[ { "key": "Z6RZR2TH", "version": 37, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 276258, "name": "TA 6 à 18 ans", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276258/items/Z6RZR2TH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans/items/Z6RZR2TH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 791694, "username": "morisa05", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/morisa05", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Beidel and Bunnell", "parsedDate": "2014", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "Z6RZR2TH", "version": 37, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Assessment and treatment of social anxiety disorder and selective mutism in children and adolescents. [References].", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Deborah", "lastName": "Beidel" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Brian", "lastName": "Bunnell" } ], "abstractNote": "Social anxiety disorder is characterized by pervasive social inhibition and a fear of negative evaluation by others. It is one of the most commonly occurring psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. A related condition is selective mutism, described as a withdrawal of speech with non-family members and/or in places outside the home. Selective mutism is most commonly found in preschool children; the typical age of onset of social anxiety disorder is during adolescence, but it can be found in elementary school children as well. In this lesson, we describe the clinical characteristics of these two disorders and their potential overlap. We further explain how to assess for their presence in medical settings, and review efficacious treatments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).", "publicationTitle": "Directions in Psychiatry", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2014", "volume": "34", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "55-62", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=psyc11&AN=2014-24658-004", "accessDate": "2014-10-21T14:17:29Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0891-3870", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Ovid (PsycINFO)", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "BCMCJEU6" ], "relations": { "dc:replaces": "http://zotero.org/groups/276258/items/9FVDS79R" }, "dateAdded": "2014-10-21T14:17:29Z", "dateModified": "2014-10-28T19:07:28Z" } }, { "key": "N5GXETA8", "version": 36, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 276258, "name": "TA 6 à 18 ans", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276258/items/N5GXETA8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans/items/N5GXETA8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 791694, "username": "morisa05", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/morisa05", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Pharisa C. et al.", "parsedDate": "2014", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "N5GXETA8", "version": 36, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Measuring anxiety in children: Agreement between the state trait anxiety inventory (STAI) and other anxiety scales.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "Pharisa C." }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "Gaucher N." }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "Bailey B." } ], "abstractNote": "Background: Although long to administer, the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) is the gold standard to measure anxiety in children. Objectives: To evaluate the agreement between the STAI and other anxiety scales (a visual analog scale [VAS], a likert scale, and a new Faces Anxiety Scale [FAS]), to determine whether these shorter scales could replace the STAI. Design/Methods: This was a prospective cohort study on a convenience sample of French-speaking children, aged nine to 17 years, presenting to a pediatric emergency department (ED). We excluded patients with drug intoxication, altered level of consciousness, decreased visual acuity, clinically unstable status, requiring admission to the intensive care unit, or with developmental delay. Patients were divided into two groups: pre-teens (PT) (aged nine to 12 years) completed the pediatric STAI; and teens (T) (aged 13 to 17 years) completed the adult STAI. Participants also completed a VAS (0 to 100 mm), a Likert scale (1 to 5), and the FAS (1 to 5). All scales were administered in random orders, twice during the ED visit, to assess anxiety states and traits. Intra-class correlation (ICC) (two way-mixed model, average measures) was used to evaluate agreement between the STAI and other scales. A sample size of 100 patients per group was estimated as sufficient. Results: Between January 2012 and September 2013, 215 and 268 patients in the PT and T groups, respectively, were approached to obtain 100 participants in each group. The median (IQR) STAI state anxiety scores were 33 (28.25 to 36.75) and 37.5 (32 to 44), in the PT and T groups, respectively. The median (IQR) STAI trait anxiety scores were 33.5 (28 to 38.75) and 36 (31 to 44), in the PT and T groups, respectively. ICCs are presented in the table. Conclusions: There appears to be poor agreement between the STAI and other scales designed to measure anxiety in children nine to 17 years of age presenting to the ED. These scales cannot be used to measure anxiety until they are as well validated as the STAI. (Table presented) .", "publicationTitle": "Paediatrics and Child Health (Canada)", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2014", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=emed12&AN=71621248", "accessDate": "2014-10-28T18:40:07Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1205-7088", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Measuring anxiety in children", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Ovid (Embase)", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "BCMCJEU6" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-10-28T18:40:07Z", "dateModified": "2014-10-28T18:40:07Z" } }, { "key": "V4VTXSAV", "version": 34, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 276258, "name": "TA 6 à 18 ans", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276258/items/V4VTXSAV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans/items/V4VTXSAV", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 791694, "username": "morisa05", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/morisa05", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Wei et al.", "parsedDate": "2014", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "V4VTXSAV", "version": 34, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Assessing anxiety in youth with the multidimensional anxiety scale for children", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Chiaying", "lastName": "Wei" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alexandra", "lastName": "Hoff" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marianne A.", "lastName": "Villabø" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jeremy", "lastName": "Peterman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Philip C.", "lastName": "Kendall" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John", "lastName": "Piacentini" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "James", "lastName": "McCracken" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John T.", "lastName": "Walkup" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Anne Marie", "lastName": "Albano" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Moira", "lastName": "Rynn" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Joel", "lastName": "Sherrill" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dara", "lastName": "Sakolsky" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Boris", "lastName": "Birmaher" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Golda", "lastName": "Ginsburg" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Courtney", "lastName": "Keeton" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Elizabeth", "lastName": "Gosch" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Scott N.", "lastName": "Compton" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John", "lastName": "March" } ], "abstractNote": "The present study examined the psychometric properties, including discriminant validity and clinical utility, of the youth self-report and parent-report forms of the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC) among youth with anxiety disorders. The sample included parents and youth (N = 488, 49.6% male) ages 7 to 17 who participated in the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Study. Although the typical low agreement between parent and youth self-reports was found, the MASC evidenced good internal reliability across MASC subscales and informants. The main MASC subscales (i.e., Physical Symptoms, Harm Avoidance, Social Anxiety, and Separation/Panic) were examined. The Social Anxiety and Separation/Panic subscales were found to be significantly predictive of the presence and severity of social phobia and separation anxiety disorder, respectively. Using multiple informants improved the accuracy of prediction. The MASC subscales demonstrated good psychometric properties and clinical utilities in identifying youth with anxiety disorders.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology: The Official Journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2014", "volume": "43", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "566-578", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol", "DOI": "10.1080/15374416.2013.814541", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23845036", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1537-4424", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 23845036 \nPMCID: PMC3858516", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adolescent", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Anxiety Disorders", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Child", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Multivariate Analysis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Parents", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Psychiatric Status Rating Scales", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Psychometrics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Reproducibility of Results", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Self Report", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "BCMCJEU6" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-10-21T18:36:33Z", "dateModified": "2014-10-21T18:36:50Z" } }, { "key": "T3E4DHXA", "version": 34, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 276258, "name": "TA 6 à 18 ans", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276258/items/T3E4DHXA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans/items/T3E4DHXA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 791694, "username": "morisa05", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/morisa05", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Langley et al.", "parsedDate": "2014", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "T3E4DHXA", "version": 34, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The child anxiety impact scale: examining parent- and child-reported impairment in child anxiety disorders", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Audra K.", "lastName": "Langley" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Avital", "lastName": "Falk" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tara", "lastName": "Peris" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Joshua F.", "lastName": "Wiley" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Philip C.", "lastName": "Kendall" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Golda", "lastName": "Ginsburg" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Boris", "lastName": "Birmaher" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John", "lastName": "March" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ann Marie", "lastName": "Albano" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John", "lastName": "Piacentini" } ], "abstractNote": "The purpose of the current investigation was to examine the factor structure, reliability, and construct validity of both the Child and Parent version of the Child Anxiety Impact Scale (CAIS) using data obtained from the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Study (Walkup et al., 2008 ). The CAIS child and parent versions measure anxiety-related functional impairment in school, social, and family domains. Participants were 488 children ages 7 to 17 (M age = 10.7, SD = 2.8 years) enrolled as part of the CAMS study across 6 sites and their primary parent or caregiver. Families participated in a structured diagnostic interview and then completed the CAIS along with other measures. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the a priori three-factor structure (school, social, and home/family) for the CAIS parent- and CAIS child-report was a reasonable fit, with a comparative fit index of .88 and root mean square error of approximation of .05. Internal consistency was very good for total score and subscales of both versions of the scale (Cronbach's α = .70-.90). The CAIS total scores demonstrated good construct validity, showing predicted significant correlations with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) Internalizing Scale, the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC) and Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) Total Scores, the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale, and the Children's Global Assessment Scale. In addition, CAIS Social and School subscales were significantly related to similar subscales on the CBCL, SCARED, and MASC. The results provide support that the CAIS is a reliable and valid measure for the assessment of the impact of anxiety on child and adolescent functioning.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology: The Official Journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2014", "volume": "43", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "579-591", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol", "DOI": "10.1080/15374416.2013.817311", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23915200", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1537-4424", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The child anxiety impact scale", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 23915200 \nPMCID: PMC4137893", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adolescent", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Anxiety Disorders", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Child", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Factor Analysis, Statistical", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Parents", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Psychiatric Status Rating Scales", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Reproducibility of Results", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Self Report", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "BCMCJEU6" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-10-21T18:35:56Z", "dateModified": "2014-10-21T18:36:11Z" } }, { "key": "6W99HHJM", "version": 34, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 276258, "name": "TA 6 à 18 ans", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276258/items/6W99HHJM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans/items/6W99HHJM", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 791694, "username": "morisa05", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/morisa05", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Gomez et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-02", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "6W99HHJM", "version": 34, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The factor structure of anxiety and depressive disorders in a sample of clinic-referred adolescents", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rapson", "lastName": "Gomez" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alasdair", "lastName": "Vance" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rashika Miranjani", "lastName": "Gomez" } ], "abstractNote": "The current study used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to examine the factor structure of anxiety and depressive disorders in a sample of clinic-referred adolescents, aged between 12 and 18 years, for diagnoses based on parent (N = 655; male = 441) and adolescent (N = 626; male = 417) interviews. Three models were examined: a 1-factor model, with all anxiety and depressive disorders in a single factor; a DSM-based 2-factor model, with anxiety disorders in one factor, and depressive disorders in another factor; and an alternate 2-factor model, with fear related anxiety disorders in one factor, and other anxiety and depressive disorders in another factor. The findings indicated support for all three models. Also, ADHD and ODD/CD were associated with only the shared variances between the latent factors in the 2-factor models, and not their unique variance. The implications of the findings for taxonomy, comorbidity, and clinical practice are discussed.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Feb 2014", "volume": "42", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "321-332", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Abnorm Child Psychol", "DOI": "10.1007/s10802-013-9787-z", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23942827", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1573-2835", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 23942827", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adolescent", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Anxiety Disorders", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Child", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Depressive Disorder", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Factor Analysis, Statistical", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Internal-External Control", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Reproducibility of Results", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "SHI7E66J" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-10-21T18:35:16Z", "dateModified": "2014-10-21T18:35:25Z" } }, { "key": "5T8H52B6", "version": 34, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 276258, "name": "TA 6 à 18 ans", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276258/items/5T8H52B6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans/items/5T8H52B6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 791694, "username": "morisa05", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/morisa05", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Caouette and Guyer", "parsedDate": "2014-04", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "5T8H52B6", "version": 34, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Gaining insight into adolescent vulnerability for social anxiety from developmental cognitive neuroscience", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Justin D.", "lastName": "Caouette" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Amanda E.", "lastName": "Guyer" } ], "abstractNote": "Social anxiety disorder (SAD) markedly impairs daily functioning. For adolescents, SAD can constrain typical development precisely when social experiences broaden, peers' opinions are highly salient, and social approval is actively sought. Individuals with extreme, impairing social anxiety fear evaluation from others, avoid social interactions, and interpret ambiguous social cues as threatening. Yet some degree of social anxiety can be normative and non-impairing. Furthermore, a temperament of behavioral inhibition increases risk for SAD for some, but not all adolescents with this temperament. One fruitful approach taken to understand the mechanisms of social anxiety has been to use neuroimaging to link affect and cognition with neural networks implicated in the neurodevelopmental social reorientation of adolescence. Although initial neuroimaging studies of adolescent SAD and risk for SAD underscored the role of fear-processing circuits (e.g., the amygdala and ventral prefrontal cortex), recent work has expanded these circuits to include reward-processing structures in the basal ganglia. A growing focus on reward-related neural circuitry holds promise for innovative translational research needed to differentiate impairing from normative social anxiety and for novel ways to treat adolescent SAD that focus on both social avoidance and social approach.", "publicationTitle": "Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Apr 2014", "volume": "8", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "65-76", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Dev Cogn Neurosci", "DOI": "10.1016/j.dcn.2013.10.003", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24239049", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1878-9307", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 24239049 \nPMCID: PMC3960349", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adolescent", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adolescent Development", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Amygdala", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Anxiety Disorders", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cognition", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Disease Susceptibility", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Motivation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Phobic Disorders", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Reward", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "M3F5TACW" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-10-21T18:34:50Z", "dateModified": "2014-10-21T18:35:00Z" } }, { "key": "8WST939V", "version": 34, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 276258, "name": "TA 6 à 18 ans", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276258/items/8WST939V", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans/items/8WST939V", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 791694, "username": "morisa05", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/morisa05", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Liao et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-02", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "8WST939V", "version": 34, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Lack of gender effects on gray matter volumes in adolescent generalized anxiety disorder", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mei", "lastName": "Liao" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Fan", "lastName": "Yang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Yan", "lastName": "Zhang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Zhong", "lastName": "He" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Linyan", "lastName": "Su" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lingjiang", "lastName": "Li" } ], "abstractNote": "BACKGROUND: Previous epidemiological and clinical studies have reported gender differences in prevalence and clinical features of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Such gender differences in clinical phenomenology suggest that the underlying neural circuitry of GAD could also be different in males and females. This study aimed to explore the possible gender effect on gray matter volumes in adolescents with GAD.\nMETHODS: Twenty-six adolescent GAD patients and 25 healthy controls participated and underwent high-resolution structural magnetic resonance scans. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to investigate gray matter alterations.\nRESULTS: Our study revealed a significant diagnosis main effect in the right putamen, with larger gray matter volumes in GAD patients compared to healthy controls, and a significant gender main effect in the left precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex, with larger gray matter volumes in males compared to females. No gender-by-diagnosis interaction effect was found in this study.\nLIMITATIONS: The relatively small sample size in this study might result in a lack of power to demonstrate gender effects on brain structure in GAD.\nCONCLUSIONS: The results suggested that there are differences in gray matter volumes between males and females, but gray matter volumes in GAD are not influenced by gender.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Affective Disorders", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Feb 2014", "volume": "155", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "278-282", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Affect Disord", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jad.2013.10.049", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24262640", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1573-2517", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 24262640", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adolescent", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Anxiety Disorders", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Brain", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Case-Control Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Magnetic Resonance Imaging", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Organ Size", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sex Factors", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "SHI7E66J" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-10-21T18:33:58Z", "dateModified": "2014-10-21T18:34:08Z" } }, { "key": "ZRFZAV9Z", "version": 34, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 276258, "name": "TA 6 à 18 ans", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276258/items/ZRFZAV9Z", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans/items/ZRFZAV9Z", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 791694, "username": "morisa05", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/morisa05", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ernst et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-04", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ZRFZAV9Z", "version": 34, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Loss aversion and 5HTT gene variants in adolescent anxiety", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Monique", "lastName": "Ernst" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rista C.", "lastName": "Plate" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christina O.", "lastName": "Carlisi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Elena", "lastName": "Gorodetsky" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David", "lastName": "Goldman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Daniel S.", "lastName": "Pine" } ], "abstractNote": "Loss aversion, a well-documented behavioral phenomenon, characterizes decisions under risk in adult populations. As such, loss aversion may provide a reliable measure of risky behavior. Surprisingly, little is known about loss aversion in adolescents, a group who manifests risk-taking behavior, or in anxiety disorders, which are associated with risk-avoidance. Finally, loss aversion is expected to be modulated by genotype, particularly the serotonin transporter (SERT) gene variant, based on its role in anxiety and impulsivity. This genetic modulation may also differ between anxious and healthy adolescents, given their distinct propensities for risk taking. The present work examines the modulation of loss aversion, an index of risk-taking, and reaction-time to decision, an index of impulsivity, by the serotonin-transporter-gene-linked polymorphisms (5HTTLPR) in healthy and clinically anxious adolescents. Findings show that loss aversion (1) does manifest in adolescents, (2) does not differ between healthy and clinically anxious participants, and (3), when stratified by SERT genotype, identifies a subset of anxious adolescents who are high SERT-expressers, and show excessively low loss-aversion and high impulsivity. This last finding may serve as preliminary evidence for 5HTTLPR as a risk factor for the development of comorbid disorders associated with risk-taking and impulsivity in clinically anxious adolescents.", "publicationTitle": "Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Apr 2014", "volume": "8", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "77-85", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Dev Cogn Neurosci", "DOI": "10.1016/j.dcn.2013.10.002", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24280015", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1878-9307", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 24280015 \nPMCID: PMC3960326", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adolescent", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Anxiety Disorders", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Case-Control Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Child", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Comorbidity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Impulsive Behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Polymorphism, Genetic", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Reaction Time", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Risk Factors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Risk-Taking", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "SHI7E66J" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-10-21T18:33:25Z", "dateModified": "2014-10-21T18:33:35Z" } }, { "key": "BDHMZ3DS", "version": 34, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 276258, "name": "TA 6 à 18 ans", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276258/items/BDHMZ3DS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans/items/BDHMZ3DS", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 791694, "username": "morisa05", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/morisa05", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "da Costa et al.", "parsedDate": "2013-12", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BDHMZ3DS", "version": 34, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Comparison among clomipramine, fluoxetine, and placebo for the treatment of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Carolina Zadrozny Gouvêa", "lastName": "da Costa" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rosa Magaly Campelo Borba", "lastName": "de Morais" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dirce Maria Trevisan", "lastName": "Zanetta" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gizela", "lastName": "Turkiewicz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Francisco", "lastName": "Lotufo Neto" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Márcia", "lastName": "Morikawa" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Camila Luisi", "lastName": "Rodrigues" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Eunice Monteiro", "lastName": "Labbadia" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Fernando Ramos", "lastName": "Asbahr" } ], "abstractNote": "OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of clomipramine and fluoxetine, controlled by placebo, and compare their action in children and adolescents with anxiety disorders.\nMETHOD: Thirty subjects (ages 7-17 years), who were diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder and/or separation anxiety disorder and/or social phobia, were submitted to a 12 week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of clomipramine and fluoxetine. The instruments included: the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children, the Children's Depression Inventory, the Clinical Global Impressions, and the Children's Global Assessment Scale.\nRESULTS: All groups (clomipramine [n=9], fluoxetine [n=10], placebo [n=11]) showed a significant improvement after 12 weeks of treatment. There were significant differences between the fluoxetine and placebo groups in some ratings of anxiety severity and impairment. No significant differences were observed between clomipramine and placebo groups or between fluoxetine and clomipramine groups.\nCONCLUSIONS: Treatment with placebo showed an unusual high response rate. Clomipramine showed similar efficacy compared with fluoxetine, although it was not superior to placebo.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Dec 2013", "volume": "23", "issue": "10", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "687-692", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol", "DOI": "10.1089/cap.2012.0110", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24350814", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1557-8992", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 24350814 \nPMCID: PMC3870579", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adolescent", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Anxiety Disorders", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Child", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Clomipramine", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Double-Blind Method", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fluoxetine", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Placebos", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "BCMCJEU6" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-10-21T18:32:18Z", "dateModified": "2014-10-21T18:32:29Z" } }, { "key": "3ZATAQDQ", "version": 34, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 276258, "name": "TA 6 à 18 ans", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276258/items/3ZATAQDQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans/items/3ZATAQDQ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 791694, "username": "morisa05", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/morisa05", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Betts et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "3ZATAQDQ", "version": 34, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Maternal depressive, anxious, and stress symptoms during pregnancy predict internalizing problems in adolescence", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kim S.", "lastName": "Betts" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gail M.", "lastName": "Williams" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jacob M.", "lastName": "Najman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rosa", "lastName": "Alati" } ], "abstractNote": "BACKGROUND: Studies have shown a link between maternal-prenatal mental health and offspring behavior problems. In this paper, we derived longitudinal trajectories of maternal depressive, anxious, and stress symptoms over early life to predict offspring behavior in adolescence.\nMETHODS: Participants included 3,925 mother-offspring pairs from the Mater University Study of Pregnancy (MUSP), an Australian-based, prebirth cohort study. Latent class growth analysis with parallel processes was used to identify trajectories of maternal depressive, anxious, and stress symptoms over four measurement periods between the mothers' first clinic visit and 5 years postpregnancy. The estimates from the maternal trajectories were used to fit multivariate logistic regression models and predict internalizing and externalizing behavior at age 14. We adjusted for a wide range of factors, including a number of prenatal confounders, concurrent maternal depressive and anxious symptoms, father's history of mental problems, and maternal life events relationship quality and contact with the new born.\nRESULTS: Seven maternal trajectories were identified one of which isolated high levels of depressive, anxious, and stress symptoms during pregnancy. After adjustment for confounders, this was the only trajectory that predicted higher internalizing behavior in adolescence. No specific maternal trajectory predicted externalizing problems.\nCONCLUSIONS: We found evidence for a prenatal effect, whereby high levels of maternal depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in early pregnancy uniquely increased the risk of internalizing behavior problems in adolescence.", "publicationTitle": "Depression and Anxiety", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Jan 2014", "volume": "31", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "9-18", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Depress Anxiety", "DOI": "10.1002/da.22210", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24395339", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1520-6394", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 24395339", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adolescent", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adolescent Behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Anxiety", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Child Behavior Disorders", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Child, Preschool", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Depression", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Infant", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Infant, Newborn", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Mother-Child Relations", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Mothers", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Predictive Value of Tests", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Pregnancy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Pregnancy Complications", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Prospective Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Queensland", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Stress, Psychological", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "SHI7E66J" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-10-21T18:32:02Z", "dateModified": "2014-10-21T18:32:12Z" } }, { "key": "CSQK3CG8", "version": 34, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 276258, "name": "TA 6 à 18 ans", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276258/items/CSQK3CG8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans/items/CSQK3CG8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 791694, "username": "morisa05", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/morisa05", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Van Meter et al.", "parsedDate": "2014", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "CSQK3CG8", "version": 34, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Clinical decision making about child and adolescent anxiety disorders using the Achenbach system of empirically based assessment", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Anna", "lastName": "Van Meter" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Eric", "lastName": "Youngstrom" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jennifer Kogos", "lastName": "Youngstrom" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Thomas", "lastName": "Ollendick" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christine", "lastName": "Demeter" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robert L.", "lastName": "Findling" } ], "abstractNote": "Anxiety disorders are common among children but can be difficult to diagnose. An actuarial approach to the diagnosis of anxiety may improve the efficiency and accuracy of the process. The objectives of this study were to determine the clinical utility of the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Youth Self Report (YSR), two widely used assessment tools, for diagnosing anxiety disorders in youth and to aid clinicians in incorporating scale scores into an actuarial approach to diagnosis through a clinical vignette. Demographically diverse youth, 5 to 18 years of age, were drawn from two samples; one (N = 1,084) was recruited from a research center, and the second (N = 651) was recruited from an urban community mental health center. Consensus diagnoses integrated information from semistructured interview, family history, treatment history, and clinical judgment. The CBCL and YSR internalizing problems T scores discriminated cases with any anxiety disorder or with generalized anxiety disorder from all other diagnoses in both samples (ps < .0005); the two scales had equivalent discriminative validity (ps > .05 for tests of difference). No other scales, nor any combination of scales, significantly improved on the performance of the Internalizing scale. In the highest risk group, Internalizing scores greater than 69 (CBCL) or greater than 63 (YSR) resulted in a Diagnostic Likelihood Ratio of 1.5; low scores reduced the likelihood of anxiety disorders by a factor of 4. Combined with other risk factor information in an actuarial approach to assessment and diagnosis, the CBCL and YSR Internalizing scales provide valuable information about whether a youth is likely suffering from an anxiety disorder.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology: The Official Journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2014", "volume": "43", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "552-565", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol", "DOI": "10.1080/15374416.2014.883930", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24697608", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1537-4424", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 24697608 \nPMCID: PMC4101065", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adolescent", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Anxiety Disorders", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Child", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Child, Preschool", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Diagnosis, Differential", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Psychiatric Status Rating Scales", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Questionnaires", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Reproducibility of Results", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Self Report", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "BCMCJEU6" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-10-21T18:31:37Z", "dateModified": "2014-10-21T18:31:48Z" } }, { "key": "CC7WWI3I", "version": 34, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 276258, "name": "TA 6 à 18 ans", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276258/items/CC7WWI3I", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans/items/CC7WWI3I", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 791694, "username": "morisa05", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/morisa05", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ask et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-05", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "CC7WWI3I", "version": 34, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Genetic and environmental causes of variation in adolescent anxiety symptoms: a multiple-rater twin study", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Helga", "lastName": "Ask" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Svenn", "lastName": "Torgersen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Karoline Brobakke", "lastName": "Seglem" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Trine", "lastName": "Waaktaar" } ], "abstractNote": "Heritability estimates for adolescent anxiety vary across studies, partly depending on who is rating the symptoms. The goal of our study was to estimate genetic and environmental influences using a multi-informant design with responses from a population-based sample of adolescent twins, their mothers and their fathers (N=1394 families). Results from multivariate biometrical modeling indicated quantitative, but no qualitative sex differences in etiology. The best fitting model was an AE Common Pathway model, defining anxiety as a latent factor common to all informants. This model offers error free estimates of genetic and environmental influences explaining the latent factor variance. Variation in the latent factor was highly genetic, with heritability estimates of 65% for boys and 74% for girls. Non-shared environmental effects explained the remaining variance. In addition, there were significant rater-specific genetic and environmental effects for both sexes. The observed rater differences underline the importance of using several informants when studying adolescent anxiety.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Anxiety Disorders", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 2014", "volume": "28", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "363-371", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Anxiety Disord", "DOI": "10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.04.003", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24793742", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1873-7897", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Genetic and environmental causes of variation in adolescent anxiety symptoms", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 24793742", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adolescent", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Anxiety Disorders", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Diseases in Twins", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Gene-Environment Interaction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Multivariate Analysis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Questionnaires", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sex Factors", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "SHI7E66J" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-10-21T18:31:16Z", "dateModified": "2014-10-21T18:31:26Z" } }, { "key": "VFKXP6IM", "version": 34, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 276258, "name": "TA 6 à 18 ans", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276258/items/VFKXP6IM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans/items/VFKXP6IM", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 791694, "username": "morisa05", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/morisa05", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Queen et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-08", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "VFKXP6IM", "version": 34, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The trajectories of adolescent anxiety and depressive symptoms over the course of a transdiagnostic treatment", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alexander H.", "lastName": "Queen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David H.", "lastName": "Barlow" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jill", "lastName": "Ehrenreich-May" } ], "abstractNote": "Anxiety and depressive disorders commonly co-occur during adolescence, share multiple vulnerability factors, and respond to similar psychosocial and pharmacological interventions. However, anxiety and depression may also be considered distinct constructs and differ on some underlying properties. Prior research efforts on evidence-based treatments for youth have been unable to examine the concurrent trajectories of primary anxiety and depressive concerns across the course of treatment. The advent of transdiagnostic approaches for these emotional disorders in youth allows for such examination. The present study examined the separate trajectories of adolescent anxiety and depressive symptoms over the course of a transdiagnostic intervention, the Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Adolescence (UP-A; Ehrenreich et al., 2008), as well as up to six months following treatment. The sample included 59 adolescents ages 12-17 years old (M=15.42, SD=1.71) who completed at least eight sessions of the UP-A as part of an open trial or randomized, controlled trial across two treatment sites. Piecewise latent growth curve analyses found adolescent self-rated anxiety and depressive symptoms showed similar rates of improvement during treatment, but while anxiety symptoms continued to improve during follow-up, depressive symptoms showed non-significant improvement after treatment. Parent-rated symptoms also showed similar rates of improvement for anxiety and depression during the UP-A to those observed for adolescent self-report, but little improvement after treatment across either anxiety or depressive symptoms. To a certain degree, the results mirror those observed among other evidence-based treatments for youth with anxiety and depression, though results hold implications for future iterations of transdiagnostic treatments regarding optimization of outcomes for adolescents with depressive symptoms.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Anxiety Disorders", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Aug 2014", "volume": "28", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "511-521", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Anxiety Disord", "DOI": "10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.05.007", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24960439", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1873-7897", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 24960439", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adolescent", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Anxiety", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Anxiety Disorders", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Clinical Protocols", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Depression", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Depressive Disorder", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Models, Psychological", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Psychotherapy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Risk Factors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Self Report", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "BCMCJEU6" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-10-21T18:30:51Z", "dateModified": "2014-10-21T18:31:00Z" } }, { "key": "T2CD96VT", "version": 34, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 276258, "name": "TA 6 à 18 ans", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276258/items/T2CD96VT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans/items/T2CD96VT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 791694, "username": "morisa05", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/morisa05", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Liu et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-08", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "T2CD96VT", "version": 34, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Psychotropic drug utilization in children with concurrent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and anxiety", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Xinyue", "lastName": "Liu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Paul", "lastName": "Kubilis" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dandan", "lastName": "Xu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Regina", "lastName": "Bussing" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Almut G.", "lastName": "Winterstein" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Anxiety Disorders", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Aug 2014", "volume": "28", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "530-536", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Anxiety Disord", "DOI": "10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.06.005", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24981018", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1873-7897", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 24981018", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adolescent", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Anxiety Disorders", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Child", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Child, Preschool", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cross-Sectional Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Drug Therapy, Combination", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Psychotropic Drugs", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Retrospective Studies", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "BCMCJEU6" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-10-21T18:30:36Z", "dateModified": "2014-10-21T18:30:45Z" } }, { "key": "S357M2QX", "version": 34, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 276258, "name": "TA 6 à 18 ans", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276258/items/S357M2QX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans/items/S357M2QX", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 791694, "username": "morisa05", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/morisa05", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hubbard et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-09", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "S357M2QX", "version": 34, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "B-13SPECT Imaging Differences in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder versus Children with Anxiety", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L.", "lastName": "Hubbard" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Amen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K.", "lastName": "Willeumier" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Taylor" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C.", "lastName": "Golden" } ], "abstractNote": "OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine whether differences in cerebral blood flow (CBF) exist in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) verses children with anxiety while concentrating.\nMETHOD: A clinical sample of 1186 children was selected. Participants included 854 male and female children diagnosed with ADHD (i.e., combined type, mostly inattentive, asymptomatic, and inattentive type) and 332 male and female children who received a diagnosis of anxiety based on DSM-IV criteria. The average age was 12.13 years (SD = 3.54). CBF was measured during administration of the Conners' Continuous Performance Test 2(nd) edition via a SPECT scan. Regions of interest (ROIs) were based on the Automated Anatomical Labeling (AAL) brain atlas.\nRESULTS: Using a .05 significant level, t-tests indicated that children diagnosed with ADHD demonstrated greater CBF in 29 ROIs while concentrating. In ADHD children, the majority of the ROIs that demonstrated greater CBF were located in the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes and cerebellum with the most significance displayed in the left and right hemispheres of the temporal lobe.\nCONCLUSION(S): SPECT imaging evidenced that differences exist in CBF between children diagnosed with ADHD and children diagnosed with anxiety when presented with a concentration task. The numerous ROIs associated with greater CBF indicate that ADHD children have more active frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes during concentration than children diagnosed with anxiety in the same brain areas.", "publicationTitle": "Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology: The Official Journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Sep 2014", "volume": "29", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "541", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Arch Clin Neuropsychol", "DOI": "10.1093/arclin/acu038.101", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25176763", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1873-5843", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 25176763", "tags": [], "collections": [ "BCMCJEU6" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-10-21T18:30:02Z", "dateModified": "2014-10-21T18:30:12Z" } }, { "key": "8QKRC4D6", "version": 34, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 276258, "name": "TA 6 à 18 ans", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276258/items/8QKRC4D6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans/items/8QKRC4D6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 791694, "username": "morisa05", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/morisa05", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Perrin", "parsedDate": "2014-11", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "8QKRC4D6", "version": 34, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Children exposed to trauma should be screened for symptoms of PTSD", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sean", "lastName": "Perrin" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Evidence-Based Mental Health", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Nov 2014", "volume": "17", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "107", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Evid Based Ment Health", "DOI": "10.1136/eb-2014-101888", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25179637", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1468-960X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 25179637", "tags": [], "collections": [ "BCMCJEU6" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-10-21T18:29:40Z", "dateModified": "2014-10-21T18:29:40Z" } }, { "key": "WZKGB6WF", "version": 34, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 276258, "name": "TA 6 à 18 ans", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276258/items/WZKGB6WF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans/items/WZKGB6WF", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 791694, "username": "morisa05", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/morisa05", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Miers et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-09-17", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "WZKGB6WF", "version": 34, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Developmental pathways of social avoidance across adolescence: The role of social anxiety and negative cognition", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Anne C.", "lastName": "Miers" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Anke W.", "lastName": "Blöte" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David A.", "lastName": "Heyne" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P. Michiel", "lastName": "Westenberg" } ], "abstractNote": "It is argued that the adolescent onset of social anxiety disorder (SAD) may be partly attributable to an increase in avoidance of social situations across this period. The current cohort-sequential study investigated developmental pathways of social avoidance in adolescence and examined the explanatory role of social anxiety and negative cognitive processes. A community sample of youth (9-21 years, N=331) participated in a four-wave study. Trajectory analyses revealed two pathways: an increased avoidance pathway and a low avoidance pathway. The pathways were hardly distinguishable at age 9 and they steadily diverged across adolescence. Logistic regression analyses showed that social anxiety and post-event rumination were significantly related to the increased avoidance pathway; anticipatory processing and self-focused attention were not. The findings suggest that adolescence is a key developmental period for the progression of social avoidance among youth who show relatively high levels of social anxiety and post-event rumination.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Anxiety Disorders", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Sep 17, 2014", "volume": "28", "issue": "8", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "787-794", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Anxiety Disord", "DOI": "10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.09.008", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25265547", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1873-7897", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Developmental pathways of social avoidance across adolescence", "language": "ENG", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 25265547", "tags": [], "collections": [ "SHI7E66J" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-10-21T18:28:20Z", "dateModified": "2014-10-21T18:28:31Z" } }, { "key": "N6UAWUX6", "version": 34, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 276258, "name": "TA 6 à 18 ans", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276258/items/N6UAWUX6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans/items/N6UAWUX6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 791694, "username": "morisa05", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/morisa05", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Gordon-Hollingsworth et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-10-08", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "N6UAWUX6", "version": 34, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Anxiety Disorders in Caucasian and African American Children: A Comparison of Clinical Characteristics, Treatment Process Variables, and Treatment Outcomes", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Arlene T.", "lastName": "Gordon-Hollingsworth" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Emily M.", "lastName": "Becker" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Golda S.", "lastName": "Ginsburg" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Courtney", "lastName": "Keeton" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Scott N.", "lastName": "Compton" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Boris B.", "lastName": "Birmaher" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dara J.", "lastName": "Sakolsky" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John", "lastName": "Piacentini" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Anne M.", "lastName": "Albano" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Philip C.", "lastName": "Kendall" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Cynthia M.", "lastName": "Suveg" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John S.", "lastName": "March" } ], "abstractNote": "This study examined racial differences in anxious youth using data from the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Study (CAMS) [1]. Specifically, the study aims addressed whether African American (n = 44) versus Caucasian (n = 359) children varied on (1) baseline clinical characteristics, (2) treatment process variables, and (3) treatment outcomes. Participants were ages 7-17 and met DSM-IV-TR criteria for generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, and/or separation anxiety disorder. Baseline data, as well as outcome data at 12 and 24 weeks, were obtained by independent evaluators. Weekly treatment process variables were collected by therapists. Results indicated no racial differences on baseline clinical characteristics. However, African American participants attended fewer psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy sessions, and were rated by therapists as less involved and compliant, in addition to showing lower mastery of CBT. Once these and other demographic factors were accounted for, race was not a significant predictor of response, remission, or relapse. Implications of these findings suggest African American and Caucasian youth are more similar than different with respect to the manifestations of anxiety and differences in outcomes are likely due to treatment barriers to session attendance and therapist engagement.", "publicationTitle": "Child Psychiatry and Human Development", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Oct 8, 2014", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Child Psychiatry Hum Dev", "DOI": "10.1007/s10578-014-0507-x", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25293650", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1573-3327", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Anxiety Disorders in Caucasian and African American Children", "language": "ENG", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 25293650", "tags": [], "collections": [ "SHI7E66J" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-10-21T18:27:46Z", "dateModified": "2014-10-21T18:28:00Z" } }, { "key": "73ADA854", "version": 34, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 276258, "name": "TA 6 à 18 ans", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276258/items/73ADA854", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans/items/73ADA854", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 791694, "username": "morisa05", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/morisa05", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Zhao et al.", "parsedDate": "2014", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "73ADA854", "version": 34, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Gender differences in the relationship between attentional bias to threat and social anxiety in adolescents", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Xin", "lastName": "Zhao" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Peng", "lastName": "Zhang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ling", "lastName": "Chen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Renlai", "lastName": "Zhou" } ], "abstractNote": "In the current study, gender differences in the relationship between attentional bias to threat and social anxiety were tested in 10- to 16-year-olds. Emotional faces were used as the experiment material, and a modified dot probe task was used to measure attentional bias. The level of social anxiety, depression, and loneliness were also measured via the Social Anxiety Scale for Children, Children’s Depression Inventory, and Children’s Loneliness Scale. Results indicated that males’ attentional bias to threat was significantly, positively correlated with their social anxiety, yet no correlation was found for females. For adolescents, the gender differences in the relationship between attentional bias to threat and social anxiety was notable.", "publicationTitle": "Personality and Individual Differences", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "décembre 2014", "volume": "71", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "108-112", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Personality and Individual Differences", "DOI": "10.1016/j.paid.2014.07.023", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S019188691400419X", "accessDate": "2014-10-21T17:31:38Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0191-8869", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adolescence", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Attentional bias", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Gender differences", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Social anxiety", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "SHI7E66J" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-10-21T17:31:38Z", "dateModified": "2014-10-21T17:31:38Z" } }, { "key": "V58MR94C", "version": 34, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 276258, "name": "TA 6 à 18 ans", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276258/items/V58MR94C", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans/items/V58MR94C", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 791694, "username": "morisa05", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/morisa05", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Samuels et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-10", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "V58MR94C", "version": 34, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Hoarding in children and adolescents with obsessive–compulsive disorder", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jack", "lastName": "Samuels" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marco A.", "lastName": "Grados" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mark A.", "lastName": "Riddle" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "O. Joseph", "lastName": "Bienvenu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Fernando S.", "lastName": "Goes" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bernadette", "lastName": "Cullen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ying", "lastName": "Wang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Benjamin D.", "lastName": "Greenberg" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Abby J.", "lastName": "Fyer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "James T.", "lastName": "McCracken" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dan", "lastName": "Geller" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dennis L.", "lastName": "Murphy" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "James A.", "lastName": "Knowles" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Steven A.", "lastName": "Rasmussen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nicole C.", "lastName": "McLaughlin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John", "lastName": "Piacentini" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David L.", "lastName": "Pauls" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S. Evelyn", "lastName": "Stewart" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Yin-Yao", "lastName": "Shugart" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Brion", "lastName": "Maher" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ann E.", "lastName": "Pulver" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gerald", "lastName": "Nestadt" } ], "abstractNote": "Compared to studies in adults, there have been few studies of hoarding in children and adolescents with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). In the current study, we evaluated OCD clinical features, Axis I disorders, and social reciprocity scores in 641 children and adolescents with OCD, of whom 163 (25%) had hoarding compulsions and 478 did not. We found that, as a group, youth with hoarding had an earlier age at onset and more severe lifetime OCD symptoms, poorer insight, more difficulty making decisions and completing tasks, and more overall impairment. The hoarding group also had a greater lifetime prevalence of panic disorder, specific phobia, Tourette disorder, and tics. As measured with the Social Reciprocity Scale, the hoarding group had more severe deficits in parent-rated domains of social communication, social motivation, and restricted interests and repetitive behavior. In a multivariable model, the overall social reciprocity score, age at onset of OCD symptoms, symmetry obsessions, and indecision were independently related to hoarding in these children and adolescents with OCD. These features should be considered as candidate risk factors for the development of hoarding behavior in pediatric OCD.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "octobre 2014", "volume": "3", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "325-331", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jocrd.2014.08.001", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211364914000700", "accessDate": "2014-10-21T17:31:10Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "2211-3649", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adolescents", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Children", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Hoarding", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Indecision", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "OCD", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Social reciprocity", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "M3F5TACW" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-10-21T17:31:10Z", "dateModified": "2014-10-21T17:31:10Z" } }, { "key": "XDBK46QB", "version": 34, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 276258, "name": "TA 6 à 18 ans", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276258/items/XDBK46QB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans/items/XDBK46QB", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 791694, "username": "morisa05", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/morisa05", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Asselmann et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-09-09", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "XDBK46QB", "version": 34, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The role of the mother–child relationship for anxiety disorders and depression: results from a prospective-longitudinal study in adolescents and their mothers", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Eva", "lastName": "Asselmann" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Hans-Ulrich", "lastName": "Wittchen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Roselind", "lastName": "Lieb" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Katja", "lastName": "Beesdo-Baum" } ], "abstractNote": "This study aims to examine whether (a) low child valence (emotional connectedness) within the mother–child relationship increases the risk for offspring depression, (b) low child potency (individual autonomy) increases the risk for offspring anxiety, and (c) maternal psychopathology pronounces these associations. We used data from a prospective-longitudinal study of adolescents (aged 14–17 at baseline) and their mothers (N = 1,015 mother–child dyads). Anxiety disorders and depression were assessed repeatedly over 10 years in adolescents (T0, T1, T2, T3) and their mothers (T1, T3) using the DSM-IV/M-CIDI. Valence and potency were assessed in mothers (T1) with the Subjective Family Image Questionnaire. Odds ratios (OR) from logistic regression were used to estimate associations between low child valence/potency and offspring psychopathology (cumulated lifetime incidences; adjusted for sex and age). In separate models (low valence or low potency as predictor), low child valence predicted offspring depression only (OR = 1.26 per SD), while low child potency predicted offspring anxiety (OR = 1.24) and depression (OR = 1.24). In multiple models (low valence and low potency as predictors), low child valence predicted offspring depression only (OR = 1.19), while low child potency predicted offspring anxiety only (OR = 1.22). Low child potency interacted with maternal anxiety on predicting offspring depression (OR = 1.49), i.e. low child potency predicted offspring depression only in the presence of maternal anxiety (OR = 1.33). These findings suggest that low child valence increases the risk for offspring depression, while low child potency increases the risk for offspring anxiety and depression and interacts with maternal psychopathology on predicting offspring depression.", "publicationTitle": "European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2014/09/09", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1-11", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry", "DOI": "10.1007/s00787-014-0596-x", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00787-014-0596-x", "accessDate": "2014-10-21T17:29:30Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1018-8827, 1435-165X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The role of the mother–child relationship for anxiety disorders and depression", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "link.springer.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adolescents", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Anxiety", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Depression", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Epidemiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Mother–child relationship", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Potency", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Psychiatry", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Valence", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "M3F5TACW" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-10-21T17:29:30Z", "dateModified": "2014-10-21T17:29:30Z" } }, { "key": "IWTBTFXC", "version": 34, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 276258, "name": "TA 6 à 18 ans", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276258/items/IWTBTFXC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans/items/IWTBTFXC", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 791694, "username": "morisa05", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/morisa05", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lebowitz et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-09-11", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "IWTBTFXC", "version": 34, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Child-Report of Family Accommodation in Pediatric Anxiety Disorders: Comparison and Integration with Mother-Report", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Eli R.", "lastName": "Lebowitz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lindsay", "lastName": "Scharfstein" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Johnna", "lastName": "Jones" } ], "abstractNote": "Reducing family accommodation (FA) may be beneficial in cases of childhood anxiety disorders. Assessment of FA has so far relied on single-informant maternal report, which may be biased by factors including maternal anxiety. We compared child and mother reports of FA, and examined whether maternal anxiety moderates the association between mother and child report. Participants were fifty children with primary DSM-5 anxiety disorders, and their mothers. Mother–child agreement was good for overall FA and moderate for subdomains of FA. Mothers reported significantly more FA than children. Maternal anxiety moderated the association between mother and child report of FA, such that the correlation was stronger in more anxious mothers. Children agreed that FA helps them feel less anxious and did not agree that parents should accommodate less. FA is an important clinical characteristic of childhood anxiety disorders and assessment can be enhanced through child report and consideration of maternal anxiety.", "publicationTitle": "Child Psychiatry & Human Development", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2014/09/11", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1-11", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Child Psychiatry Hum Dev", "DOI": "10.1007/s10578-014-0491-1", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10578-014-0491-1", "accessDate": "2014-10-21T17:27:43Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0009-398X, 1573-3327", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Child-Report of Family Accommodation in Pediatric Anxiety Disorders", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "link.springer.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Anxiety", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Child and School Psychology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Disorders of childhood", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Family accommodation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Measurement", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Parenting", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Psychiatry", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "M3F5TACW" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-10-21T17:27:43Z", "dateModified": "2014-10-21T17:27:43Z" } }, { "key": "UN5PRJ66", "version": 34, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 276258, "name": "TA 6 à 18 ans", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276258/items/UN5PRJ66", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans/items/UN5PRJ66", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 791694, "username": "morisa05", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/morisa05", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Skarphedinsson et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-09-20", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "UN5PRJ66", "version": 34, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Continued cognitive-behavior therapy versus sertraline for children and adolescents with obsessive–compulsive disorder that were non-responders to cognitive-behavior therapy: a randomized controlled trial", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gudmundur", "lastName": "Skarphedinsson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bernhard", "lastName": "Weidle" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Per Hove", "lastName": "Thomsen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kitty", "lastName": "Dahl" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nor Christian", "lastName": "Torp" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Judith B.", "lastName": "Nissen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Karin Holmgren", "lastName": "Melin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Katja", "lastName": "Hybel" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robert", "lastName": "Valderhaug" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tore", "lastName": "Wentzel-Larsen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Scott N.", "lastName": "Compton" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tord", "lastName": "Ivarsson" } ], "abstractNote": "Expert guidelines recommend cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) as a first-line treatment in pediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and the addition of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors when CBT is not effective. However, the recommendations for CBT non-responders are not supported by empirical data. Our objective was to investigate the effectiveness of sertraline (SRT) versus continued CBT in children and adolescents that did not respond to an initial course of CBT. Randomized controlled trial conducted in five sites in Denmark, Sweden and Norway, 54 children and adolescents, age 7–17 years, with DSM-IV primary OCD were randomized to SRT or continued CBT for 16 weeks. These participants had been classified as non-responders to CBT following 14 weekly sessions. Primary outcomes were the CY-BOCS total score and clinical response (CY-BOCS <16). The study was a part of the Nordic Long-Term OCD Treatment Study (NordLOTS). Intent-to-treat sample included 50 participants, mean age 14.0 (SD = 2.7) and 48 % (n = 24) males. Twenty-one of 28 participants (75 %) completed continued CBT and 15 of 22 participants (69.2 %) completed SRT. Planned pairwise comparison of the CY-BOCS total score did not reveal a significant difference between the treatments (p = .351), the response rate was 50.0 % in the CBT group and 45.4 % in the SRT group. The multivariate χ 2 test suggested that there were no statistically significant differences between groups (p = .727). Within-group effect sizes were large and significant across both treatments. These large within-group effect sizes suggest that continued treatment for CBT non-responders is beneficial. However, there was no significant between-group differences in SRT or continued CBT at post-treatment.", "publicationTitle": "European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2014/09/20", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1-12", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry", "DOI": "10.1007/s00787-014-0613-0", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00787-014-0613-0", "accessDate": "2014-10-21T17:26:54Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1018-8827, 1435-165X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Continued cognitive-behavior therapy versus sertraline for children and adolescents with obsessive–compulsive disorder that were non-responders to cognitive-behavior therapy", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "link.springer.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Children and adolescents", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cognitive-behavior therapy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Obsessive–compulsive disorder", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Psychiatry", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sertraline", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Treatment Outcome", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "BCMCJEU6" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-10-21T17:26:54Z", "dateModified": "2014-10-21T17:26:54Z" } }, { "key": "FI79PIHX", "version": 34, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 276258, "name": "TA 6 à 18 ans", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276258/items/FI79PIHX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans/items/FI79PIHX", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 791694, "username": "morisa05", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/morisa05", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Turner et al.", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "FI79PIHX", "version": 34, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Telephone Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Adolescents With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Non-Inferiority Trial", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Cynthia M.", "lastName": "Turner" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David", "lastName": "Mataix-Cols" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Karina", "lastName": "Lovell" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Georgina", "lastName": "Krebs" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Katie", "lastName": "Lang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sarah", "lastName": "Byford" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Isobel", "lastName": "Heyman" } ], "abstractNote": "AbstractObjective\nMany adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) do not have access to evidence-based treatment. A randomized controlled non-inferiority trial was conducted within a specialist OCD clinic to evaluate the effectiveness of telephone cognitive-behavioral therapy (TCBT) for adolescents with OCD compared to standard clinic-based face-to-face CBT.\nMethod\nSeventy-two adolescents aged 11-18 years with primary OCD and their parents were randomized to receive specialist TCBT or CBT. The intervention provided differed only in the method of treatment delivery. All participants received up to 14 sessions of CBT, incorporating exposure with response prevention (E/RP), provided by experienced therapists. The primary outcome measure was the Children’s Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS). Blind assessor ratings were obtained at midtreatment, posttreatment, 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month follow-up.\nResults\nIntent-to-treat analyses indicated that TCBT was not inferior to face-to-face CBT at posttreatment, 3-month, and 6-month follow-up. At 12-month follow-up, there were no significant between-group differences on the CY-BOCS, but the confidence intervals exceeded the non-inferiority threshold. All secondary measures confirmed non-inferiority at all assessment points. Improvements made during treatment were maintained through to 12-month follow-up. Participants in each condition reported high levels of satisfaction with the intervention received.\nConclusion\nTCBT is an effective treatment and is not inferior to standard clinic-based CBT, at least in the midterm. It provides a means of making a specialised treatment more accessible to many adolescents with OCD. Clinical trial registration information— Evaluation of telephone-administered cognitive-behaviour therapy (CBT) for young people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD); http:// www.controlled-trials.com/isrctn/pf/27070832.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jaac.2014.09.012", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0890856714006649", "accessDate": "2014-10-21T17:26:14Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0890-8567", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Telephone Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Adolescents With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adolescent", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "CBT", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "OCD", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Psychotherapy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "telehealth", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "BCMCJEU6" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-10-21T17:26:14Z", "dateModified": "2014-10-21T17:26:14Z" } }, { "key": "TAT9BQMA", "version": 34, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 276258, "name": "TA 6 à 18 ans", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276258/items/TAT9BQMA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ta_6__18_ans/items/TAT9BQMA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 791694, "username": "morisa05", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/morisa05", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Orue et al.", "parsedDate": "2014", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "TAT9BQMA", "version": 34, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Brooding rumination as a mediator in the relation between early maladaptive schemas and symptoms of depression and social anxiety in adolescents", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Izaskun", "lastName": "Orue" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Esther", "lastName": "Calvete" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Patricia", "lastName": "Padilla" } ], "abstractNote": "Theory states that different cognitive constructs can be included in an integrated sequential model. This 3-wave longitudinal study assessed whether schema domains predict brooding rumination and brooding in turn predict depression and social anxiety symptoms among adolescents. A total of 1170 adolescents (Mage = 13.44 years old, SDage = 1.30) completed measures of schema domains, brooding rumination, depression and social anxiety symptoms at baseline, 6- and 12-month follow-up (T1, T2, T3, respectively). Results revealed that the Disconnection and Rejection schema domain at T1 predicted prospective depression symptoms at T3 directly but not through brooding rumination. However, this schema domain did not predict social anxiety symptoms. The Other-Directedness schema domain at T1 predicted social anxiety symptoms at T3 both directly and through brooding at T2. Furthermore, this schema domain also predicted depression symptoms at T3 through brooding at T2. Identifying specific schema domains and the mechanisms through which these domains predict psychological symptoms has implications for interventions with adolescents.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Adolescence", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "décembre 2014", "volume": "37", "issue": "8", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1281-1291", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Journal of Adolescence", "DOI": "10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.09.004", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140197114001614", "accessDate": "2014-10-21T17:25:04Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0140-1971", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adolescent", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Brooding", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Depression", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Early maladaptive schemas", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Social anxiety", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "M3F5TACW" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-10-21T17:25:04Z", "dateModified": "2014-10-21T17:25:04Z" } } ]