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In this paper, we introduce Chorus, a crowd-powered conversational assistant. When using Chorus, end users converse continuously with what appears to be a single conversational partner. Behind the scenes, Chorus leverages multiple crowd workers to propose and vote on responses. A shared memory space helps the dynamic crowd workforce maintain consistency, and a game-theoretic incentive mechanism helps to balance their efforts between proposing and voting. Studies with 12 end users and 100 crowd workers demonstrate that Chorus can provide accurate, topical responses, answering nearly 93% of user queries appropriately, and staying on-topic in over 95% of responses. We also observed that Chorus has advantages over pairing an end user with a single crowd worker and end users completing their own tasks in terms of speed, quality, and breadth of assistance. Chorus demonstrates a new future in which conversational assistants are made usable in the real world by combining human and machine intelligence, and may enable a useful new way of interacting with the crowds powering other systems.", "proceedingsTitle": "Proceedings of the 26th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology", "conferenceName": "", "publisher": "ACM", "place": "New York, NY, USA", "date": "2013", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "151–162", "series": "UIST '13", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "10.1145/2501988.2502057", "ISBN": "978-1-4503-2268-3", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2501988.2502057", "accessDate": "2015-07-30T04:38:43Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Chorus", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ACM Digital Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "conversational assistants", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "crowd-powered systems", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "crowdsourcing", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "dialog systems", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "human computation", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "EHNRPJ5B" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-07-30T04:38:43Z", "dateModified": "2015-07-30T04:38:43Z" } }, { "key": "2PS4GFUQ", "version": 90, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 272001, "name": "Goals Plans Crowds Social", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/goals_plans_crowds_social", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/272001/items/2PS4GFUQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/goals_plans_crowds_social/items/2PS4GFUQ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1114818, "username": "eagapie", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/eagapie", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Rosal et al.", "parsedDate": "2001-03", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "2PS4GFUQ", "version": 90, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Facilitating Dietary Change: The Patient-Centered Counseling Model", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Milagros C", "lastName": "Rosal" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Cara B", "lastName": "Ebbeling" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ingrid", "lastName": "Lofgren" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Judith K", "lastName": "Ockene" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ira S", "lastName": "Ockene" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "James R", "lastName": "Hebert" } ], "abstractNote": "Recent data indicate that the patient-centered counseling model enhances long-term dietary adherence. This model facilitates change by assessing patient needs and subsequently tailoring the intervention to the patient’s stage in the process of change, personal goals, and unique challenges. This article describes this model, including its theoretical foundations, a 4step counseling process, and applications. This behavioral counseling model can help nutrition professionals enhance patient adherence to nutrition care plans and dietary guidelines. J Am Diet Assoc. 2001;101:332-338,341.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of the American Dietetic Association", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "March 2001", "volume": "101", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "332-341", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Journal of the American Dietetic Association", "DOI": "10.1016/S0002-8223(01)00086-4", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002822301000864", "accessDate": "2014-09-22T16:17:24Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0002-8223", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Facilitating Dietary Change", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "2A6FHE6P" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-09-22T16:17:24Z", "dateModified": "2015-07-30T02:58:00Z" } }, { "key": "2WW3SRUC", "version": 89, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 272001, "name": "Goals Plans Crowds Social", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/goals_plans_crowds_social", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/272001/items/2WW3SRUC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/goals_plans_crowds_social/items/2WW3SRUC", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1114818, "username": "eagapie", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/eagapie", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Morris et al.", "parsedDate": "2010", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "2WW3SRUC", "version": 89, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "What Do People Ask Their Social Networks, and Why? A Survey Study of Status Message Q&A Behavior", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Meredith Ringel", "lastName": "Morris" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jaime", "lastName": "Teevan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Katrina", "lastName": "Panovich" } ], "abstractNote": "People often turn to their friends, families, and colleagues when they have questions. The recent, rapid rise of online social networking tools has made doing this on a large scale easy and efficient. In this paper we explore the phenomenon of using social network status messages to ask questions. We conducted a survey of 624 people, asking them to share the questions they have asked and answered of their online social networks. We present detailed data on the frequency of this type of question asking, the types of questions asked, and respondents' motivations for asking their social networks rather than using more traditional search tools like Web search engines. We report on the perceived speed and quality of the answers received, as well as what motivates people to respond to questions seen in their friends' status messages. We then discuss the implications of our findings for the design of next-generation search tools.", "proceedingsTitle": "Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems", "conferenceName": "", "publisher": "ACM", "place": "New York, NY, USA", "date": "2010", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "1739–1748", "series": "CHI '10", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "10.1145/1753326.1753587", "ISBN": "978-1-60558-929-9", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1753326.1753587", "accessDate": "2014-06-10T19:40:46Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "What Do People Ask Their Social Networks, and Why?", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ACM Digital Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "a", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "q&", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "social networks", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "social search", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "web search", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "2A6FHE6P", "9AGNWSD7" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-07-05T10:14:31Z", "dateModified": "2015-07-30T02:55:51Z" } }, { "key": "SARZF9Z7", "version": 88, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 272001, "name": "Goals Plans Crowds Social", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/goals_plans_crowds_social", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/272001/items/SARZF9Z7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/goals_plans_crowds_social/items/SARZF9Z7", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/272001/items/KJZBM6CV", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1114818, "username": "eagapie", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/eagapie", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "SARZF9Z7", "version": 88, "parentItem": "KJZBM6CV", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "ACM Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2015-07-30T02:54:09Z", "url": "http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=1979396&type=pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Klasnja et al. - 2011 - How to Evaluate Technologies for Health Behavior C.pdf", "md5": null, "mtime": null, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-07-30T02:54:09Z", "dateModified": "2015-07-30T02:54:12Z" } }, { "key": "KJZBM6CV", "version": 88, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 272001, "name": "Goals Plans Crowds Social", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/goals_plans_crowds_social", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/272001/items/KJZBM6CV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/goals_plans_crowds_social/items/KJZBM6CV", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1114818, "username": "eagapie", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/eagapie", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Klasnja et al.", "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "KJZBM6CV", "version": 88, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "How to Evaluate Technologies for Health Behavior Change in HCI Research", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Predrag", "lastName": "Klasnja" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sunny", "lastName": "Consolvo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Wanda", "lastName": "Pratt" } ], "abstractNote": "New technologies for encouraging physical activity, healthy diet, and other types of health behavior change now frequently appear in the HCI literature. Yet, how such technologies should be evaluated within the context of HCI research remains unclear. In this paper, we argue that the obvious answer to this question - that evaluations should assess whether a technology brought about the intended change in behavior - is too limited. We propose that demonstrating behavior change is often infeasible as well as unnecessary for a meaningful contribution to HCI research, especially when in the early stages of design or when evaluating novel technologies. As an alternative, we suggest that HCI contributions should focus on efficacy evaluations that are tailored to the specific behavior-change intervention strategies (e.g., self-monitoring, conditioning) embodied in the system and studies that help gain a deep understanding of people's experiences with the technology.", "proceedingsTitle": "Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems", "conferenceName": "", "publisher": "ACM", "place": "New York, NY, USA", "date": "2011", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "3063–3072", "series": "CHI '11", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "10.1145/1978942.1979396", "ISBN": "978-1-4503-0228-9", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1978942.1979396", "accessDate": "2015-07-30T02:54:09Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ACM Digital Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "behavior change", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "evaluation methods", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "health informatics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "user studies", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "9AGNWSD7" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-07-30T02:54:09Z", "dateModified": "2015-07-30T02:54:09Z" } }, { "key": "QDQTS5UG", "version": 86, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 272001, "name": "Goals Plans Crowds Social", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/goals_plans_crowds_social", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/272001/items/QDQTS5UG", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/goals_plans_crowds_social/items/QDQTS5UG", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/272001/items/EXD9CR3J", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1114818, "username": "eagapie", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/eagapie", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "QDQTS5UG", "version": 86, "parentItem": "EXD9CR3J", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2015-07-29T13:21:46Z", "url": "http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1207/s15324834basp0101_3#.VbjTXUbBWip", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "s15324834basp0101_3.html", "md5": null, "mtime": null, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-07-29T13:21:46Z", "dateModified": "2015-07-29T13:21:46Z" } }, { "key": "EXD9CR3J", "version": 87, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 272001, "name": "Goals Plans Crowds Social", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/goals_plans_crowds_social", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/272001/items/EXD9CR3J", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/goals_plans_crowds_social/items/EXD9CR3J", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1114818, "username": "eagapie", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/eagapie", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "DePaulo and Fisher", "parsedDate": "1980-03-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "EXD9CR3J", "version": 87, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Costs of Asking for Help", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bella M.", "lastName": "DePaulo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jeffrey D.", "lastName": "Fisher" } ], "abstractNote": "Psychological costs associated with seeking help were studied. The specific helpseeking costs that were addressed included various costs specific to the recipient (e.g., whether receiving the help leads to less credit for successful outcomes), as well as costs associated with the helper (e.g., inconvenience). The findings suggest that persons deciding whether to seek help take into account not only their own costs and rewards but also the cost-reward contingencies of their helper. It was also predicted and found that subjects for whom the expected tasks were especially involving would seek less help, and that subjects who asked for more help would feel less comfortable about approaching the helper and would believe that the helper would perceive them as less competent.", "publicationTitle": "Basic and Applied Social Psychology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "March 1, 1980", "volume": "1", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "23-35", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1207/s15324834basp0101_3", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15324834basp0101_3", "accessDate": "2015-07-29T13:21:38Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0197-3533", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Taylor and Francis+NEJM", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "9AGNWSD7", "EHNRPJ5B" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-07-29T13:21:38Z", "dateModified": "2015-07-29T13:21:38Z" } }, { "key": "F8FRBAIE", "version": 85, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 272001, "name": "Goals Plans Crowds Social", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/goals_plans_crowds_social", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/272001/items/F8FRBAIE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/goals_plans_crowds_social/items/F8FRBAIE", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/272001/items/W3IZ7CHD", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1114818, "username": "eagapie", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/eagapie", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "F8FRBAIE", "version": 85, "parentItem": "W3IZ7CHD", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "ACM Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2015-07-29T13:14:50Z", "url": "http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2384941&type=pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Burton et al. - 2012 - Crowdsourcing Subjective Fashion Advice Using VizW.pdf", "md5": null, "mtime": null, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-07-29T13:14:50Z", "dateModified": "2015-07-29T13:14:54Z" } }, { "key": "W3IZ7CHD", "version": 85, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 272001, "name": "Goals Plans Crowds Social", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/goals_plans_crowds_social", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/272001/items/W3IZ7CHD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/goals_plans_crowds_social/items/W3IZ7CHD", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1114818, "username": "eagapie", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/eagapie", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Burton et al.", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "W3IZ7CHD", "version": 85, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "Crowdsourcing Subjective Fashion Advice Using VizWiz: Challenges and Opportunities", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michele A.", "lastName": "Burton" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Erin", "lastName": "Brady" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robin", "lastName": "Brewer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Callie", "lastName": "Neylan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jeffrey P.", "lastName": "Bigham" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Amy", "lastName": "Hurst" } ], "abstractNote": "Fashion is a language. How we dress signals to others who we are and how we want to be perceived. However, this language is primarily visual, making it inaccessible to people with vision impairments. Someone who is low-vision or completely blind cannot see what others are wearing or readily know what constitutes the norms and extremes of fashion, but most everyone they encounter can see (and judge) their fashion choices. We describe our findings of a diary study with people with vision impairments that revealed the many accessibility barriers fashion presents, and how an online survey revealed that clothing decisions are often made collaboratively, regardless of visual ability. Based on these findings, we identified a need for a collaborative and real-time environment for fashion advice. We have tested the feasibility of providing this advice through crowdsourcing using VizWiz, a mobile phone application where participants receive nearly real-time answers to visual questions. Our pilot study results show that this application has the potential to address a great need within the blind community, but remaining challenges include improving photo capture and assembling a set of crowd workers with the requisite expertise. More broadly our research highlights the feasibility of using crowdsourcing for subjective, opinion-based advice.", "proceedingsTitle": "Proceedings of the 14th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility", "conferenceName": "", "publisher": "ACM", "place": "New York, NY, USA", "date": "2012", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "135–142", "series": "ASSETS '12", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "10.1145/2384916.2384941", "ISBN": "978-1-4503-1321-6", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2384916.2384941", "accessDate": "2015-07-29T13:14:50Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Crowdsourcing Subjective Fashion Advice Using VizWiz", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ACM Digital Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "blind users", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "crowdsourcing", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "fashion", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "EHNRPJ5B" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-07-29T13:14:50Z", "dateModified": "2015-07-29T13:14:50Z" } }, { "key": "GVQ3DZQC", "version": 84, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 272001, "name": "Goals Plans Crowds Social", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/goals_plans_crowds_social", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/272001/items/GVQ3DZQC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/goals_plans_crowds_social/items/GVQ3DZQC", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/272001/items/TK5P2W5F", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1114818, "username": "eagapie", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/eagapie", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "GVQ3DZQC", "version": 84, "parentItem": "TK5P2W5F", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "ACM Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2015-05-20T23:32:04Z", "url": "http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=1040870&type=pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "O'Donovan and Smyth - 2005 - Trust in Recommender Systems.pdf", "md5": null, "mtime": null, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-05-20T23:32:04Z", "dateModified": "2015-05-20T23:32:07Z" } }, { "key": "TK5P2W5F", "version": 84, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 272001, "name": "Goals Plans Crowds Social", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/goals_plans_crowds_social", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/272001/items/TK5P2W5F", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/goals_plans_crowds_social/items/TK5P2W5F", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1114818, "username": "eagapie", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/eagapie", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "O'Donovan and Smyth", "parsedDate": "2005", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "TK5P2W5F", "version": 84, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "Trust in Recommender Systems", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John", "lastName": "O'Donovan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Barry", "lastName": "Smyth" } ], "abstractNote": "Recommender systems have proven to be an important response to the information overload problem, by providing users with more proactive and personalized information services. And collaborative filtering techniques have proven to be an vital component of many such recommender systems as they facilitate the generation of high-quality recom-mendations by leveraging the preferences of communities of similar users. In this paper we suggest that the traditional emphasis on user similarity may be overstated. We argue that additional factors have an important role to play in guiding recommendation. Specifically we propose that the trustworthiness of users must be an important consideration. We present two computational models of trust and show how they can be readily incorporated into standard collaborative filtering frameworks in a variety of ways. We also show how these trust models can lead to improved predictive accuracy during recommendation.", "proceedingsTitle": "Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces", "conferenceName": "", "publisher": "ACM", "place": "New York, NY, USA", "date": "2005", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "167–174", "series": "IUI '05", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "10.1145/1040830.1040870", "ISBN": "1-58113-894-6", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1040830.1040870", "accessDate": "2015-05-20T23:32:04Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ACM Digital Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "collaborative filtering", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "profile similarity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "recommender systems", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "reputation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "trust", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-05-20T23:32:04Z", "dateModified": "2015-05-20T23:32:04Z" } }, { "key": "PH3ABD5A", "version": 83, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 272001, "name": "Goals Plans Crowds Social", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/goals_plans_crowds_social", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/272001/items/PH3ABD5A", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/goals_plans_crowds_social/items/PH3ABD5A", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/272001/items/T9S9WZT9", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1114818, "username": "eagapie", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/eagapie", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "PH3ABD5A", "version": 83, "parentItem": "T9S9WZT9", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "ACM Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2015-05-16T02:14:34Z", "url": "http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2702321&type=pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Paay et al. - 2015 - Understanding Individual Differences for Tailored .pdf", "md5": null, "mtime": null, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-05-16T02:14:34Z", "dateModified": "2015-05-16T02:14:36Z" } }, { "key": "T9S9WZT9", "version": 83, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 272001, "name": "Goals Plans Crowds Social", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/goals_plans_crowds_social", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/272001/items/T9S9WZT9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/goals_plans_crowds_social/items/T9S9WZT9", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1114818, "username": "eagapie", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/eagapie", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Paay et al.", "parsedDate": "2015", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "T9S9WZT9", "version": 83, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "Understanding Individual Differences for Tailored Smoking Cessation Apps", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jeni", "lastName": "Paay" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jesper", "lastName": "Kjeldskov" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mikael B.", "lastName": "Skov" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lars", "lastName": "Lichon" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stephan", "lastName": "Rasmussen" } ], "abstractNote": "Finding ways to help people quit smoking is a high priority in health behavior change research. Recent HCI studies involving technologies using specific quitting techniques such as social support and SMS messaging to help people quit have reported some success. Early studies using computer generated print material report significant success of tailored versus non-tailored material, however, there is limited understanding on what aspects of digitally delivered quitting assistance should be tailored and how. To address this, we have conducted an empirical investigation with smokers to identify perceived importance of different types of help when quitting and the potential role of technology in providing such help. We found that people are highly individual in their approach to quitting and the kind of help they regard as relevant to their situation. Our contribution is a collection of empirically derived themes for tailoring smoking cessation apps to individual quitting needs.", "proceedingsTitle": "Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems", "conferenceName": "", "publisher": "ACM", "place": "New York, NY, USA", "date": "2015", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "1699–1708", "series": "CHI '15", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "10.1145/2702123.2702321", "ISBN": "978-1-4503-3145-6", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2702123.2702321", "accessDate": "2015-05-16T02:14:34Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ACM Digital Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "health behavior change", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "individual differences", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "qualitative research", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "smoking cessation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "tailoring", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "88HPHJET" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-05-16T02:14:34Z", "dateModified": "2015-05-16T02:14:34Z" } }, { "key": "44PCWQGW", "version": 82, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 272001, "name": "Goals Plans Crowds Social", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/goals_plans_crowds_social", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/272001/items/44PCWQGW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/goals_plans_crowds_social/items/44PCWQGW", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1114818, "username": "eagapie", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/eagapie", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Morris et al.", "parsedDate": "2015-03-30", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "44PCWQGW", "version": 82, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Efficacy of a Web-Based, Crowdsourced Peer-To-Peer Cognitive Reappraisal Platform for Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robert R", "lastName": "Morris" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stephen M", "lastName": "Schueller" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rosalind W", "lastName": "Picard" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Medical Internet Research", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2015-03-30", "volume": "17", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "e72", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.2196/jmir.4167", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.jmir.org/2015/3/e72/", "accessDate": "2015-05-15T19:21:40Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1438-8871", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Efficacy of a Web-Based, Crowdsourced Peer-To-Peer Cognitive Reappraisal Platform for Depression", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "3C7N9X27" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-05-15T19:21:40Z", "dateModified": "2015-05-15T19:21:40Z" } }, { "key": "22CBK97G", "version": 81, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 272001, "name": "Goals Plans Crowds Social", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/goals_plans_crowds_social", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/272001/items/22CBK97G", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/goals_plans_crowds_social/items/22CBK97G", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/272001/items/SPHWCS9R", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1114818, "username": "eagapie", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/eagapie", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "22CBK97G", "version": 81, "parentItem": "SPHWCS9R", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "ACM Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2015-05-15T18:50:05Z", "url": "http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2208343&type=pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Boujarwah et al. - 2012 - Socially Computed Scripts to Support Social Proble.pdf", "md5": null, "mtime": null, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-05-15T18:50:05Z", "dateModified": "2015-05-15T18:50:07Z" } }, { "key": "SPHWCS9R", "version": 81, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 272001, "name": "Goals Plans Crowds Social", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/goals_plans_crowds_social", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/272001/items/SPHWCS9R", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/goals_plans_crowds_social/items/SPHWCS9R", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1114818, "username": "eagapie", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/eagapie", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Boujarwah et al.", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "SPHWCS9R", "version": 81, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "Socially Computed Scripts to Support Social Problem Solving Skills", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Fatima", "lastName": "Boujarwah" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gregory", "lastName": "Abowd" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rosa", "lastName": "Arriaga" } ], "abstractNote": "The social world that most of us navigate effortlessly can prove to be a perplexing and disconcerting place for individuals with autism. Interactive tools to teach social skills that are personalized to the individual's needs show promise, but it is challenging to author them. We describe the design, development, and preliminary evaluation of an approach to using human computation that enables the creation of models of complex and interesting social scenarios, possible obstacles that may arise in those scenarios, and potential solutions to those obstacles. Our preliminary evaluation of the models confirms that these models have the potential to help an author create a social skills instructional module.", "proceedingsTitle": "Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems", "conferenceName": "", "publisher": "ACM", "place": "New York, NY, USA", "date": "2012", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "1987–1996", "series": "CHI '12", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "10.1145/2207676.2208343", "ISBN": "978-1-4503-1015-4", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2207676.2208343", "accessDate": "2015-05-15T18:50:05Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ACM Digital Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "autism", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "crowdsourcing", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "design", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "evaluation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "human computation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "social scripts", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "3C7N9X27" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-05-15T18:50:05Z", "dateModified": "2015-05-15T18:50:05Z" } }, { "key": "EXAV6QXR", "version": 80, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 272001, "name": "Goals Plans Crowds Social", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/goals_plans_crowds_social", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/272001/items/EXAV6QXR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/goals_plans_crowds_social/items/EXAV6QXR", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/272001/items/28KCUCWX", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1114818, "username": "eagapie", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/eagapie", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "EXAV6QXR", "version": 80, "parentItem": "28KCUCWX", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "ACM Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2015-05-15T18:49:23Z", "url": "http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2702402&type=pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Hong et al. - 2015 - In-group Questions and Out-group Answers Crowdsou.pdf", "md5": null, "mtime": null, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-05-15T18:49:23Z", "dateModified": "2015-05-15T18:49:25Z" } }, { "key": "28KCUCWX", "version": 80, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 272001, "name": "Goals Plans Crowds Social", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/goals_plans_crowds_social", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/272001/items/28KCUCWX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/goals_plans_crowds_social/items/28KCUCWX", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1114818, "username": "eagapie", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/eagapie", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hong et al.", "parsedDate": "2015", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "28KCUCWX", "version": 80, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "In-group Questions and Out-group Answers: Crowdsourcing Daily Living Advice for Individuals with Autism", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Hwajung", "lastName": "Hong" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Eric", "lastName": "Gilbert" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gregory D.", "lastName": "Abowd" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rosa I.", "lastName": "Arriaga" } ], "abstractNote": "Difficulty in navigating daily life can lead to frustration and decrease independence for people with autism. While they turn to online autism communities for information and advice for coping with everyday challenges, these communities may present only a limited perspective because of their in-group nature. Obtaining support from out-group sources beyond the in-group community may prove valuable in dealing with challenging situations such as public anxiety and workplace conflicts. In this paper, we explore the value of supplementary out-group support from crowdsourced responders added to in-group support from a community of members. We find that out-group sources provide relatively rapid, concise responses with direct and structured information, socially appropriate coping strategies without compromising emotional value. Using an autism community as a motivating example, we conclude by providing design implications for combining in-group and out-group resources that may enhance the question-and-answer experience.", "proceedingsTitle": "Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems", "conferenceName": "", "publisher": "ACM", "place": "New York, NY, USA", "date": "2015", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "777–786", "series": "CHI '15", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "10.1145/2702123.2702402", "ISBN": "978-1-4503-3145-6", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2702123.2702402", "accessDate": "2015-05-15T18:49:23Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "In-group Questions and Out-group Answers", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ACM Digital Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "a", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "autism", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "crowdsourcing", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "in-group", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "online community", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "out-group", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "q&", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "social support", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "3C7N9X27" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-05-15T18:49:23Z", "dateModified": "2015-05-15T18:49:23Z" } }, { "key": "GEWDKCSJ", "version": 79, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 272001, "name": "Goals Plans Crowds Social", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/goals_plans_crowds_social", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/272001/items/GEWDKCSJ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/goals_plans_crowds_social/items/GEWDKCSJ", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/272001/items/UHZQRQDC", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1114818, "username": "eagapie", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/eagapie", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "GEWDKCSJ", "version": 79, "parentItem": "UHZQRQDC", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "ACM Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2015-05-15T18:47:10Z", "url": "http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2702329&type=pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Brady et al. - 2015 - Gauging Receptiveness to Social Microvolunteering.pdf", "md5": null, "mtime": null, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-05-15T18:47:10Z", "dateModified": "2015-05-15T18:47:13Z" } }, { "key": "UHZQRQDC", "version": 79, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 272001, "name": "Goals Plans Crowds Social", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/goals_plans_crowds_social", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/272001/items/UHZQRQDC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/goals_plans_crowds_social/items/UHZQRQDC", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1114818, "username": "eagapie", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/eagapie", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Brady et al.", "parsedDate": "2015", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "UHZQRQDC", "version": 79, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "Gauging Receptiveness to Social Microvolunteering", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Erin", "lastName": "Brady" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Meredith Ringel", "lastName": "Morris" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jeffrey P.", "lastName": "Bigham" } ], "abstractNote": "Crowd-powered systems that help people are difficult to scale and sustain because human labor is expensive and worker pools are difficult to grow. To address this problem we introduce the idea of social microvolunteering, a type of intermediated friendsourcing in which a person can provide access to their friends as potential workers for microtasks supporting causes that they care about. We explore this idea by creating Visual Answers, an exemplar social microvolunteering application for Facebook that posts visual questions from people who are blind. We present results of a survey of 350 participants on the concept of social microvolunteering, and a deployment of the Visual Answers application with 91 participants, which collected 618 high-quality answers to questions asked over 12 days, illustrating the feasibility of the approach.", "proceedingsTitle": "Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems", "conferenceName": "", "publisher": "ACM", "place": "New York, NY, USA", "date": "2015", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "1055–1064", "series": "CHI '15", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "10.1145/2702123.2702329", "ISBN": "978-1-4503-3145-6", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2702123.2702329", "accessDate": "2015-05-15T18:47:10Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ACM Digital Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "crowdsourcing", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "friendsourcing", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "sns", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "volunteering", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "THCCBUDM" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-05-15T18:47:10Z", "dateModified": "2015-05-15T18:47:10Z" } }, { "key": "MVMCTCN3", "version": 78, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 272001, "name": "Goals Plans Crowds Social", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/goals_plans_crowds_social", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/272001/items/MVMCTCN3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/goals_plans_crowds_social/items/MVMCTCN3", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/272001/items/XVR7DAQ5", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1114818, "username": "eagapie", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/eagapie", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "MVMCTCN3", "version": 78, "parentItem": "XVR7DAQ5", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2015-05-08T23:59:07Z", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jclp.1151/abstract", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "abstract.html", "md5": null, "mtime": null, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-05-08T23:59:07Z", "dateModified": "2015-05-08T23:59:07Z" } }, { "key": "XVR7DAQ5", "version": 78, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 272001, "name": "Goals Plans Crowds Social", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/goals_plans_crowds_social", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/272001/items/XVR7DAQ5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/goals_plans_crowds_social/items/XVR7DAQ5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1114818, "username": "eagapie", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/eagapie", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Norcross et al.", "parsedDate": "2002-04-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "XVR7DAQ5", "version": 78, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Auld lang Syne: Success predictors, change processes, and self-reported outcomes of New Year's resolvers and nonresolvers", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John C.", "lastName": "Norcross" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marci S.", "lastName": "Mrykalo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Matthew D.", "lastName": "Blagys" } ], "abstractNote": "New Year's resolvers (n = 159) and comparable nonresolvers interested in changing a problem later (n = 123) were followed for six months via telephone interviews to determine their self-reported outcomes, predictors of success, and change processes. The two groups did not differ in terms of demographic characteristics, problem histories, or behavioral goals (weight loss, exercise program, and smoking cessation being the most prevalent). Resolvers reported higher rates of success than nonresolvers; at six months, 46% of the resolvers were continuously successful compared to 4% of the nonresolvers. Self-efficacy, skills to change, and readiness to change assessed before January 1 all predicted positive outcome for resolvers. Once into the new year, successful resolvers employed more cognitive–behavioral processes but fewer awareness-generating and emotion-enhancing processes than nonsuccessful resolvers. Discussion centers on the research and intervention opportunities afforded by the annual tradition of resolutions. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 397–405, 2002.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Clinical Psychology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "April 1, 2002", "volume": "58", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "397-405", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J. Clin. Psychol.", "DOI": "10.1002/jclp.1151", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jclp.1151/abstract", "accessDate": "2015-05-08T23:58:58Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1097-4679", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Auld lang Syne", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Copyright © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-05-08T23:58:58Z", "dateModified": "2015-05-08T23:58:58Z" } } ]