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            "version": 104,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Comparison of Soil-Test Extractants for Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Zinc, Copper, Manganese, and Iron in Louisiana Soils",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Jim Jian",
                    "lastName": "Wang"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Dustin L.",
                    "lastName": "Harrell"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Rodney E.",
                    "lastName": "Henderson"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Paul F.",
                    "lastName": "Bell"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "Abstract Soils of different geographic regions affect efficiencies of individual soil-test extractants. Recent effort on nutrient-management programs across the United States has promoted establishment of conversion equations between different soil-test extractants for evaluating nutrients in similar soils. This study was carried out to compare soil-extractable phosphorus (P) by strong Bray (Bray 2), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na) by 1 M ammonium acetate (pH 7.0), and zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe) by DTPA-TEA at pH 7.3 with those extracted by Mehlich 3 on 317 soil samples collected from all parishes of Louisiana. Mehlich 3-extractable P correlated (R 2 = 0.709, P > 0.01) with that extracted by Bray 2 but was, on average, about half of that by Bray 2. Soils with pH > 6.5 or with finer textures tended to yield larger differences between the two extractants for P. Mehlich 3 extractable cations were highly correlated with those of ammonium acetate (R 2 ≥ 0.923, P > 0.01). Extractable Mg was close to 1:1 relation between the two procedures with slightly higher K and Ca, but lower Na by Mehlich 3. No notable effect of soil pH and texture was observed on K, Ca, Mg, and Na comparisons. Extractable Zn and Cu by Mehlich 3 generally correlated with those by DTPA (R 2 ≥ 0.899, P > 0.01) but the correlations on Mn and Fe were not as high (R 2 ≤ 0.420). Soil texture had no effect on efficiencies of micronutrient extractions with Mehlich 3 and DTPA. Soils with pH > 6.5 affected Fe and Mn ratios of Mehlich 3 extraction over DTPA but not on those of Zn and Cu. These results suggest that conversion equations could be developed for P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, and Cu between Mehlich 3, Bray 2, ammonium acetate, and DTPA for Louisiana soils. Soil pH and textural factors may need to be considered for soil P conversions between Mehlich 3 and Bray 2.",
            "publicationTitle": "Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2004",
            "volume": "35",
            "issue": "1-2",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "145-160",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "",
            "DOI": "10.1081/CSS-120027640",
            "citationKey": "",
            "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/CSS-120027640",
            "accessDate": "2014-07-08T20:04:38Z",
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            "PMCID": "",
            "ISSN": "0010-3624",
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            "language": "",
            "libraryCatalog": "Taylor and Francis+NEJM",
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            "extra": "00041",
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            "dateModified": "2019-05-22T18:48:21Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "C4WDA5WW",
        "version": 103,
        "library": {
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            "name": "OSU Soil Fertility Lab",
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            },
            "creatorSummary": "Hanlon and Johnson",
            "parsedDate": "1984",
            "numChildren": 2
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "C4WDA5WW",
            "version": 103,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Bray/Kurtz, Mehlich III, AB/D and ammonium acetate extractions of P, K and MG in four oklahoma soils",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "E. A.",
                    "lastName": "Hanlon"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "G. V.",
                    "lastName": "Johnson"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "Abstract Multi‐element soil extraction solutions offer increased convenience in soil testing laboratory operations. The recently developed Mehlich III and ammonium bicarbonate‐DTPA multi‐element extraction solutions were each compared with the more conventional Bray/Kurtz extractant for P determination and with 1N ammonium acetate for K and Mg determinations. The latter two solutions are single and tri‐element extractants in current use by the Oklahoma State University Soil Testing Laboratory. The Bray/Kurtz extractant was also compared with the 1N ammonium acetate for K and Mg determination. A total of 310 soil samples from four soil types, which included five long‐term soil fertility experiments, were used for these comparisons. All sites have been in continous wheat production and received various N‐P‐K fertilizer treatments for at least: five years prior to soil sampling. AIT soil samples were extracted in triplicate for each extractant. Results showed that extraction of elements, by all solutions were highly correlated to the Bray/Kurtz and 1N ammonium acetate:extractants for Oklahoma soils.",
            "publicationTitle": "Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "1984",
            "volume": "15",
            "issue": "3",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "277-294",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "",
            "DOI": "10.1080/00103628409367475",
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            "accessDate": "2014-07-08T19:04:19Z",
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    },
    {
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        "version": 102,
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            },
            "creatorSummary": "Mallarino and Blackmer",
            "parsedDate": "1992",
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        },
        "data": {
            "key": "EP6PH4A3",
            "version": 102,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Comparison of Methods for Determining Critical Concentrations of Soil Test Phosphorus for Corn",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "A.P.",
                    "lastName": "Mallarino"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "A.M.",
                    "lastName": "Blackmer"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "<abstract abstract-type=\"summary\"> Critical concentrations of soil-test P (STP) are used to identify soils where response to P fertilization should be expected. There is, however, little agreement concerning the methods that should be used to identify critical STP concentrations. This study compares the efficacy of critical STP concentrations generated by using various methods. Twenty-five P fertilization trials with corn (Zea mays L.) were established in Iowa. Available soil P at each site was estimated by the Bray-P1, Mehlich-3, and Olsen extractants. Corn yield response was expressed in both absolute and relative terms and then related to STP values by using various statistical models (Cate-Nelson split, linearplateau and quadratic-plateau segmented polynomials, the quadratic polynomial, an exponential Mitscherlich-type equation, and a multivariate polynomial). The use of various combinations of the extractants, expressions of yield response, and models resulted in a wide variety of critical STP concentrations. Comparisons of the ability of each critical concentration to generate economic returns when used to guide fertilization across the 25 sites showed that selection of the model was much more important than selection of the extractant or the expression of yield response. The best model was the Cate-Nelson, which identified critical concentrations of 13 rag kg-1 for the Bray-P1, 12 mg kg-1 for the Mehlich-3, and 5 mg kg-1 for the Olsen extractants. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate that selection of the most appropriate critical STP concentration can be a major factor affecting the profitability of fertilization in areas having an abundance of soils testing high in P. <fn id=\"FN1\" fn-type=\"supported-by\">Journal Paper no. J-14617 of the Iowa Agric. and Home Econ. Exp. Stn. Project 2995. This work was supported in part by the Northwest Area Foundation and by the Integrated Farm Management Demonstration Program of The Agricultural Energy Management Fund, State of Iowa, through the Iowa Dep. of Agric. and Land Stewardship.</fn>",
            "publicationTitle": "Agronomy Journal",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "1992",
            "volume": "84",
            "issue": "",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "850-856",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "",
            "DOI": "10.2134/agronj1992.00021962008400050017x",
            "citationKey": "",
            "url": "https://dl.sciencesocieties.org/publications/aj/abstracts/84/5/850",
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    {
        "key": "6V2Z2BQT",
        "version": 101,
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            "id": 273783,
            "name": "OSU Soil Fertility Lab",
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            },
            "creatorSummary": "Atia and Mallarino",
            "parsedDate": "2002",
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        },
        "data": {
            "key": "6V2Z2BQT",
            "version": 101,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Agronomic and Environmental Soil Phosphorus Testing in Soils Receiving Liquid Swine Manure",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "A. M.",
                    "lastName": "Atia"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "A. P.",
                    "lastName": "Mallarino"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "",
            "publicationTitle": "Soil Science Society of America Journal",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2002",
            "volume": "66",
            "issue": "5",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "1696",
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            "DOI": "10.2136/sssaj2002.1696",
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            "PMCID": "",
            "ISSN": "1435-0661",
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            "language": "en",
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            "extra": "00038",
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            ],
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            "dateAdded": "2014-07-15T16:49:25Z",
            "dateModified": "2019-05-22T18:47:51Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "SRAPI6IU",
        "version": 100,
        "library": {
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            "id": 273783,
            "name": "OSU Soil Fertility Lab",
            "links": {
                "alternate": {
                    "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/osu_soil_fertility_lab",
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            },
            "creatorSummary": "Tran et al.",
            "parsedDate": "1990",
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        },
        "data": {
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            "version": 100,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Evaluation of Mehlich‐III extractant to estimate the available P in Quebec soils",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "T. Sen",
                    "lastName": "Tran"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "M.",
                    "lastName": "Giroux"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "J.",
                    "lastName": "Guilbeault"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "P.",
                    "lastName": "Audesse"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "Abstract The Mehlich‐III method used for the determination of available P in 82 Quebec soils was compared to five other chemical methods (Bray‐II, Bray‐I, Mehlich‐II, Mehlich‐I and Olsen) and to two anion exchange resin techniques (F‐ and HCO‐ 3) In general, very good correlations were found between Mehlich‐III, Bray‐II and Bray‐I methods on acid soils (r=0.95∗∗ and 0.98∗∗). The Mehlich‐III‐P content is somewhat the same as that determined by Bray‐I and corresponds approximately to 80% of Bray‐II‐P. The Mehlich—III extractant was found to be more reliable than Bray‐II and Bray‐I on very acid spodosols having high P‐sorption capacity. The Bray methods, with high NH4F concentration, extracted strongly fixed Al‐P in these soils and may overestimate the available P. In some acid soils containing apatite and in calcareous soils, the Bray‐II and Mehlich‐I (double acid) easily dissolved these Ca‐P compounds and gave exaggerated high P values. The Mehlich‐III and the other methods were less vigourous for these compounds and were more accurate in estimating available P in these soils. On moderately calcarous soils, the Bray‐I and Mehlich‐I are partially neutralized by the free carbonates in the soil and become less effective in extracting soil P. The Mehlich‐III reactant is more buffered and less affected by carbonates in these soils. The Mehlich‐III and the Mehlich‐II were highly correlated for all soils having diverse properties (r=0.98∗∗) and the amount of P extracted by Mehlich‐III was 117% of that extracted by Mehlich‐II. The Mehlich‐III method showed good correlation with Olsen and anion exchange resin techniques (r=0.89∗∗ to 0.93∗∗). The Mehlich‐III extracted about three times more P than Olsen and approximately 1.2 times of that desorbed by HCO‐ 3‐resin. The amount of P desorbed by F‐‐resin was higher and corresponded to about 1.25 times that estimated by Mehlich‐III. The Olsen method and the F‐ and HCO‐ 3 ‐resins tended to extract Ca‐P and Fe‐P more easily than Mehlich‐III. However, on some acid spodosols probably containing phosphates covered with oxide coatings, the Olsen extractant and the F‐ and HCO‐ 3‐resins did not attack these compounds and gave relatively low P values as compared to the acid chemical methods. Among the acid chemical methods, the Mehlich‐III was considered the most appropriate and economic procedure to be used for soil P testing in the laboratory for different kinds of soil because of its capacity to extract simultaneously other soil nutrients. The Al content in the Mehlich‐III extract may give an estimate of P‐sorption capacity. Some possibilities concerning the conversion of soil fertility levels established by Bray‐II, Bray‐I and Mehlich‐II to that of Mehlich‐III were proposed for the purpose of P fertilizer recommendations.",
            "publicationTitle": "Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "1990",
            "volume": "21",
            "issue": "1-2",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "1-28",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "",
            "DOI": "10.1080/00103629009368212",
            "citationKey": "",
            "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00103629009368212",
            "accessDate": "2014-07-08T15:36:32Z",
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            "PMCID": "",
            "ISSN": "0010-3624",
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            "language": "",
            "libraryCatalog": "Taylor and Francis+NEJM",
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            "extra": "00093",
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            ],
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                    "firstName": "Ann M.",
                    "lastName": "Wolf"
                },
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "D. E.",
                    "lastName": "Baker"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "Abstract A study was undertaken to evaluate the agreement among different university laboratories performing the Olsen, Bray P1, and Mehlich I tests for P on a diverse group of noncalcareous agricultural soils and to develop relationships among the Olsen, Bray P1, Mehlich I, and Mehlich III soil tests. For each test, the results from the individual laboratories were highly correlated (r2 ≥ 0.90) and in almost all instances the slopes of the equations describing the relationships among laboratories approached one, The results indicate that the Olsen, Bray P1 and Mehlich I soil tests may be performed with a high degree of precision when standard soil test procedures are followed. Of the three most commonly performed tests in the U.S. (Olsen, Bray P1, and Mehlich I), the Olsen and Mehlich I tests were the most highly correlated (r2 = 0.87) although the Mehlich I test removed approximately one and one half times more P than did the Olsen test. Bray P1 and Olsen and Mehlich I P were less highly correlated (r2 ≤ 0.72) and the relationships between these variables were influenced by the texture of the soils. The quantity of P removed by the Bray P1 test was on the order of two and three times greater than that removed by the Olsen and Mehlich I tests, respectively. The Bray P1 and Mehlich III soil tests were highly correlated (r2 = 0.97) and similar quantities of P were extracted from the soil by the two tests.",
            "publicationTitle": "Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "1985",
            "volume": "16",
            "issue": "5",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "467-484",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
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            "journalAbbreviation": "",
            "DOI": "10.1080/00103628509367620",
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            "url": "http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00103628509367620",
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            "ISSN": "0010-3624",
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            "creatorSummary": "Kimaragamage et al.",
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            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Agronomic and environmental soil test phosphorus in manured and non-manured Manitoba soils",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "D.",
                    "lastName": "Kimaragamage"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "O O",
                    "lastName": "Akinremi"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "D.",
                    "lastName": "Flaten"
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                    "firstName": "J.",
                    "lastName": "Heard"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "Quantitative relationships between soil test phosphorus (STP) methods are needed to guide P management especially in manured soils with high P. Our objectives were: (i) to compare  amounts of P extracted by different methods; (ii) to develop and verify regression equations to convert results among methods; and (iii) to establish environmental P thresholds for different methods, in manured and non-manured soils of Manitoba. We analyzed 214 surface soil samples (0–15 cm), of which 51 had previous manure application. Agronomic STP methods were Olsen (O-P), Mehlich-3 (M3-P), Kelowna-1 (original; K1-P), Kelowna-2 (modified; K2-P), Kelowna-3 (modified; K3-P), Bray-1 (B1-P) and Miller and Axley (MA-P), while environmental STP methods were water extractable (W-P), Ca Cl2 extractable (Ca-P) and iron oxide impregnated filter paper (FeO-P) methods. The different methods extracted different amounts of P, but were linearly correlated. For an O-P range of 0–30 mg kg-1, relationships between O-P and other STP were similar for manured and nonmanured soils, but the relationships diverged at higher O-P levels, indicating that one STP cannot be reliably converted to another using a single equation for manured and non-manured soils at environmentally critical P levels (0–100 mg kg-1 O-P). Suggested environmental soil P threshold ranges, in mg P kg-1, were 88–118 for O-P, 138–184 for K1-P, 108–143 for K2-P, 103–137 for K3-P, 96–128 for B1-P, 84–111 for MA-P, 15–20 for W-P, 5–8 for Ca-P and 85–111 for FeO-P. Key words: Phosphorus, soil test phosphorus, manured soils, non-manured soils, environmental threshold ,  Quantitative relationships between soil test phosphorus (STP) methods are needed to guide P management especially in manured soils with high P. Our objectives were: (i) to compare  amounts of P extracted by different methods; (ii) to develop and verify regression equations to convert results among methods; and (iii) to establish environmental P thresholds for different methods, in manured and non-manured soils of Manitoba. We analyzed 214 surface soil samples (0–15 cm), of which 51 had previous manure application. Agronomic STP methods were Olsen (O-P), Mehlich-3 (M3-P), Kelowna-1 (original; K1-P), Kelowna-2 (modified; K2-P), Kelowna-3 (modified; K3-P), Bray-1 (B1-P) and Miller and Axley (MA-P), while environmental STP methods were water extractable (W-P), Ca Cl2 extractable (Ca-P) and iron oxide impregnated filter paper (FeO-P) methods. The different methods extracted different amounts of P, but were linearly correlated. For an O-P range of 0–30 mg kg-1, relationships between O-P and other STP were similar for manured and nonmanured soils, but the relationships diverged at higher O-P levels, indicating that one STP cannot be reliably converted to another using a single equation for manured and non-manured soils at environmentally critical P levels (0–100 mg kg-1 O-P). Suggested environmental soil P threshold ranges, in mg P kg-1, were 88–118 for O-P, 138–184 for K1-P, 108–143 for K2-P, 103–137 for K3-P, 96–128 for B1-P, 84–111 for MA-P, 15–20 for W-P, 5–8 for Ca-P and 85–111 for FeO-P. Key words: Phosphorus, soil test phosphorus, manured soils, non-manured soils, environmental threshold",
            "publicationTitle": "Canadian Journal of Soil Science",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "January 1, 2007",
            "volume": "87",
            "issue": "1",
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            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "73-83",
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            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "Can. J. Soil. Sci.",
            "DOI": "10.4141/S06-030",
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            "accessDate": "2014-07-09T17:47:53Z",
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            "PMCID": "",
            "ISSN": "0008-4271",
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            "language": "",
            "libraryCatalog": "pubs.aic.ca (Atypon)",
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            "extra": "00002",
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            ],
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            "dateAdded": "2014-07-15T16:49:25Z",
            "dateModified": "2019-05-22T18:42:39Z"
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