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Michael", "lastName": "Oakes" } ], "abstractNote": "Are cyclists different from those who do not cycle in terms of individual and neighborhood characteristics? This article draws on a study of over 700 adults in three groups: those who had cycled in the past week, in the past 2 years, and non-cyclists. It examines their body mass index (BMI), physical activity, sociodemographics, environmental perceptions, and geographic information system (GIS)-measured neighborhood features. Those who cycled occasionally lived in similar environments to frequent cyclists but perceived some aspects differently. Those who cycled more demonstrated characteristics generally thought to indicate good health, but they did not perceive themselves as healthier.", "publicationTitle": "International Journal of Sustainable Transportation", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "March 5, 2013", "volume": "9", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "49-58", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1080/15568318.2012.725801", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2012.725801", "accessDate": "2014-10-28T21:47:27Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1556-8318", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Cycling, the Built Environment, and Health", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Taylor and Francis+NEJM", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "XPW75X3N" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-10-28T21:47:27Z", "dateModified": "2014-10-28T21:47:27Z" } }, { "key": "XZW9DVTT", "version": 50, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 275039, "name": "BikePedCountStudy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bikepedcountstudy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/275039/items/XZW9DVTT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bikepedcountstudy/items/XZW9DVTT", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/275039/items/WEBRFJP7", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 147574, "username": "mikelowry", "name": "Mike Lowry", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mikelowry", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "XZW9DVTT", "version": 50, "parentItem": "WEBRFJP7", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2014-10-28T21:47:27Z", "url": "http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15568318.2012.725801#preview", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-10-28T21:47:27Z", "dateModified": "2014-10-28T21:47:27Z" } }, { "key": "NH7AC7AQ", "version": 49, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 275039, "name": "BikePedCountStudy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bikepedcountstudy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/275039/items/NH7AC7AQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bikepedcountstudy/items/NH7AC7AQ", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/275039/items/MDDZ9DDP", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 147574, "username": "mikelowry", "name": "Mike Lowry", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mikelowry", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "NH7AC7AQ", "version": 49, "parentItem": "MDDZ9DDP", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2014-10-28T21:44:49Z", "url": "http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15568311003650531#.VFAOThYXHXo", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-10-28T21:44:49Z", "dateModified": "2014-10-28T21:44:49Z" } }, { "key": "MDDZ9DDP", "version": 49, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 275039, "name": "BikePedCountStudy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bikepedcountstudy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/275039/items/MDDZ9DDP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bikepedcountstudy/items/MDDZ9DDP", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 147574, "username": "mikelowry", "name": "Mike Lowry", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mikelowry", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Buehler and Pucher", "parsedDate": "2011-01-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "MDDZ9DDP", "version": 49, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Sustainable Transport in Freiburg: Lessons from Germany's Environmental Capital", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ralph", "lastName": "Buehler" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John", "lastName": "Pucher" } ], "abstractNote": "This article examines changes in transport and land-use policies in Germany over the last 40 years that have encouraged more walking, bicycling and public transport use. It focuses on a case study of policy changes in the city of Freiburg, where over the last three decades, the number of bicycle trips tripled, public transport ridership doubled, and the share of trips by automobile declined from 38% to 32%. Since 1990, motorization rates have leveled-off and per-capita CO2 emissions from transport have fallen—despite strong economic growth. The analysis identifies policies that are transferable to car-oriented countries around the world.", "publicationTitle": "International Journal of Sustainable Transportation", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "January 1, 2011", "volume": "5", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "43-70", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1080/15568311003650531", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15568311003650531", "accessDate": "2014-10-28T21:44:49Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1556-8318", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Sustainable Transport in Freiburg", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Taylor and Francis+NEJM", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "XPW75X3N" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-10-28T21:44:49Z", "dateModified": "2014-10-28T21:44:49Z" } }, { "key": "49KCZK7D", "version": 49, "library": { "type": 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"", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.pedbikeinfo.org/data/state.cfm", "accessDate": "2014-07-27T06:54:36Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "XPW75X3N" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-07-27T06:54:36Z", "dateModified": "2014-07-27T06:54:36Z" } }, { "key": "7IC4NHHV", "version": 47, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 275039, "name": "BikePedCountStudy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bikepedcountstudy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/275039/items/7IC4NHHV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bikepedcountstudy/items/7IC4NHHV", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 147574, "username": "mikelowry", "name": "Mike Lowry", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mikelowry", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "7IC4NHHV", "version": 47, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Instructions for 2013 Bike + Ped Counters", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://la-bike.org/countvolunteers", "accessDate": "2014-07-25T22:01:42Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "XPW75X3N" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-07-25T22:01:42Z", "dateModified": "2014-07-25T22:01:42Z" } }, { "key": "5H3A3HIK", "version": 44, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 275039, "name": "BikePedCountStudy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bikepedcountstudy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/275039/items/5H3A3HIK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bikepedcountstudy/items/5H3A3HIK", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/275039/items/7IC4NHHV", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 147574, "username": "mikelowry", "name": "Mike Lowry", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mikelowry", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "5H3A3HIK", "version": 44, "parentItem": "7IC4NHHV", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2014-07-25T22:01:42Z", "url": "http://la-bike.org/countvolunteers", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-07-25T22:01:42Z", "dateModified": "2014-07-25T22:01:42Z" } }, { "key": "TUSDNQJB", "version": 48, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 275039, "name": "BikePedCountStudy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bikepedcountstudy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/275039/items/TUSDNQJB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bikepedcountstudy/items/TUSDNQJB", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 147574, "username": "mikelowry", "name": "Mike Lowry", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mikelowry", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Noyce and Dharmaraju", "parsedDate": "2002-05", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "TUSDNQJB", "version": 48, "itemType": "report", "title": "An evaluation of technologies for automated detection and classification of pedestrians and bicyclists", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D. A.", "lastName": "Noyce" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.", "lastName": "Dharmaraju" } ], "abstractNote": "", "reportNumber": "UMTC-02-01", "reportType": "", "institution": "University of Massachusetts, Amherst", "place": "", "date": "2002/05", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://trid.trb.org/view.aspx?id=731503", "accessDate": "2014-07-23T19:35:23Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "trid.trb.org", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Active infrared", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Autosense II", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Classification", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cyclists", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Detection and identification", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Evaluation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Infrared detectors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Intelligent transportation systems", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Pedestrians", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Technology", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-07-23T19:35:23Z", "dateModified": "2014-07-23T19:36:29Z" } }, { "key": "I2K3Q236", "version": 40, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 275039, "name": "BikePedCountStudy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bikepedcountstudy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/275039/items/I2K3Q236", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bikepedcountstudy/items/I2K3Q236", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/275039/items/TUSDNQJB", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 147574, "username": "mikelowry", "name": "Mike Lowry", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mikelowry", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "I2K3Q236", "version": 40, "parentItem": "TUSDNQJB", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2014-07-23T19:35:23Z", "url": "http://trid.trb.org/view.aspx?id=731503", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-07-23T19:35:23Z", "dateModified": "2014-07-23T19:35:23Z" } }, { "key": "RAXMFKWC", "version": 47, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 275039, "name": "BikePedCountStudy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bikepedcountstudy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/275039/items/RAXMFKWC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bikepedcountstudy/items/RAXMFKWC", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 147574, "username": "mikelowry", "name": "Mike Lowry", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mikelowry", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Jacobsen", "parsedDate": "2003-09-01", "numChildren": 3 }, "data": { "key": "RAXMFKWC", "version": 47, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Safety in numbers: more walkers and bicyclists, safer walking and bicycling", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P. L.", "lastName": "Jacobsen" } ], "abstractNote": "Objective: To examine the relationship between the numbers of people walking or bicycling and the frequency of collisions between motorists and walkers or bicyclists. The common wisdom holds that the number of collisions varies directly with the amount of walking and bicycling. However, three published analyses of collision rates at specific intersections found a non-linear relationship, such that collisions rates declined with increases in the numbers of people walking or bicycling.\nData: This paper uses five additional data sets (three population level and two time series) to compare the amount of walking or bicycling and the injuries incurring in collisions with motor vehicles.\nResults: The likelihood that a given person walking or bicycling will be struck by a motorist varies inversely with the amount of walking or bicycling. This pattern is consistent across communities of varying size, from specific intersections to cities and countries, and across time periods.\nDiscussion: This result is unexpected. Since it is unlikely that the people walking and bicycling become more cautious if their numbers are larger, it indicates that the behavior of motorists controls the likelihood of collisions with people walking and bicycling. It appears that motorists adjust their behavior in the presence of people walking and bicycling. There is an urgent need for further exploration of the human factors controlling motorist behavior in the presence of people walking and bicycling.\nConclusion: A motorist is less likely to collide with a person walking and bicycling if more people walk or bicycle. Policies that increase the numbers of people walking and bicycling appear to be an effective route to improving the safety of people walking and bicycling.", "publicationTitle": "Injury Prevention", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "09/01/2003", "volume": "9", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "205-209", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Inj Prev", "DOI": "10.1136/ip.9.3.205", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://injuryprevention.bmj.com/content/9/3/205", "accessDate": "2014-07-23T19:34:36Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": ", 1475-5785", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Safety in numbers", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "injuryprevention.bmj.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 12966006", "tags": [ { "tag": "bicyclist", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "developed world", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "motor vehicle crashes", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "motorist behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "non-motorized traffic", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "pedestrian", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "physical activity", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "XPW75X3N" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-07-23T19:34:36Z", "dateModified": "2014-07-23T19:34:36Z" } }, { "key": "P98Z4H28", "version": 39, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 275039, "name": "BikePedCountStudy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bikepedcountstudy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/275039/items/P98Z4H28", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bikepedcountstudy/items/P98Z4H28", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/275039/items/RAXMFKWC", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 147574, "username": "mikelowry", "name": "Mike Lowry", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mikelowry", "type": "text/html" } } } }, 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} }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/275039/items/8J294BZK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bikepedcountstudy/items/8J294BZK", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 147574, "username": "mikelowry", "name": "Mike Lowry", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mikelowry", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Siegel et al.", "parsedDate": "1995-05-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "8J294BZK", "version": 48, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The epidemiology of walking for exercise: implications for promoting activity among sedentary groups.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P Z", "lastName": "Siegel" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R M", "lastName": "Brackbill" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G W", "lastName": "Heath" } ], "abstractNote": "The relative contribution of walking to overall leisure-time physical activity participation rates was studied among respondents from the 45 states that participated in the 1990 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (n = 81,557). The percentages of low income, unemployed, and obese persons who engaged in leisure-time physical activity (range = 51.1% to 57.7%) were substantially lower than the percentage among the total adult population (70.3%). In contrast, the prevalence of walking for exercise among these sedentary groups (range = 32.5% to 35.9%) was similar to that among the total population (35.6%). Walking appears to be an acceptable, accessible exercise activity, especially among population subgroups with a low prevalence of leisure-time physical activity.", "publicationTitle": "American Journal of Public Health", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 1, 1995", "volume": "85", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "706-710", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Am J Public Health", "DOI": "10.2105/AJPH.85.5.706", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/abs/10.2105/AJPH.85.5.706", "accessDate": "2014-07-23T19:33:44Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0090-0036", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The epidemiology of walking for exercise", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ajph.aphapublications.org (Atypon)", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-07-23T19:33:44Z", "dateModified": "2014-07-23T19:33:44Z" } }, { "key": "RS5RJJK7", "version": 38, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 275039, "name": "BikePedCountStudy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bikepedcountstudy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/275039/items/RS5RJJK7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bikepedcountstudy/items/RS5RJJK7", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/275039/items/8J294BZK", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 147574, "username": "mikelowry", "name": "Mike Lowry", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mikelowry", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "RS5RJJK7", "version": 38, "parentItem": "8J294BZK", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2014-07-23T19:33:44Z", "url": "http://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/abs/10.2105/AJPH.85.5.706", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-07-23T19:33:44Z", "dateModified": "2014-07-23T19:33:44Z" } }, { "key": "G7UXNZFW", "version": 38, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 275039, "name": "BikePedCountStudy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bikepedcountstudy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/275039/items/G7UXNZFW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bikepedcountstudy/items/G7UXNZFW", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/275039/items/8J294BZK", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 147574, "username": "mikelowry", "name": "Mike Lowry", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mikelowry", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "G7UXNZFW", "version": 38, "parentItem": "8J294BZK", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2014-07-23T19:33:44Z", "url": "http://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/pdf/10.2105/AJPH.85.5.706", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-07-23T19:33:44Z", "dateModified": "2014-07-23T19:33:44Z" } }, { "key": "TBJEEP2Z", "version": 47, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 275039, "name": "BikePedCountStudy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bikepedcountstudy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/275039/items/TBJEEP2Z", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bikepedcountstudy/items/TBJEEP2Z", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 147574, "username": "mikelowry", "name": "Mike Lowry", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mikelowry", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Saelens et al.", "parsedDate": "2003-09-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "TBJEEP2Z", "version": 47, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Neighborhood-Based Differences in Physical Activity: An Environment Scale Evaluation", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Brian E.", "lastName": "Saelens" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "James F.", "lastName": "Sallis" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jennifer B.", "lastName": "Black" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Diana", "lastName": "Chen" } ], "abstractNote": "Objectives. This study evaluated a neighborhood environment survey and compared the physical activity and weight status of the residents in 2 neighborhoods. Methods. On 2 occasions, 107 adults from neighborhoods with differing “walkability” were selected to complete a survey on their neighborhood environment. Physical activity was assessed by self-report and by accelerometer; height and weight were assessed by self-report. Results. Neighborhood environment characteristics had moderate to high test–retest reliabilities. Residents of high-walkability neighborhoods reported higher residential density, land use mix, street connectivity, aesthetics, and safety. They had more than 70 more minutes of physical activity and had lower obesity prevalence (adjusted for individual demographics) than did residents of low-walkability neighborhoods. Conclusions. The reliability and validity of self-reported neighborhood environment subscales were supported. Neighborhood environment was associated with physical activity and overweight prevalence.", "publicationTitle": "American Journal of Public Health", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "September 1, 2003", "volume": "93", "issue": "9", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1552-1558", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Am J Public Health", "DOI": "10.2105/AJPH.93.9.1552", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/abs/10.2105/ajph.93.9.1552", "accessDate": "2014-07-23T19:33:30Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0090-0036", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Neighborhood-Based Differences in Physical Activity", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ajph.aphapublications.org (Atypon)", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "XPW75X3N" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-07-23T19:33:30Z", "dateModified": "2014-07-23T19:33:30Z" } }, { "key": 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"linked_url", "title": "Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2014-07-23T19:33:30Z", "url": "http://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/pdf/10.2105/ajph.93.9.1552", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-07-23T19:33:30Z", "dateModified": "2014-07-23T19:33:30Z" } }, { "key": "KUIK3WZD", "version": 36, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 275039, "name": "BikePedCountStudy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bikepedcountstudy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/275039/items/KUIK3WZD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bikepedcountstudy/items/KUIK3WZD", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/275039/items/X5EC9NP8", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 147574, "username": "mikelowry", "name": "Mike Lowry", "links": { "alternate": { "href": 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"links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mikelowry", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kang et al.", "parsedDate": "2008", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "HVINN2NK", "version": 47, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Issues in Outcomes Research: An Overview of Randomization Techniques for Clinical Trials", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Minsoo", "lastName": "Kang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Brian G", "lastName": "Ragan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jae-Hyeon", "lastName": "Park" } ], "abstractNote": "Objective:\nTo review and describe randomization techniques used in clinical trials, including simple, block, stratified, and covariate adaptive techniques.\n\nBackground:\nClinical trials are required to establish treatment efficacy of many athletic training procedures. In the past, we have relied on evidence of questionable scientific merit to aid the determination of treatment choices. Interest in evidence-based practice is growing rapidly within the athletic training profession, placing greater emphasis on the importance of well-conducted clinical trials. One critical component of clinical trials that strengthens results is random assignment of participants to control and treatment groups. Although randomization appears to be a simple concept, issues of balancing sample sizes and controlling the influence of covariates a priori are important. Various techniques have been developed to account for these issues, including block, stratified randomization, and covariate adaptive techniques.\n\nAdvantages:\nAthletic training researchers and scholarly clinicians can use the information presented in this article to better conduct and interpret the results of clinical trials. Implementing these techniques will increase the power and validity of findings of athletic medicine clinical trials, which will ultimately improve the quality of care provided.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Athletic Training", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2008", "volume": "43", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "215-221", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Athl Train", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2267325/", "accessDate": "2014-07-23T19:29:07Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1062-6050", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Issues in Outcomes Research", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed Central", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 18345348\nPMCID: PMC2267325", "tags": [], "collections": [ "XPW75X3N" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-07-23T19:29:07Z", "dateModified": "2014-07-23T19:29:07Z" } }, { "key": "CT8835TQ", "version": 35, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 275039, "name": "BikePedCountStudy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bikepedcountstudy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/275039/items/CT8835TQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bikepedcountstudy/items/CT8835TQ", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/275039/items/HVINN2NK", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 147574, "username": "mikelowry", "name": "Mike Lowry", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mikelowry", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "CT8835TQ", "version": 35, "parentItem": "HVINN2NK", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed Central Link", "accessDate": "2014-07-23T19:29:07Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2267325/", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-07-23T19:29:07Z", "dateModified": "2014-07-23T19:29:07Z" } }, { "key": "WEP7NFBS", "version": 35, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 275039, "name": "BikePedCountStudy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bikepedcountstudy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/275039/items/WEP7NFBS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bikepedcountstudy/items/WEP7NFBS", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/275039/items/HVINN2NK", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 147574, "username": "mikelowry", "name": "Mike Lowry", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mikelowry", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "WEP7NFBS", "version": 35, "parentItem": "HVINN2NK", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed Central Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2014-07-23T19:29:07Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2267325/pdf/i1062-6050-43-2-215.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-07-23T19:29:07Z", "dateModified": "2014-07-23T19:29:07Z" } } ]