[ { "key": "H7CFFTKV", "version": 56, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 276084, "name": "BleedingOntology", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bleedingontology", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276084/items/H7CFFTKV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bleedingontology/items/H7CFFTKV", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 8771, "username": "boycer", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/boycer", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Chapman et al.", "parsedDate": "2001-10", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "H7CFFTKV", "version": 56, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A simple algorithm for identifying negated findings and diseases in discharge summaries", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "W. W.", "lastName": "Chapman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "W.", "lastName": "Bridewell" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P.", "lastName": "Hanbury" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G. F.", "lastName": "Cooper" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B. G.", "lastName": "Buchanan" } ], "abstractNote": "Narrative reports in medical records contain a wealth of information that may augment structured data for managing patient information and predicting trends in diseases. Pertinent negatives are evident in text but are not usually indexed in structured databases. The objective of the study reported here was to test a simple algorithm for determining whether a finding or disease mentioned within narrative medical reports is present or absent. We developed a simple regular expression algorithm called NegEx that implements several phrases indicating negation, filters out sentences containing phrases that falsely appear to be negation phrases, and limits the scope of the negation phrases. We compared NegEx against a baseline algorithm that has a limited set of negation phrases and a simpler notion of scope. In a test of 1235 findings and diseases in 1000 sentences taken from discharge summaries indexed by physicians, NegEx had a specificity of 94.5% (versus 85.3% for the baseline), a positive predictive value of 84.5% (versus 68.4% for the baseline) while maintaining a reasonable sensitivity of 77.8% (versus 88.3% for the baseline). We conclude that with little implementation effort a simple regular expression algorithm for determining whether a finding or disease is absent can identify a large portion of the pertinent negatives from discharge summaries.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Biomedical Informatics", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Oct 2001", "volume": "34", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "301-310", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Biomed Inform", "DOI": "10.1006/jbin.2001.1029", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1532-0464", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 12123149", "tags": [ { "tag": "Algorithms", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Computational Biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Hospital Records", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Natural Language Processing", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Patient Discharge", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Unified Medical Language System", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2017-07-20T13:38:55Z", "dateModified": "2017-07-20T13:38:55Z" } }, { "key": "JW3HHFXF", "version": 56, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 276084, "name": "BleedingOntology", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bleedingontology", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276084/items/JW3HHFXF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bleedingontology/items/JW3HHFXF", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276084/items/H7CFFTKV", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 8771, "username": "boycer", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/boycer", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "JW3HHFXF", "version": 56, "parentItem": "H7CFFTKV", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2017-07-20T13:38:55Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12123149", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2017-07-20T13:38:55Z", "dateModified": "2017-07-20T13:38:55Z" } }, { "key": "TN9PHFEB", "version": 55, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 276084, "name": "BleedingOntology", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bleedingontology", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276084/items/TN9PHFEB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bleedingontology/items/TN9PHFEB", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276084/items/3TJUCANQ", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 8771, "username": "boycer", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/boycer", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "TN9PHFEB", "version": 55, "parentItem": "3TJUCANQ", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2017-07-15T10:50:49Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27455999", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2017-07-15T10:50:49Z", "dateModified": "2017-07-15T10:50:49Z" } }, { "key": "3TJUCANQ", "version": 55, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 276084, "name": "BleedingOntology", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bleedingontology", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276084/items/3TJUCANQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bleedingontology/items/3TJUCANQ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 8771, "username": "boycer", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/boycer", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Moriarty et al.", "parsedDate": "2017-08", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "3TJUCANQ", "version": 55, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Going Beyond Administrative Data: Retrospective Evaluation of an Algorithm Using the Electronic Health Record to Help Identify Bleeding Events Among Hospitalized Medical Patients on Warfarin", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "James P.", "lastName": "Moriarty" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Paul R.", "lastName": "Daniels" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dennis M.", "lastName": "Manning" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John G.", "lastName": "O'Meara" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Narith N.", "lastName": "Ou" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tamara M.", "lastName": "Berg" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jordan D.", "lastName": "Haag" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Daniel L.", "lastName": "Roellinger" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "James M.", "lastName": "Naessens" } ], "abstractNote": "To reliably assess quality, a standardized electronic approach is needed to identify bleeding events. The study aims were the following: (1) clinically validate an electronic health record-based algorithm for bleeding and (2) assess interrater results to determine validity and reliability. Data were analyzed before and after implementation of a pharmacist-managed warfarin protocol. Bleeding was based on ≥2 of 3 criteria: (1) diagnosis indicating bleeding, (2) lab value decrease suggesting bleeding, and (3) blood product use. All suspected bleeds (234) and a sample (58) not meeting criteria were compared with clinical review. There were 234 bleeding cases identified electronically. Reviewer agreement was 78.2% (κ = 0.565). Algorithm sensitivity was 93.9% and positive predictive value 46.2%. Algorithm identification was least accurate for those with only 2 criteria but good for those with all criteria. This study supports using multiple electronic criteria to identify bleeding events. However, cases having exactly 2 criteria may require manual review for validation.", "publicationTitle": "American Journal of Medical Quality: The Official Journal of the American College of Medical Quality", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2017 Jul/Aug", "volume": "32", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "391-396", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Am J Med Qual", "DOI": "10.1177/1062860616660757", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1555-824X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Going Beyond Administrative Data", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 27455999", "tags": [ { "tag": "Algorithms", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Electronic Health Records", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "hemorrhage", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "warfarin", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2017-07-15T10:50:49Z", "dateModified": "2017-07-15T10:50:49Z" } }, { "key": "XK5G9VXJ", "version": 54, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 276084, "name": "BleedingOntology", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bleedingontology", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276084/items/XK5G9VXJ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bleedingontology/items/XK5G9VXJ", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276084/items/WAVVJD6V", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 8771, "username": "boycer", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/boycer", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "XK5G9VXJ", "version": 54, "parentItem": "WAVVJD6V", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2017-02-19T04:24:16Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22122057", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2017-02-19T04:24:16Z", "dateModified": "2017-02-19T04:24:16Z" } }, { "key": "WAVVJD6V", "version": 54, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 276084, "name": "BleedingOntology", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bleedingontology", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276084/items/WAVVJD6V", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bleedingontology/items/WAVVJD6V", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 8771, "username": "boycer", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/boycer", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Warrer et al.", "parsedDate": "2012-05", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "WAVVJD6V", "version": 54, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Using text-mining techniques in electronic patient records to identify ADRs from medicine use", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Pernille", "lastName": "Warrer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ebba Holme", "lastName": "Hansen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lars", "lastName": "Juhl-Jensen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lise", "lastName": "Aagaard" } ], "abstractNote": "This literature review included studies that use text-mining techniques in narrative documents stored in electronic patient records (EPRs) to investigate ADRs. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts without restrictions from origin until July 2011. We included empirically based studies on text mining of electronic patient records (EPRs) that focused on detecting ADRs, excluding those that investigated adverse events not related to medicine use. We extracted information on study populations, EPR data sources, frequencies and types of the identified ADRs, medicines associated with ADRs, text-mining algorithms used and their performance. Seven studies, all from the United States, were eligible for inclusion in the review. Studies were published from 2001, the majority between 2009 and 2010. Text-mining techniques varied over time from simple free text searching of outpatient visit notes and inpatient discharge summaries to more advanced techniques involving natural language processing (NLP) of inpatient discharge summaries. Performance appeared to increase with the use of NLP, although many ADRs were still missed. Due to differences in study design and populations, various types of ADRs were identified and thus we could not make comparisons across studies. The review underscores the feasibility and potential of text mining to investigate narrative documents in EPRs for ADRs. However, more empirical studies are needed to evaluate whether text mining of EPRs can be used systematically to collect new information about ADRs.", "publicationTitle": "British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 2012", "volume": "73", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "674-684", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Br J Clin Pharmacol", "DOI": "10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.04153.x", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1365-2125", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 22122057\nPMCID: PMC3403195", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Algorithms", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Data Mining", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Drug-related side effects and adverse reactions", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Medical Records Systems, Computerized", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Natural Language Processing", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Pharmacovigilance", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2017-02-19T04:24:16Z", "dateModified": "2017-02-19T04:24:16Z" } }, { "key": "ACN838MN", "version": 53, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 276084, "name": "BleedingOntology", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bleedingontology", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276084/items/ACN838MN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bleedingontology/items/ACN838MN", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276084/items/WBWZ8T6F", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 8771, "username": "boycer", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/boycer", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "ACN838MN", "version": 53, "parentItem": "WBWZ8T6F", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2017-02-19T04:23:44Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23571773", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2017-02-19T04:23:44Z", "dateModified": "2017-02-19T04:23:44Z" } }, { "key": "WBWZ8T6F", "version": 53, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 276084, "name": "BleedingOntology", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bleedingontology", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276084/items/WBWZ8T6F", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bleedingontology/items/WBWZ8T6F", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 8771, "username": "boycer", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/boycer", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "LePendu et al.", "parsedDate": "2013-06", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "WBWZ8T6F", "version": 53, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Pharmacovigilance using clinical notes", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P.", "lastName": "LePendu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S. V.", "lastName": "Iyer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Bauer-Mehren" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.", "lastName": "Harpaz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J. M.", "lastName": "Mortensen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T.", "lastName": "Podchiyska" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T. A.", "lastName": "Ferris" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "N. H.", "lastName": "Shah" } ], "abstractNote": "With increasing adoption of electronic health records (EHRs), there is an opportunity to use the free-text portion of EHRs for pharmacovigilance. We present novel methods that annotate the unstructured clinical notes and transform them into a deidentified patient-feature matrix encoded using medical terminologies. We demonstrate the use of the resulting high-throughput data for detecting drug-adverse event associations and adverse events associated with drug-drug interactions. We show that these methods flag adverse events early (in most cases before an official alert), allow filtering of spurious signals by adjusting for potential confounding, and compile prevalence information. We argue that analyzing large volumes of free-text clinical notes enables drug safety surveillance using a yet untapped data source. Such data mining can be used for hypothesis generation and for rapid analysis of suspected adverse event risk.", "publicationTitle": "Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Jun 2013", "volume": "93", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "547-555", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Clin. Pharmacol. Ther.", "DOI": "10.1038/clpt.2013.47", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1532-6535", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 23571773\nPMCID: PMC3846296", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Data Mining", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Drug Interactions", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Drug-related side effects and adverse reactions", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Electronic Health Records", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Pharmacovigilance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Prevalence", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "United States", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2017-02-19T04:23:44Z", "dateModified": "2017-02-19T04:23:44Z" } }, { "key": "4RD7DDWI", "version": 52, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 276084, "name": "BleedingOntology", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bleedingontology", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276084/items/4RD7DDWI", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bleedingontology/items/4RD7DDWI", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 8771, "username": "boycer", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/boycer", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Sharek et al.", "parsedDate": "2011-04", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "4RD7DDWI", "version": 52, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Performance characteristics of a methodology to quantify adverse events over time in hospitalized patients", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Paul J.", "lastName": "Sharek" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gareth", "lastName": "Parry" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Donald", "lastName": "Goldmann" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kate", "lastName": "Bones" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Andrew", "lastName": "Hackbarth" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Roger", "lastName": "Resar" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Frances A.", "lastName": "Griffin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dale", "lastName": "Rhoda" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Cathy", "lastName": "Murphy" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christopher P.", "lastName": "Landrigan" } ], "abstractNote": "OBJECTIVE: To assess the performance characteristics of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement Global Trigger Tool (GTT) to determine its reliability for tracking local and national adverse event rates.\nDATA SOURCES: Primary data from 2008 chart reviews.\nSTUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study in a stratified random sample of 10 North Carolina hospitals. Hospital-based (internal) and contract research organization-hired (external) reviewers used the GTT to identify adverse events in the same 10 randomly selected medical records per hospital in each quarter from January 2002 through December 2007.\nDATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION: Interrater and intrarater reliability was assessed using κ statistics on 10 percent and 5 percent, respectively, of selected medical records. Additionally, experienced GTT users reviewed 10 percent of records to calculate internal and external teams' sensitivity and specificity.\nPRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Eighty-eight to 98 percent of the targeted 2,400 medical records were reviewed. The reliability of the GTT to detect the presence, number, and severity of adverse events varied from κ=0.40 to 0.60. When compared with a team of experienced reviewers, the internal teams' sensitivity (49 percent) and specificity (94 percent) exceeded the external teams' (34 and 93 percent), as did their performance on all other metrics.\nCONCLUSIONS: The high specificity, moderate sensitivity, and favorable interrater and intrarater reliability of the GTT make it appropriate for tracking local and national adverse event rates. The strong performance of hospital-based reviewers supports their use in future studies.", "publicationTitle": "Health Services Research", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Apr 2011", "volume": "46", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "654-678", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Health Serv Res", "DOI": "10.1111/j.1475-6773.2010.01156.x", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1475-6773", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 20722749\nPMCID: PMC3064924", "tags": [ { "tag": "Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Hospitals", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Medical Audit", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Medical Errors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Middle Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "North Carolina", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Observer Variation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Quality Indicators, Health Care", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Quality of Health Care", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Retrospective Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Safety", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Safety Management", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2017-02-19T03:25:58Z", "dateModified": "2017-02-19T03:25:58Z" } }, { "key": "UTRXMHV9", "version": 52, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 276084, "name": "BleedingOntology", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bleedingontology", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276084/items/UTRXMHV9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bleedingontology/items/UTRXMHV9", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276084/items/4RD7DDWI", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 8771, "username": "boycer", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/boycer", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "UTRXMHV9", "version": 52, "parentItem": "4RD7DDWI", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2017-02-19T03:25:58Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20722749", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2017-02-19T03:25:58Z", "dateModified": "2017-02-19T03:25:58Z" } }, { "key": "BRHV5JPR", "version": 51, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 276084, "name": "BleedingOntology", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bleedingontology", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276084/items/BRHV5JPR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bleedingontology/items/BRHV5JPR", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 8771, "username": "boycer", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/boycer", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)", "parsedDate": "2005-04-22", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "BRHV5JPR", "version": 51, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Assessing the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-Cooperative Adverse Drug Event Surveillance project--six sites, United States, January 1-June 15, 2004", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "name": "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)" } ], "abstractNote": "Adverse drug events (ADEs) occur when therapeutic drugs have injurious effects; current systems for conducting national ADE surveillance are limited, and current national estimates of ADE incidence are problematic. In 2003, CDC, in collaboration with the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), created the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-Cooperative Adverse Drug Event Surveillance (NEISS-CADES) project by adding active surveillance of ADEs to the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP). Because ADEs can be more difficult to identify than other injuries, an independent chart review in a sample of six NEISS-CADES hospitals was conducted to evaluate the sensitivity and predictive value positive (PVP) of ADE identification. This report describes the results of that evaluation, which indicated that although PVP for ADEs was high, the sensitivity was low, particularly for certain types of ADEs. As a result of these findings, additional training on identifying and reporting ADEs was initiated for all NEISS-CADES hospital coders. As more persons in the United States use drug therapies, active, postmarketing surveillance of ADEs can help identify safety problems and guide prevention efforts.", "publicationTitle": "MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Apr 22, 2005", "volume": "54", "issue": "15", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "380-383", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep.", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1545-861X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 15843786", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Drug-related side effects and adverse reactions", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Hospitals", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Population Surveillance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "United States", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Wounds and Injuries", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2017-02-19T03:25:11Z", "dateModified": "2017-02-19T03:25:11Z" } }, { "key": "GEBE3559", "version": 51, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 276084, "name": "BleedingOntology", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bleedingontology", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276084/items/GEBE3559", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bleedingontology/items/GEBE3559", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276084/items/BRHV5JPR", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 8771, "username": "boycer", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/boycer", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "GEBE3559", "version": 51, "parentItem": "BRHV5JPR", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2017-02-19T03:25:11Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15843786", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2017-02-19T03:25:11Z", "dateModified": "2017-02-19T03:25:11Z" } }, { "key": "DBJ4Z246", "version": 50, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 276084, "name": "BleedingOntology", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bleedingontology", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276084/items/DBJ4Z246", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bleedingontology/items/DBJ4Z246", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 8771, "username": "boycer", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/boycer", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Griffin and Resar", "parsedDate": "2009", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "DBJ4Z246", "version": 50, "itemType": "book", "title": "IHI Global Trigger Tool for Measuring Adverse Events", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "FA", "lastName": "Griffin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "RK", "lastName": "Resar" } ], "abstractNote": "", "series": "IHI Innovation Series white paper", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "Second Edition", "date": "2009", "publisher": "Institute for Healthcare Improvement", "place": "Cambridge, MA", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2017-02-19T03:07:41Z", "dateModified": "2017-02-19T03:10:21Z" } }, { "key": "SSE4G3VH", "version": 45, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 276084, "name": "BleedingOntology", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bleedingontology", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276084/items/SSE4G3VH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bleedingontology/items/SSE4G3VH", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276084/items/EA52NWN4", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 8771, "username": "boycer", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/boycer", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "SSE4G3VH", "version": 45, "parentItem": "EA52NWN4", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2017-02-19T02:04:07Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20840687", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2017-02-19T02:04:07Z", "dateModified": "2017-02-19T02:04:07Z" } }, { "key": "EA52NWN4", "version": 45, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 276084, "name": "BleedingOntology", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bleedingontology", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276084/items/EA52NWN4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bleedingontology/items/EA52NWN4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 8771, "username": "boycer", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/boycer", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Franklin et al.", "parsedDate": "2010-10", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "EA52NWN4", "version": 45, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Testing a trigger tool as a method of detecting harm from medication errors in a UK hospital: a pilot study", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bryony Dean", "lastName": "Franklin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sylvia", "lastName": "Birch" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mike", "lastName": "Schachter" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nick", "lastName": "Barber" } ], "abstractNote": "OBJECTIVES: The aim was to adapt a US adverse drug event (ADE) trigger tool for UK use, and to establish its positive predictive value (PPV) and sensitivity in comparison to retrospective health record review for the identification of preventable ADEs, in a pilot study on one hospital ward.\nMETHODS: An established US trigger tool was adapted for UK use. We applied it retrospectively to 207 patients' health records, following up positive triggers to identify any ADEs (both preventable and non-preventable). We compared the preventable ADEs to those identified using full health record review.\nKEY FINDINGS: We identified 168 positive triggers in 127 (61%) of 207 patients. Seven ADEs were identified, representing an ADE in 3.4% of patients or 0.7 ADEs per 100 patient days. Five were non-preventable adverse drug reactions and two were due to preventable errors. The prevalence of preventable ADEs was 1.0% of patients, or 0.2 per 100 patient days. The overall PPV was 0.04 for all ADEs, and 0.01 for preventable ADEs. PPVs for individual triggers varied widely. Five preventable ADEs were identified using health record review. The sensitivity of the trigger tool for identifying preventable ADEs was 0.40, when compared to health record review.\nCONCLUSIONS: Although we identified some ADEs using the trigger tool, more work is needed to further refine the trigger tool to reduce the false positives and increase sensitivity. To comprehensively identify preventable ADEs, retrospective health record review remains the gold standard and we found no efficiency gain in using the trigger tool.", "publicationTitle": "The International Journal of Pharmacy Practice", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Oct 2010", "volume": "18", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "305-311", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Int J Pharm Pract", "DOI": "10.1111/j.2042-7174.2010.00058.x", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0961-7671", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Testing a trigger tool as a method of detecting harm from medication errors in a UK hospital", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 20840687", "tags": [ { "tag": "Drug-related side effects and adverse reactions", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Medical Records", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Pilot Projects", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "United Kingdom", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "medication errors", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2017-02-19T02:04:07Z", "dateModified": "2017-02-19T02:04:07Z" } }, { "key": "HGQRXEMN", "version": 44, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 276084, "name": "BleedingOntology", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bleedingontology", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276084/items/HGQRXEMN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bleedingontology/items/HGQRXEMN", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276084/items/KS9VTFI8", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 8771, "username": "boycer", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/boycer", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "HGQRXEMN", "version": 44, "parentItem": "KS9VTFI8", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2017-02-19T01:37:41Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27279597", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2017-02-19T01:37:41Z", "dateModified": "2017-02-19T01:37:41Z" } }, { "key": "KS9VTFI8", "version": 44, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 276084, "name": "BleedingOntology", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bleedingontology", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276084/items/KS9VTFI8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bleedingontology/items/KS9VTFI8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 8771, "username": "boycer", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/boycer", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Karpov et al.", "parsedDate": "2016-10", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "KS9VTFI8", "version": 44, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Performance of trigger tools in identifying adverse drug events in emergency department patients: a validation study", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Andrei", "lastName": "Karpov" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Catherine", "lastName": "Parcero" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Catherine P. Y.", "lastName": "Mok" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Chandima", "lastName": "Panditha" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Eugenia", "lastName": "Yu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Linda", "lastName": "Dempster" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Corinne M.", "lastName": "Hohl" } ], "abstractNote": "AIMS: Trigger tools are retrospective surveillance methods that can be used to identify adverse drug events (ADEs), unintended and harmful effects of medications, in medical records. Trigger tools are used in quality improvement, public health surveillance and research activities. The objective of the study was to evaluate the performance of trigger tools in identifying ADEs.\nMETHODS: This study was a sub-study of a prospective cohort study which enrolled adults presenting to one tertiary care emergency department. Clinical pharmacists evaluated patients for ADEs at the point-of-care. Twelve months after the prospective study's completion, the patients' medical records were reviewed using eight different trigger tools. ADEs identified using each trigger tool were compared with events identified at the point-of-care. The primary outcome was the sensitivity of each trigger tool for ADEs.\nRESULTS: Among 1151 patients, 152 (13.2%, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 11.4, 15.3%) were diagnosed with one or more ADEs at the point-of-care. The sensitivity of the trigger tools for detecting ADEs ranged from 2.6% (95% CI 0.7, 6.6%) to 15.8% (95% CI 10.6, 22.8%). Their specificity varied from 99.3% (95% CI 98.6, 99.7) to 100% (95% CI 99.6, 100%).\nCONCLUSION: The trigger tools examined had poor sensitivity for identifying ADEs in emergency department patients, when applied manually and in retrospect. Reliance on these methods to detect ADEs for quality improvement, surveillance, and research activities is likely to underestimate their occurrence, and may lead to biased estimates.", "publicationTitle": "British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Oct 2016", "volume": "82", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1048-1057", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Br J Clin Pharmacol", "DOI": "10.1111/bcp.13032", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1365-2125", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Performance of trigger tools in identifying adverse drug events in emergency department patients", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 27279597\nPMCID: PMC5137830", "tags": [ { "tag": "Drug-related side effects and adverse reactions", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "emergency service", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "health care", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "hospital", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "quality indicators", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "trigger tools", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2017-02-19T01:37:41Z", "dateModified": "2017-02-19T01:37:41Z" } }, { "key": "7RXISGW7", "version": 43, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 276084, "name": "BleedingOntology", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bleedingontology", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276084/items/7RXISGW7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bleedingontology/items/7RXISGW7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 8771, "username": "boycer", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/boycer", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Pretorius et al.", "parsedDate": "2013-03-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "7RXISGW7", "version": 43, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Reducing the risk of adverse drug events in older adults", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Richard W.", "lastName": "Pretorius" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gordana", "lastName": "Gataric" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Steven K.", "lastName": "Swedlund" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John R.", "lastName": "Miller" } ], "abstractNote": "Adverse drug events occur in 15 percent or more of older patients presenting to offices, hospitals, and extended care facilities. These events are potentially preventable up to 50 percent of the time. Common serious manifestations include falls, orthostatic hypotension, heart failure, and delirium. The most common causes of death are gastrointestinal or intracranial bleeding and renal failure. Antithrombotic and antidiabetic medications, diuretics, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs cause most of the preventable hospital admissions due to adverse drug events. Strategies to reduce the risk of adverse drug events include discontinuing medications, prescribing new medications sparingly, reducing the number of prescribers, and frequently reconciling medications. The Beers, STOPP (screening tool of older persons' potentially inappropriate prescriptions), and START (screening tool to alert doctors to right treatment) criteria can help identify medications causing adverse drug events. Not all potentially inappropriate medications can be avoided. Clinicians should involve patients in shared decision making and individualize prescribing decisions based on medical, functional, and social conditions; quality of life; and prognosis.", "publicationTitle": "American Family Physician", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Mar 01, 2013", "volume": "87", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "331-336", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Am Fam Physician", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1532-0650", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 23547549", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aged, 80 and over", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Drug Prescriptions", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Drug-related side effects and adverse reactions", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Health Services for the Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Inappropriate Prescribing", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Middle Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Polypharmacy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Practice Patterns, Physicians'", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Risk Factors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Risk Reduction Behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "United States", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "medication errors", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2017-02-19T01:28:25Z", "dateModified": "2017-02-19T01:28:25Z" } }, { "key": "KENSMPFC", "version": 43, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 276084, "name": "BleedingOntology", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bleedingontology", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276084/items/KENSMPFC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": 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"links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bleedingontology", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/276084/items/93SDIZ4C", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bleedingontology/items/93SDIZ4C", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 8771, "username": "boycer", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/boycer", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Dormann et al.", "parsedDate": "2013-03", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "93SDIZ4C", "version": 42, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Adverse drug events in older patients admitted as an emergency: the role of potentially inappropriate medication in elderly people (PRISCUS)", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Harald", "lastName": "Dormann" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Anja", "lastName": "Sonst" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Fabian", "lastName": "Müller" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Renate", "lastName": "Vogler" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Andrius", "lastName": "Patapovas" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Barbara", "lastName": "Pfistermeister" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bettina", "lastName": "Plank-Kiegele" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Melanie", "lastName": "Kirchner" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nina", "lastName": "Hartmann" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Thomas", "lastName": "Bürkle" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Renke", "lastName": "Maas" } ], "abstractNote": "BACKGROUND: Lists of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) for the elderly, such as the German PRISCUS list, have been published as expert recommendations with the aim of improving drug safety for this patient group. In this study, we tried to determine how often adverse drug events occur in the emergency department and what role PRISCUS medications might play in these events.\nMETHODS: We prospectively reviewed the medical records of 752 patients who were treated in the emergency department (ED) of a level III hospital in Germany for adverse drug events due to medication errors (MEs) and for adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The evaluation was performed in two steps by pharmacologists, clinical pharmacologists, and board-certified internists.\nRESULTS: Both clinically important MEs and ADRs became more common with advancing age. Among the 351 patients who were over age 65, 307 (87.5%) were taking at least one medication at home. Of these 307 patients, 16.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.9-21.2%) were taking at least one PIM, as defined by the German PRISCUS list. In relative terms, PIMs were more commonly associated with ADRs or MEs than other drugs (27.0% [95% CI: 17.5-39.1% versus 15.7% [95% CI: 14.1-17.4%], Odds ratio 1.99 [95% CI: 1.23-3.52: p = 0.018), but in absolute terms ADRs and MEs involved non-PIM more often than PIM.\nCONCLUSION: Elderly patients more frequently suffer from ADR and from the clinical consequences of medication errors. Elderly patients taking PIMs are more likely to suffer from ADRs and MEs, even though most drug-related events are still attributable to non-PIM.", "publicationTitle": "Deutsches Arzteblatt International", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Mar 2013", "volume": "110", "issue": "13", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "213-219", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Dtsch Arztebl Int", "DOI": "10.3238/arztebl.2013.0213", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1866-0452", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Adverse drug events in older patients admitted as an emergency", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 23596501\nPMCID: PMC3627162", "tags": [ { "tag": "Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aged, 80 and over", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Drug-related side effects and adverse reactions", "type": 1 }, { "tag": 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