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            "title": "In-field Assessment of Soil Salinity and Water Content with Electrical Geophysics",
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                    "firstName": "L. A.",
                    "lastName": "Pozdnyakova"
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                    "lastName": "Trubin"
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                    "lastName": "Orunbaev"
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                    "lastName": "Manstein"
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            "abstractNote": "Irrigated agricultural lands in arid and semi-arid areas are particularly vulnerable to climate change and subjected to secondary salinization. Detailed maps of the subsurface are necessary to manage and ameliorate salinity but difficult to obtain, as salinity is dynamic and highly spatially variable. Our group tested several on-ground geophysical instruments and geostatistical approaches for studying soil and groundwater salinity around the world for the last 20 years. Here we present an overview for updated methodologies of electrical geophysical methods (galvanic contact and multi-frequency electromagnetic induction) measuring soil electrical conductivity or resistivity in-situ from the surface down to the depth of 10–20 m to estimate soil salinity, water content, and depth to groundwater table in arid and humid environments both in rural and urban settings.",
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            "abstractNote": "The author, M.H.Loke, retains the copyright to this set of notes. Users may print a\ncopy of the notes, but may not alter the contents in any way. The copyright  otices must be retained. For public distribution, prior approval by the author is required. It is hoped that the information provided will prove useful for those carrying out 2-D and 3-D field surveys, but the author will not assume responsibility for any damage or loss caused by any errors in the information provided. If you find any errors, please inform me by email and I will make every effort to correct it in the next edition.\nYou can download the programs mentioned in the text (RES2DMOD, RES2DINV,\nRES3DMOD, RES3DINV) from the following Web site www.geoelectrical.com",
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            "itemType": "conferencePaper",
            "title": "Using LandMapper to Monitor Soil Salinity and Mitigate Its Effects on Rice Production at US Gulf Coast",
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                    "firstName": "Larisa",
                    "lastName": "Golovko"
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            "abstractNote": "Most of the soils along US Gulf Coast are naturally slightly saline and some are waterlogged during much of the growing season. Naturally, those areas are used for rice production rotated with cattle grazing or hay growing. Soil salinity of those areas varies spatially and temporarily due to drought, hurricane-pushed sea water surges, micro-elevation within fields, variability of salinity levels in irrigation water. Monitoring soil and water salinity with conventional techniques of collecting soil samples by farmer and sending them to outside lab is costly and time-consuming. Such approach fails to provide timely advice to the farmer regarding crop selection pre-planting and mitigation inputs during the growing season. Several rice farms affected by Katrina and Ike hurricanes were monitored in 2006-2011 utilizing field soil EC meter, LandMapper ERM-02, consumer-grade GPS, and other common equipment available to a farmer. On six test fields EC values were recorded with LandMapper directly in the field at 30 locations in less than 45 min. EC on those fields varied from 5 mS/m to 106 mS/m on surface; and from 19 mS/m to 400 mS/m in deeper layer. Thus, advice on soil salinity levels and possible ways of its mitigation was given to the farmer directly at the field. Pre-planting and within-season advices included selection of salt-tolerant rice hybrids, adjusting fertilizer rates, scheduling additional field flushes and monitoring irrigation water salinity with small, low-cost EC meters. A few farmers have reported higher yields from such closely monitored fields despite worse than optimal salinity levels in soil.",
            "proceedingsTitle": "Making Waves: Geophysical Innovations for a Thirsty World",
            "conferenceName": "SAGEEP 25",
            "publisher": "Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society",
            "place": "Tucson  AZ",
            "date": "2012-03-29",
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            "tags": [
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                    "tag": "VES"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "groundwater"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "potable water wells"
                },
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                    "tag": "resistivity"
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            "title": "A Vertical Electrical Sounding and Self-Potential Methods to Survey for Placement of Potable Water Wells",
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                    "firstName": "Larisa",
                    "lastName": "Golovko"
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                    "lastName": "Terry Waller"
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            ],
            "abstractNote": "Water is a precious commodity  in most urban and rural areas. Luck of local  potable  water \nsources threatens not only thriving but a mere survival of rural communities all over the world.  \nEstablishing potable water wells requires a lot of fundings and resources and often cost prohibitive for \nlocal governments in South America and Africa. Searching for shallow groundwater require knowledge \nof subsurface layers and locating intensity and directions of water fluxes, which can be accomplished \nwith geophysical methods of vertical electrical sounding (VES) and self-potential (SP).  A method of \nVES can distinguish differences in electrical resistivity or conductivity at the multiple (10+) layers in \nsoil profiles. These differences reveal the changes in soil texture and structure  between water-bearing \nand waterproof  layers,  which form a framework for  the subsurface water fluxes.  The directions and \nintensities of the fluxes  can then be evaluated with the self-potential method. However, conventional \nequipment for VES and SP is very expensive, bulky and complicated to operate. We tested a simple \nlow-cost handheld device, LandMapper ERM-02, to evaluate layers in the ground with VES method and \nresults were well  correlated with drilled profiles in Central TX.  Information is provided for the VES \narray assembly, field measuring procedure and interpretation of sounding results. Previously, device was \nused in Astrakhan area, Russia for estimation of the groundwater table and salinity layers in the soil \nprofiles. The method of self-potential was used to estimate subsurface water flux directions and \nintensities through the measured variation in electrical potential on the soil surface and direct potable \nwells placement in Kiev, Urkaine and Dmitrov, Russia.",
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            "publicationTitle": "Golf Course Management",
            "publisher": "",
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            "tags": [
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                    "tag": "LandMapper"
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                {
                    "tag": "golf courses"
                },
                {
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                },
                {
                    "tag": "turfgrass"
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            "creators": [
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Zubayda",
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Ahmed",
                    "lastName": "Al-Banna"
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            ],
            "abstractNote": "Several geophysical techniques, including magnetic, Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI), and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), have been used to investigate archaeological features because they are non-destructive and inexpensive compared to traditional methods such as excavation. GPR has been used in the Governorate of Babylon, Kish archeological site to investigate the subsurface ancient features.The GPR survey carried out on three parallel profiles. The length of each profile is 29 m and the spacing between each adjacent profile is 15 meters. The antennas  450 MHz and 750 MHz were used. The data was processed using GPR SliceV7 software. The GPR profiles indicate the presence of buried features, which may be an ancient wall. The wall is buried at a depth range between 0.5 and 3 m. Outside the study area, some part of the wall is visible on the surface. Three Electrical resistivity image (ERI) profiles (1, 2 and 3) were carried out by using wenner array to check the main features detected by GPR method. The ERI results are confirmed the GPR profiles (1, 2, and 3). Both methods indicate the existence of an ancient wall trending NW-SE. The thickness of the wall is approximately 3m and is located at distance 7.5-10.5 meters at profile 1 in the south and at distance 10-13 m in profiles 2 and 3. The depth of the wall ranges from 3–3.5 m. Another deep wall was also detected in the GPR profile 1 and in the three profiles of ERI method. The current work confirmed the importance of using ERI method with GPR method to investigate shallow subsurface features.",
            "publicationTitle": "Iraqi Geological Journal",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2023-8-31",
            "volume": "56",
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            "section": "",
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            "pages": "224-232",
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            "title": "Abrupt permafrost thaw drives spatially heterogeneous soil moisture and carbon dioxide fluxes in upland tundra",
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Heidi",
                    "lastName": "Rodenhizer"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Susan M.",
                    "lastName": "Natali"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Marguerite",
                    "lastName": "Mauritz"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Meghan A.",
                    "lastName": "Taylor"
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Gerardo",
                    "lastName": "Celis"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Stephanie",
                    "lastName": "Kadej"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Allison K.",
                    "lastName": "Kelley"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Emma R.",
                    "lastName": "Lathrop"
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Justin",
                    "lastName": "Ledman"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Elaine F.",
                    "lastName": "Pegoraro"
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                    "firstName": "Verity G.",
                    "lastName": "Salmon"
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                    "firstName": "Christina",
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                    "firstName": "Craig",
                    "lastName": "See"
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                    "firstName": "Elizabeth E.",
                    "lastName": "Webb"
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                    "firstName": "Edward A. G.",
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            "abstractNote": "Abstract\n            \n              Permafrost thaw causes the seasonally thawed active layer to deepen, causing the Arctic to shift toward carbon release as soil organic matter becomes susceptible to decomposition. Ground subsidence initiated by ice loss can cause these soils to collapse abruptly, rapidly shifting soil moisture as microtopography changes and also accelerating carbon and nutrient mobilization. The uncertainty of soil moisture trajectories during thaw makes it difficult to predict the role of abrupt thaw in suppressing or exacerbating carbon losses. In this study, we investigated the role of shifting soil moisture conditions on carbon dioxide fluxes during a 13‐year permafrost warming experiment that exhibited abrupt thaw. Warming deepened the active layer differentially across treatments, leading to variable rates of subsidence and formation of thermokarst depressions. In turn, differential subsidence caused a gradient of moisture conditions, with some plots becoming consistently inundated with water within thermokarst depressions and others exhibiting generally dry, but more variable soil moisture conditions outside of thermokarst depressions. Experimentally induced permafrost thaw initially drove increasing rates of growing season gross primary productivity (GPP), ecosystem respiration (\n              R\n              eco\n              ), and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) (higher carbon uptake), but the formation of thermokarst depressions began to reverse this trend with a high level of spatial heterogeneity. Plots that subsided at the slowest rate stayed relatively dry and supported higher CO\n              2\n              fluxes throughout the 13‐year experiment, while plots that subsided very rapidly into the center of a thermokarst feature became consistently wet and experienced a rapid decline in growing season GPP,\n              R\n              eco\n              , and NEE (lower carbon uptake or carbon release). These findings indicate that Earth system models, which do not simulate subsidence and often predict drier active layer conditions, likely overestimate net growing season carbon uptake in abruptly thawing landscapes.",
            "publicationTitle": "Global Change Biology",
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            "place": "",
            "date": "2023-09-11",
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                    "lastName": "Orozco"
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            "date": "11/2023",
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            "pages": "108910",
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Hongyan",
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                    "firstName": "Ying",
                    "lastName": "Cheng"
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                    "firstName": "Oleg A.",
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                    "firstName": "Andrei Yu.",
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                    "lastName": "Qiao"
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                    "lastName": "Chen"
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Hebin",
                    "lastName": "Liu"
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