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impact/items/2635WKZ5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kezunovic et al.", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "2635WKZ5", "version": 40, "itemType": "report", "title": "Impact of extreme weather on power system blackouts and forced outages: new challenges", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mladen", "lastName": "Kezunovic" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ian", "lastName": "Dobson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Yimai", "lastName": "Dong" } ], "abstractNote": "", "reportNumber": "", "reportType": "", "institution": "", "place": "", "date": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CCAQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F228379681_Impact_of_Extreme_Weather_on_Power_System_Blackouts_and_Forced_Outages_New_Challenges%2Flinks%2F0912f50cbc361d75b4000000&ei=B5n3U5HqEdfboATTqIHwDA&usg=AFQjCNF1uYU59NhLJwMhJvZmeaTs6bxEZQ&sig2=RKGxvYVKg-r4IJC3EM9mOw&bvm=bv.73612305,d.cGU", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-22T19:26:20Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-22T19:28:24Z" } }, { "key": "7945JKDP", "version": 38, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 279541, "name": "Climate Change Impact", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impact", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/279541/items/7945JKDP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impact/items/7945JKDP", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "parsedDate": "2014", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "7945JKDP", "version": 38, "itemType": "report", "title": "Climate change and infrastructure, urban systems, and vulnerabilities: technical report for the US Department of Energy in support of the National Climate Assessment", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "seriesEditor", "firstName": "Thomas J.", "lastName": "Wilbanks" }, { "creatorType": "seriesEditor", "firstName": "Steven J.", "lastName": "Fernandez" } ], "abstractNote": "", "reportNumber": "", "reportType": "", "institution": "", "place": "", "date": "2014", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.cakex.org/sites/default/files/documents/Climate%20ChangeAndInfrastructureUrbanSystemsAndVulnerabilities_CAKEcopy.pdf", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-20T14:39:20Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-20T14:43:02Z" } }, { "key": "PMCE96CK", "version": 35, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 279541, "name": "Climate Change Impact", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impact", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/279541/items/PMCE96CK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impact/items/PMCE96CK", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Cardell et al.", "parsedDate": "2007", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "PMCE96CK", "version": 35, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "The electric power industry and climate change: issues and research possibilities", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Judith", "lastName": "Cardell" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ian", "lastName": "Dobson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ward", "lastName": "Jewell" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mladen", "lastName": "Kezunovic" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tom", "lastName": "Overbye" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P.K.", "lastName": "Sen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Daniel", "lastName": "Tylavsky" } ], "abstractNote": "", "proceedingsTitle": "", "conferenceName": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2007", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.science.smith.edu/~jcardell/Courses/EGR325/Readings/CC.pdf", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-20T14:28:13Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-20T14:29:56Z" } }, { "key": "GAFVR9V3", "version": 33, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 279541, "name": "Climate Change Impact", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impact", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/279541/items/GAFVR9V3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impact/items/GAFVR9V3", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Patt et al.", "parsedDate": "2013-11-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "GAFVR9V3", "version": 33, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Vulnerability of solar energy infrastructure and output to climate change", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Anthony", "lastName": "Patt" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stefan", "lastName": "Pfenninger" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Johan", "lastName": "Lilliestam" } ], "abstractNote": "This paper reviews the potential vulnerability of solar energy systems to future extreme event risks as a consequence of climate change. We describe the three main technologies likely to be used to harness sunlight—thermal heating, photovoltaic (PV), and concentrating solar power (CSP)—and identify critical climate vulnerabilities for each one. We then compare these vulnerabilities with assessments of future changes in mean conditions and extreme event risk levels. We do not identify any vulnerabilities severe enough to halt development of any of the technologies mentioned, although we do find a potential value in exploring options for making PV cells more heat-resilient and for improving the design of cooling systems for CSP.", "publicationTitle": "Climatic Change", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2013/11/01", "volume": "121", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "93-102", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Climatic Change", "DOI": "10.1007/s10584-013-0887-0", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10584-013-0887-0", "accessDate": "2014-08-20T14:09:16Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0165-0009, 1573-1480", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "link.springer.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-20T14:09:16Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-20T14:09:16Z" } }, { "key": "M3A38K4E", "version": 32, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 279541, "name": "Climate Change Impact", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impact", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/279541/items/M3A38K4E", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impact/items/M3A38K4E", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Brown et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-01-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "M3A38K4E", "version": 32, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Implications of sea-level rise and extreme events around Europe: a review of coastal energy infrastructure", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sally", "lastName": "Brown" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Susan", "lastName": "Hanson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robert J.", "lastName": "Nicholls" } ], "abstractNote": "Sea-level rise and extreme events have the potential to significantly impact coastal energy infrastructure through flooding and erosion. Disruptions to supply, transportation and storage of energy have global ramifications and potential contamination of the natural environment. On a European scale, there is limited information about energy facilities and their strategic plans for adapting to climate change. Using a Geographical Information System this paper assesses coastal energy infrastructure, comprising (1) oil/gas/LNG/tanker terminals and (2) nuclear power stations. It discusses planning and adaptation for sea-level rise and extreme events. Results indicate 158 major oil/gas/LNG/tanker terminals in the European coastal zone, with 40 % located on the North Sea coast. There are 71 operating nuclear reactors on the coast (37 % of the total of European coastal countries), with further locations planned in the Black, Mediterranean and Baltic Seas. The UK has three times more coastal energy facilities than any other country. Many north-west European countries who have a high reliance on coastal energy infrastructure have a high awareness of sea-level rise and plan for future change. With long design lives of energy facilities, anticipating short, medium and long-term environmental and climatic change is crucial in the design, future monitoring and maintenance of facilities. Adaptation of coastal infrastructure is of international importance, so will be an ongoing important issue throughout the 21st century.", "publicationTitle": "Climatic Change", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2014/01/01", "volume": "122", "issue": "1-2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "81-95", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Climatic Change", "DOI": "10.1007/s10584-013-0996-9", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10584-013-0996-9", "accessDate": "2014-08-20T14:06:47Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0165-0009, 1573-1480", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Implications of sea-level rise and extreme events around Europe", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "link.springer.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-20T14:06:47Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-20T14:06:47Z" } }, { "key": "DG4D5HTZ", "version": 31, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 279541, "name": "Climate Change Impact", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impact", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/279541/items/DG4D5HTZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impact/items/DG4D5HTZ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Li et al.", "parsedDate": "2014", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "DG4D5HTZ", "version": 31, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "Electric power generation expansion planning: robust optimization considering climate change", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Shuya", "lastName": "Li" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David W.", "lastName": "Coit" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Saltuk", "lastName": "Selcuklu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "Felder" } ], "abstractNote": "This research investigates electric power system expansion considering climate change. Now and in the future, \nclimate change is and will be affecting new power plant investment decisions and electricity generation system in \nmore uncertain ways. The power system needs to be more reliable, cost-effective and environmentally friendly when \nexposed to higher temperature, less precipitation and more intense and frequent extreme events. Traditional \nmodeling is not sufficient to incorporate climate change effects and uncertainty. In this paper, the uncertainty of \nclimate change is taken into consideration. The input variables and system parameters that are impacted by climate \nare identified and quantified. Different climate scenarios are used with corresponding input profile to represent all \nthe possible outcomes of a future climate instead of continuous probability distribution. A robust electric power \nGeneration Expansion Planning (GEP) optimization model minimizing the expected total cost under all scenarios is \nformulated and solved to find the optimal result. Therefore, a good compromise solution that is nearly optimal for all \nscenarios is chosen to avoid the possible risk brought by a poor decision that is only optimal for one particular \nscenario.", "proceedingsTitle": "Proceedings of the 2014 Industrial and Systems Engineering Research Conference", "conferenceName": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2014", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.xcdsystem.com/iie2014/abstract/finalpapers/I434.pdf", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-19T18:04:58Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-19T18:07:01Z" } }, { "key": "7B6E3JVA", "version": 26, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 279541, "name": "Climate Change Impact", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impact", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/279541/items/7B6E3JVA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impact/items/7B6E3JVA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Naughton et al.", "parsedDate": "2012-05-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "7B6E3JVA", "version": 26, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Could Climate Change Limit Water Availability for Coal-Fired Electricity Generation with Carbon Capture and Storage? A UK Case Study", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Meleesa", "lastName": "Naughton" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Richard", "lastName": "Darton" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Fai", "lastName": "Fung" } ], "abstractNote": "Anticipatory adaptation to climate change requires the impact of future changes in water availability to be investigated prior to deployment of low-carbon electricity generation infrastructure. Here we investigate whether climate change may limit water availability for a proposed coal-fired (CF) power station site with Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). We find that climate change may pose constraints on water availability, and that regulatory constraints on water abstraction licences may affect CF electricity generation with CCS. The regulatory constraints associated with the current misalignment of water and energy policies are explored through interviews with stakeholders. We find that water availability has not been identified as a potential limiting factor for future CF electricity generation with CCS and that current UK energy policy, combined with economic and historical factors, may exacerbate the water demand of CF electricity generation with CCS. These issues need to be addressed prior to deployment of CCS technology.", "publicationTitle": "Energy & Environment", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 1, 2012", "volume": "23", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "265-282", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1260/0958-305X.23.2-3.265", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/0958-305X.23.2-3.265", "accessDate": "2014-08-19T17:56:19Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Could Climate Change Limit Water Availability for Coal-Fired Electricity Generation with Carbon Capture and Storage?", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "MetaPress", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-19T17:56:19Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-19T17:56:19Z" } }, { "key": "ZE7BXIF3", "version": 25, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 279541, "name": "Climate Change Impact", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impact", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/279541/items/ZE7BXIF3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impact/items/ZE7BXIF3", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bollinger et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-06-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ZE7BXIF3", "version": 25, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Climate adaptation of interconnected infrastructures: a framework for supporting governance", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L. A.", "lastName": "Bollinger" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C. W. J.", "lastName": "Bogmans" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E. J. L.", "lastName": "Chappin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G. P. J.", "lastName": "Dijkema" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J. N.", "lastName": "Huibregtse" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "N.", "lastName": "Maas" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T.", "lastName": "Schenk" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Snelder" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P. van", "lastName": "Thienen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S. de", "lastName": "Wit" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B.", "lastName": "Wols" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L. A.", "lastName": "Tavasszy" } ], "abstractNote": "Infrastructures are critical for human society, but vulnerable to climate change. The current body of research on infrastructure adaptation does not adequately account for the interconnectedness of infrastructures, both internally and with one another. We take a step toward addressing this gap through the introduction of a framework for infrastructure adaptation that conceptualizes infrastructures as complex socio-technical “systems of systems” embedded in a changing natural environment. We demonstrate the use of this framework by structuring potential climate change impacts and identifying adaptation options for a preliminary set of cases—road, electricity and drinking water infrastructures. By helping to clarify the relationships between impacts at different levels, we find that the framework facilitates the identification of key nodes in the web of possible impacts and helps in the identification of particularly nocuous weather conditions. We also explore how the framework may be applied more comprehensively to facilitate adaptation governance. We suggest that it may help to ensure that the mental models of stakeholders and the quantitative models of researchers incorporate the essential aspects of interacting climate and infrastructure systems. Further research is necessary to test the framework in these contexts and to determine when and where its application may be most beneficial.", "publicationTitle": "Regional Environmental Change", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2014/06/01", "volume": "14", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "919-931", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Reg Environ Change", "DOI": "10.1007/s10113-013-0428-4", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10113-013-0428-4", "accessDate": "2014-08-19T17:53:17Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1436-3798, 1436-378X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Climate adaptation of interconnected infrastructures", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "link.springer.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-19T17:53:17Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-19T17:53:17Z" } }, { "key": "IDZMV4WX", "version": 24, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 279541, "name": "Climate Change Impact", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impact", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/279541/items/IDZMV4WX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impact/items/IDZMV4WX", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Beard et al.", "parsedDate": "2010-06", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "IDZMV4WX", "version": 24, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Key Technical Challenges for the Electric Power Industry and Climate Change", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L.M.", "lastName": "Beard" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.B.", "lastName": "Cardell" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "I", "lastName": "Dobson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "F.", "lastName": "Galvan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Hawkins" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "W.", "lastName": "Jewell" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Kezunovic" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T.J.", "lastName": "Overbye" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P.K.", "lastName": "Sen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.J.", "lastName": "Tylavsky" } ], "abstractNote": "This paper, prepared by the Climate Change Technology Subcommittee, a subcommittee of the Power and Energy Society Energy Development and Power Generation Committee, identifies key technical issues facing the electric power industry, related to global climate change. The technical challenges arise from: 1) impacts on system operating strategies, configuration, and expansion plans of emission-reducing technologies; 2) power infrastructure response to extreme weather events; 3) effects of government policies including an expanded use of renewable and alternative energy technologies; and 4) impacts of market rules on power system operation. Possible lessons from other industries' responses to climate change are explored.", "publicationTitle": "IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "June 2010", "volume": "25", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "465-473", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1109/TEC.2009.2032578", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0885-8969", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "IEEE Xplore", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-19T17:26:52Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-19T17:26:52Z" } }, { "key": "JTMPWEQG", "version": 23, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 279541, "name": "Climate Change Impact", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impact", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/279541/items/JTMPWEQG", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impact/items/JTMPWEQG", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Cruz and Krausmann", "parsedDate": "2013-11-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "JTMPWEQG", "version": 23, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Vulnerability of the oil and gas sector to climate change and extreme weather events", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ana Maria", "lastName": "Cruz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Elisabeth", "lastName": "Krausmann" } ], "abstractNote": "A changing climate and more frequent extreme weather events pose challenges to the oil and gas sector. Identifying how these changes will affect oil and gas extraction, transportation, processing, and delivery, and how these industries can adapt to or mitigate any adverse impacts will be vital to this sector’s supply security. This work presents an overview of the sector’s vulnerability to a changing climate. It addresses the potential for Natech hazards and proposes risk reduction measures, including mitigation and adaptation options. Assessment frameworks to ensure the safety of people, the environment, and investments in the oil and gas sector in the face of climate change are presented and their limitations discussed. It is argued that a comprehensive and systemic analysis framework for risk assessment is needed. The paper concludes that climate change and extreme weather events represent a real physical threat to the oil and gas sector, particularly in low-lying coastal areas and areas exposed to extreme weather events. The sector needs to take climate change seriously, assess its own vulnerability, and take appropriate measures to prevent or mitigate any potentially negative effects.", "publicationTitle": "Climatic Change", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2013/11/01", "volume": "121", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "41-53", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Climatic Change", "DOI": "10.1007/s10584-013-0891-4", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10584-013-0891-4", "accessDate": "2014-08-19T17:24:26Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0165-0009, 1573-1480", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "link.springer.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-19T17:24:26Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-19T17:24:26Z" } }, { "key": "Q9Z4C69Q", "version": 22, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 279541, "name": "Climate Change Impact", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impact", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/279541/items/Q9Z4C69Q", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impact/items/Q9Z4C69Q", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Sieber", "parsedDate": "2013-11-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "Q9Z4C69Q", "version": 22, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Impacts of, and adaptation options to, extreme weather events and climate change concerning thermal power plants", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jeannette", "lastName": "Sieber" } ], "abstractNote": "Extreme weather events and changed climate parameters have impacts on power plants and their connected infrastructures. Therefore, adaptation, especially in the context of a changing climate and a resulting shift in the intensity and frequency of extreme events, is necessary. Thermal power plants are subject to a diversity of extreme weather impacts, making them vulnerable if not adapted. In this paper, the impacts of extreme weather events on thermal power plants are first identified and structured. Then selected adaptation options for thermal power plants are presented. Three major types of adaptation option are identified: adaptation of cooling, infrastructure, and sites. The Supplementary Material introduces a GIS-based (Geographic Information System) decision-support tool for power plant adaptation and planning.", "publicationTitle": "Climatic Change", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2013/11/01", "volume": "121", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "55-66", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Climatic Change", "DOI": "10.1007/s10584-013-0915-0", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10584-013-0915-0", "accessDate": "2014-08-19T17:16:32Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0165-0009, 1573-1480", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "link.springer.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-19T17:16:32Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-19T17:16:32Z" } }, { "key": "WM6IFFI4", "version": 21, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 279541, "name": "Climate Change Impact", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impact", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/279541/items/WM6IFFI4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impact/items/WM6IFFI4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Yates et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-09", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "WM6IFFI4", "version": 21, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Stormy Weather: Assessing Climate Change Hazards to Electric Power Infrastructure: A Sandy Case Study", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Yates" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B.", "lastName": "Luna" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.", "lastName": "Rasmussen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Bratcher" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L.", "lastName": "Garre" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "F.", "lastName": "Chen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Tewari" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P.", "lastName": "Friis-Hansen" } ], "abstractNote": "Power system infrastructure is subject to damage from a wide range of extreme weather events, including hurricanes, tornadoes, lightning storms, snow and ice storms, floods, storm tides, heat waves, droughts, and more (see Figure 1). As climate change occurs, scientists expect extreme events to become even more severe in some locations, resulting in more intense precipitation; longer, hotter heat waves; higher-intensity hurricanes; higher storm tides; more ice storms; and so on.", "publicationTitle": "IEEE Power and Energy Magazine", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Sept 2014", "volume": "12", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "66-75", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1109/MPE.2014.2331901", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1540-7977", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Stormy Weather", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "IEEE Xplore", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-19T17:14:47Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-19T17:14:47Z" } }, { "key": "RGIW3D94", "version": 20, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 279541, "name": "Climate Change Impact", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impact", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/279541/items/RGIW3D94", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impact/items/RGIW3D94", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Vine", "parsedDate": "2012-03-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "RGIW3D94", "version": 20, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Adaptation of California’s electricity sector to climate change", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Edward", "lastName": "Vine" } ], "abstractNote": "Climate change is likely to pose considerable new challenges to California’s electricity sector. This paper primarily focuses on the adaptation challenges of an important component of the energy arena: electricity demand in the residential and commercial sectors and electricity supply. The primary challenge to California’s electricity sector will likely be the increase in demand for air conditioning as a result of rising temperatures. In addition, renewable energy sources, which are an increasing share of the electricity portfolio, are particularly vulnerable to climate change. Many of the key players have been actively considering the implications of climate change. Because electricity generation accounts for nearly 30% of greenhouse gas emissions, this sector has been a target of the state’s efforts to reduce emissions. Fortunately, many of the same tools can simultaneously improve the sector’s resilience to a changing climate. Demand management strategies and supply diversification are both important strategies. Local governments can play a central role in encouraging the adoption of more energy efficient building codes and the use of more renewable sources, such as solar energy. The positive steps taken by many local governments are encouraging. Steps to increase public awareness are an important, often missing component, however. Increases in research, development, and demonstration to improve system resiliency and develop new energy conservation tools are also needed.", "publicationTitle": "Climatic Change", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2012/03/01", "volume": "111", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "75-99", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Climatic Change", "DOI": "10.1007/s10584-011-0242-2", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10584-011-0242-2", "accessDate": "2014-08-19T17:13:37Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0165-0009, 1573-1480", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "link.springer.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-19T17:13:37Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-19T17:13:37Z" } }, { "key": "GS725TNT", "version": 19, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 279541, "name": "Climate Change Impact", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impact", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/279541/items/GS725TNT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impact/items/GS725TNT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Peters et al.", "parsedDate": "2006", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "GS725TNT", "version": 19, "itemType": "report", "title": "Transmission line reliability: climate change and extreme weather", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gibson", "lastName": "Peters" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.M.", "lastName": "DiGioia" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Chris", "lastName": "Hendrickson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jay", "lastName": "Apt" } ], "abstractNote": "", "reportNumber": "", "reportType": "", "institution": "Carnegie Mellon Electricity Industry Center", "place": "", "date": "2006", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.cmu.edu/gdi/docs/ceic_05_06.pdf", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-19T13:39:54Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-19T13:41:28Z" } }, { "key": "WFGNDCUR", "version": 15, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 279541, "name": "Climate Change Impact", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impact", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/279541/items/WFGNDCUR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impact/items/WFGNDCUR", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Burkett", "parsedDate": "2011-12", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "WFGNDCUR", "version": 15, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Global climate change implications for coastal and offshore oil and gas development", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Virginia", "lastName": "Burkett" } ], "abstractNote": "The discussion and debate about climate change and oil and gas resource development has generally focused on how fossil fuel use affects the Earth's climate. This paper explores how the changing climate is likely to affect oil and gas operations in low-lying coastal areas and the outer continental shelf. Oil and gas production in these regions comprises a large sector of the economies of many energy producing nations. Six key climate change drivers in coastal and marine regions are characterized with respect to oil and gas development: changes in carbon dioxide levels and ocean acidity, air and water temperature, precipitation patterns, the rate of sea level rise, storm intensity, and wave regime. These key drivers have the potential to independently and cumulatively affect coastal and offshore oil and gas exploration, production, and transportation, and several impacts of climate change have already been observed in North America.", "publicationTitle": "Energy Policy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "December 2011", "volume": "39", "issue": "12", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "7719-7725", "series": "Clean Cooking Fuels and Technologies in Developing Economies", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Energy Policy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.enpol.2011.09.016", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421511007051", "accessDate": "2014-08-15T22:56:39Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0301-4215", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-15T22:56:39Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-15T22:56:39Z" } }, { "key": "8D45KI8M", "version": 14, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 279541, "name": "Climate Change Impact", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impact", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/279541/items/8D45KI8M", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impact/items/8D45KI8M", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Jaglom et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-10", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "8D45KI8M", "version": 14, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Assessment of projected temperature impacts from climate change on the U.S. electric power sector using the Integrated Planning Model®", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Wendy S.", "lastName": "Jaglom" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "James R.", "lastName": "McFarland" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michelle F.", "lastName": "Colley" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Charlotte B.", "lastName": "Mack" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Boddu", "lastName": "Venkatesh" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rawlings L.", "lastName": "Miller" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Juanita", "lastName": "Haydel" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Peter A.", "lastName": "Schultz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bill", "lastName": "Perkins" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Joseph H.", "lastName": "Casola" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jeremy A.", "lastName": "Martinich" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Paul", "lastName": "Cross" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michael J.", "lastName": "Kolian" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Serpil", "lastName": "Kayin" } ], "abstractNote": "This study analyzes the potential impacts of changes in temperature due to climate change on the U.S. power sector, measuring the energy, environmental, and economic impacts of power system changes due to temperature changes under two emissions trajectories—with and without emissions mitigation. It estimates the impact of temperature change on heating and cooling degree days, electricity demand, and generating unit output and efficiency. These effects are then integrated into a dispatch and capacity planning model to estimate impacts on investment decisions, emissions, system costs, and power prices for 32 U.S. regions. Without mitigation actions, total annual electricity production costs in 2050 are projected to increase 14% ($51 billion) because of greater cooling demand as compared to a control scenario without future temperature changes. For a scenario with global emissions mitigation, including a reduction in U.S. power sector emissions of 36% below 2005 levels in 2050, the increase in total annual electricity production costs is approximately the same as the increase in system costs to satisfy the increased demand associated with unmitigated rising temperatures.", "publicationTitle": "Energy Policy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "October 2014", "volume": "73", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "524-539", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Energy Policy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.enpol.2014.04.032", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421514002675", "accessDate": "2014-08-15T22:54:09Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0301-4215", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-15T22:54:09Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-15T22:54:09Z" } }, { "key": "GICZGMQN", "version": 13, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 279541, "name": "Climate Change Impact", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impact", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/279541/items/GICZGMQN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/climate_change_impact/items/GICZGMQN", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 250494, "username": "tsandberg", "name": "Tami Sandberg", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tsandberg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Davis and Clemmer", "parsedDate": "2014", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "GICZGMQN", "version": 13, "itemType": "report", "title": "Power failure: how climate change puts our electricity at risk-and what we can do", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michelle", "lastName": "Davis" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Steve", "lastName": "Clemmer" } ], "abstractNote": "", "reportNumber": "", "reportType": "", "institution": "Union of Concerned Scientists", "place": "", "date": "2014", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/Power-Failure-How-Climate-Change-Puts-Our-Electricity-at-Risk-and-What-We-Can-Do.pdf", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-08-15T22:43:44Z", "dateModified": "2014-08-15T22:45:04Z" } } ]