[ { "key": "TIGZ32D3", "version": 177, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268753, "name": "The Wahls Protocol", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268753/items/TIGZ32D3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol/items/TIGZ32D3", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268753/items/9G3A66A8", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5982, "username": "beogl", "name": "Lennart Borgman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/beogl", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "TIGZ32D3", "version": 177, "parentItem": "9G3A66A8", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2014-06-13T18:45:35Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17716290", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-13T18:45:35Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-13T18:45:35Z" } }, { "key": "9G3A66A8", "version": 177, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268753, "name": "The Wahls Protocol", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268753/items/9G3A66A8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol/items/9G3A66A8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5982, "username": "beogl", "name": "Lennart Borgman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/beogl", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Seymour et al.", "parsedDate": "2007-10", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "9G3A66A8", "version": 177, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Relationship between periodontal infections and systemic disease", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G J", "lastName": "Seymour" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P J", "lastName": "Ford" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M P", "lastName": "Cullinan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S", "lastName": "Leishman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K", "lastName": "Yamazaki" } ], "abstractNote": "Oral conditions such as gingivitis and chronic periodontitis are found worldwide and are among the most prevalent microbial diseases of mankind. The cause of these common inflammatory conditions is the complex microbiota found as dental plaque, a complex microbial biofilm. Despite 3000 years of history demonstrating the influence of oral status on general health, it is only in recent decades that the association between periodontal diseases and systemic conditions such as coronary heart disease and stroke, and a higher risk of preterm low birth-weight babies, has been realised. Similarly, recognition of the threats posed by periodontal diseases to individuals with chronic diseases such as diabetes, respiratory diseases and osteoporosis is relatively recent. Despite these epidemiological associations, the mechanisms for the various relationships remain unknown. Nevertheless, a number of hypotheses have been postulated, including common susceptibility, systemic inflammation with increased circulating cytokines and mediators, direct infection and cross-reactivity or molecular mimicry between bacterial antigens and self-antigens. With respect to the latter, cross-reactive antibodies and T-cells between self heat-shock proteins (HSPs) and Porphyromonas gingivalis GroEL have been demonstrated in the peripheral blood of patients with atherosclerosis as well as in the atherosclerotic plaques themselves. In addition, P. gingivalis infection has been shown to enhance the development and progression of atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice. From these data, it is clear that oral infection may represent a significant risk-factor for systemic diseases, and hence the control of oral disease is essential in the prevention and management of these systemic conditions.", "publicationTitle": "Clinical microbiology and infection: the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Oct 2007", "volume": "13 Suppl 4", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "3-10", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Clin. Microbiol. Infect.", "DOI": "10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01798.x", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1198-743X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 17716290", "tags": [ { "tag": "Animals", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Bacteroidaceae Infections", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "C-Reactive Protein", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cardiovascular Diseases", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Chaperonin 60", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Molecular Mimicry", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Periodontitis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Porphyromonas gingivalis", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "SQ4XMX2P" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-13T18:45:35Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-13T18:45:35Z" } }, { "key": "VR2CE2BK", "version": 177, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268753, "name": "The Wahls Protocol", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268753/items/VR2CE2BK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol/items/VR2CE2BK", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5982, "username": "beogl", "name": "Lennart Borgman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/beogl", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Morrison et al.", "parsedDate": "1999-02", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "VR2CE2BK", "version": 177, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Periodontal disease and risk of fatal coronary heart and cerebrovascular diseases", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H I", "lastName": "Morrison" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L F", "lastName": "Ellison" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G W", "lastName": "Taylor" } ], "abstractNote": "BACKGROUND: Recent reports have implicated periodontal disease as a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD).\nMETHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using participants in the 1970-1972 Nutrition Canada Survey (NCS). The mortality experience of male and female NCS participants aged 35-84 years without self-reported CHD (n = 10,368) or cerebrovascular disease (CVD) (n = 11,251) was determined through 1993. The relation between dental health and the risk of fatal CHD and CVD was assessed using Poisson regression modeling.\nRESULTS: In total, 466 CHD and 210 CVD deaths were observed; missing confounder data reduced these numbers to 416 CHD and 182 CVD deaths. Adjusted for age, sex, diabetes status, serum total cholesterol, smoking, hypertensive status, and province, we found a statistically significant association between periodontal disease and risk of fatal CHD. Rate ratios (RR) of 2.15 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25-3.72) and 1.90 (95% CI 1.17-3.10) were observed for severe gingivitis and edentulous status, respectively. Non-statistically significantly increased RRs of 1.81 and 1.63 were observed for severe gingivitis and edentulous status for CVD.\nCONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that poor dental health is associated with an increased risk of fatal CHD.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of cardiovascular risk", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Feb 1999", "volume": "6", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "7-11", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Cardiovasc Risk", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1350-6277", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 10197286", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aged, 80 and over", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Canada", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cerebrovascular Disorders", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cohort Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Confidence Intervals", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Coronary Disease", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Middle Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Periodontal Diseases", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Poisson Distribution", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Retrospective Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Risk Factors", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "SQ4XMX2P" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-13T18:44:03Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-13T18:44:03Z" } }, { "key": "V7UR7A92", "version": 176, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268753, "name": "The Wahls Protocol", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268753/items/V7UR7A92", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol/items/V7UR7A92", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268753/items/VR2CE2BK", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5982, "username": "beogl", "name": "Lennart Borgman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/beogl", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "V7UR7A92", "version": 176, "parentItem": "VR2CE2BK", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2014-06-13T18:44:03Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10197286", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-13T18:44:03Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-13T18:44:03Z" } }, { "key": "4785CJXJ", "version": 175, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268753, "name": "The Wahls Protocol", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268753/items/4785CJXJ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol/items/4785CJXJ", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268753/items/A7TIRQQ4", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5982, "username": "beogl", "name": "Lennart Borgman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/beogl", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "4785CJXJ", "version": 175, "parentItem": "A7TIRQQ4", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Full book", "accessDate": "2014-06-13T18:42:50Z", "url": "http://www.soilandhealth.org/02/0201hyglibcat/020108.coca.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-13T18:42:50Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-13T18:43:00Z" } }, { "key": "A7TIRQQ4", "version": 177, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268753, "name": "The Wahls Protocol", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268753/items/A7TIRQQ4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol/items/A7TIRQQ4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5982, "username": "beogl", "name": "Lennart Borgman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/beogl", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Coca", "parsedDate": "1995-11-30", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "A7TIRQQ4", "version": 177, "itemType": "book", "title": "The Pulse Test: The Secret of Building Your Basic Health", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Arthur F.", "lastName": "Coca" } ], "abstractNote": "This classic bestseller shows readers how to find their personal allergies and avoid illness. The Pulse Test shows readers step-by-step how to discover their pulse pattern and test themselves to find out what foods and/or inhalants cause their pulse to work beyond its regular capacity.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "1995-11-30", "publisher": "St. Martin's Press", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "186", "ISBN": "9780312956998", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The Pulse Test", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Google Books", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Health & Fitness / Reference", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "SQ4XMX2P" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-13T18:42:02Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-13T18:42:02Z" } }, { "key": "XP4KFE8E", "version": 175, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268753, "name": "The Wahls Protocol", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268753/items/XP4KFE8E", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol/items/XP4KFE8E", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268753/items/A7TIRQQ4", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5982, "username": "beogl", "name": "Lennart Borgman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/beogl", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "XP4KFE8E", "version": 175, "parentItem": "A7TIRQQ4", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Google Books Link", "accessDate": "2014-06-13T18:42:02Z", "url": "http://books.google.se/books?id=VK2cGwAACAAJ", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-13T18:42:02Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-13T18:42:02Z" } }, { "key": "XTU4C4TI", "version": 173, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268753, "name": "The Wahls Protocol", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268753/items/XTU4C4TI", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol/items/XTU4C4TI", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268753/items/8SVK9ZJS", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5982, "username": "beogl", "name": "Lennart Borgman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/beogl", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "XTU4C4TI", "version": 173, "parentItem": "8SVK9ZJS", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2014-06-13T18:33:28Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22059800", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-13T18:33:28Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-13T18:33:28Z" } }, { "key": "8SVK9ZJS", "version": 173, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268753, "name": "The Wahls Protocol", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268753/items/8SVK9ZJS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol/items/8SVK9ZJS", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5982, "username": "beogl", "name": "Lennart Borgman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/beogl", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Sylvestre et al.", "parsedDate": "2012-04", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "8SVK9ZJS", "version": 173, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Assessing the cumulative effects of exposure to selected benzodiazepines on the risk of fall-related injuries in the elderly", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marie-Pierre", "lastName": "Sylvestre" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michal", "lastName": "Abrahamowicz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Radan", "lastName": "Čapek" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robyn", "lastName": "Tamblyn" } ], "abstractNote": "BACKGROUND: The use of benzodiazepines is associated with increased risk of fall-related injuries in the elderly. However, it is unclear if the risks vary across the products and how they depend on the pattern of use and dosage. Specifically, the possibility of cumulative effects of past benzodiazepine use has not been thoroughly investigated.\nMETHODS: We used the administrative database for a cohort of 23,765 new users of benzodiazepines, aged 65 years and older, in Quebec, Canada, between 1990 and 1994. The associations between the use of seven benzodiazepines and the risk of fall-related injuries were assessed using several statistical models, including a novel weighted cumulative exposure model. That model assigns to each dose taken in the past a weight that represents the importance of that dose in explaining the current risk of fall.\nRESULTS: For flurazepam, the best-fitting model indicated a cumulative effect of doses taken in the last two weeks. Uninterrupted use of flurazepam in the past months was associated with a highly significant increase in the risk of fall-related injuries (HR = 2.83, 95% CI: 1.45-4.34). The cumulative effect of a 30-day exposure to alprazolam was 1.27 (1.13-1.42). For temazepam, the results suggested a potential withdrawal effect.\nCONCLUSIONS: Mechanisms affecting the risk of falls differ across benzodiazepines, and may include cumulative effects of use in the previous few weeks. Thus, benzodiazepine-specific analyses that account for individual patterns of use should be preferred over simpler analyses that group different benzodiazepines together and limit exposure to current use or current dose.", "publicationTitle": "International psychogeriatrics / IPA", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Apr 2012", "volume": "24", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "577-586", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Int Psychogeriatr", "DOI": "10.1017/S1041610211002031", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1741-203X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 22059800", "tags": [ { "tag": "Accidental Falls", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Alprazolam", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Benzodiazepines", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Bromazepam", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Chlordiazepoxide", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Clonazepam", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Flurazepam", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Lorazepam", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Proportional Hazards Models", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Risk Factors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Temazepam", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "7XVV3AGT" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-13T18:33:28Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-13T18:33:28Z" } }, { "key": "4P43XS43", "version": 172, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268753, "name": "The Wahls Protocol", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268753/items/4P43XS43", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol/items/4P43XS43", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268753/items/44RAEPJF", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5982, "username": "beogl", "name": "Lennart Borgman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/beogl", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "4P43XS43", "version": 172, "parentItem": "44RAEPJF", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2014-06-13T18:31:17Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22566242", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-13T18:31:17Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-13T18:31:17Z" } }, { "key": "44RAEPJF", "version": 172, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268753, "name": "The Wahls Protocol", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268753/items/44RAEPJF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol/items/44RAEPJF", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5982, "username": "beogl", "name": "Lennart Borgman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/beogl", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Khong et al.", "parsedDate": "2012-07", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "44RAEPJF", "version": 172, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Potential impact of benzodiazepine use on the rate of hip fractures in five large European countries and the United States", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T P", "lastName": "Khong" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "F", "lastName": "de Vries" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J S B", "lastName": "Goldenberg" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "O H", "lastName": "Klungel" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "N J", "lastName": "Robinson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Luisa", "lastName": "Ibáñez" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H", "lastName": "Petri" } ], "abstractNote": "Benzodiazepine use increases the risk of falls and has been associated with an increased risk of hip fractures. Our aim was to estimate the possible population impact of the use of benzodiazepines on the rate of hip fracture in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States. We conducted a literature review to estimate the pooled relative risk (RR) for hip fractures and use of benzodiazepines. Prevalence rates of benzodiazepine use in 2009 were calculated for each country using the IMS MIDAS database and three public databases in Denmark, the Netherlands, and Norway. Both the RR and prevalence rates were used for calculation of population attributable risks (PARs) of hip fractures associated with benzodiazepine use. The literature review showed an increased risk of hip fractures in benzodiazepine users (RR = 1.4, 95 % CI 1.2-1.6). Rate of benzodiazepine use showed considerable differences between countries, ranging from 4.7 % to 22.3 % of population ever in a 1-year period. These are reflected in results for the PARs; estimated attributions of benzodiazepines to the rate of hip fractures were 1.8 %, 95 % CI 1.1-2.6 (Germany); 2.0 %, 95 % CI 1.2-2.8 (United Kingdom); 5.2 %, 95 % CI 3.2-7.3 (Italy); 7.4 %, 95 % CI 4.5-10.0 (France); 8.0 %, 95 % CI 4.9-11.0 (United States); and 8.2 %, 95 % CI 5.1-12.0 (Spain). PAR estimates suggest that the potential attribution of benzodiazepine use on the population rate of hip fractures in the five specified European countries and the United States varies between 1.8 % and 8.2 %. During the next phase of the IMI-PROTECT study, a comparison with individual patient data will show whether this approach is valid.", "publicationTitle": "Calcified tissue international", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Jul 2012", "volume": "91", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "24-31", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Calcif. Tissue Int.", "DOI": "10.1007/s00223-012-9603-8", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1432-0827", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 22566242 \nPMCID: PMC3382650", "tags": [ { "tag": "Benzodiazepines", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Denmark", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Europe", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fractures, Bone", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "France", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Germany", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Great Britain", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Hip Fractures", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Italy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Prevalence", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Risk Factors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Spain", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "United States", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "7XVV3AGT" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-13T18:31:17Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-13T18:31:17Z" } }, { "key": "33RRN2Q9", "version": 171, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268753, "name": "The Wahls Protocol", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268753/items/33RRN2Q9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol/items/33RRN2Q9", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268753/items/4ZTFFF34", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5982, "username": "beogl", "name": "Lennart Borgman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/beogl", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "33RRN2Q9", "version": 171, "parentItem": "4ZTFFF34", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2014-06-13T18:29:20Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19030714", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-13T18:29:20Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-13T18:29:20Z" } }, { "key": "4ZTFFF34", "version": 171, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268753, "name": "The Wahls Protocol", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268753/items/4ZTFFF34", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol/items/4ZTFFF34", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5982, "username": "beogl", "name": "Lennart Borgman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/beogl", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Moreira et al.", "parsedDate": "2008-10", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "4ZTFFF34", "version": 171, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Restless leg syndrome, sleep quality and fatigue in multiple sclerosis patients", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "N C V", "lastName": "Moreira" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R S", "lastName": "Damasceno" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C A M", "lastName": "Medeiros" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P F C de", "lastName": "Bruin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C A C", "lastName": "Teixeira" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "W G", "lastName": "Horta" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "V M S de", "lastName": "Bruin" } ], "abstractNote": "We have tested the hypothesis that restless leg syndrome (RLS) is related to quality of sleep, fatigue and clinical disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). The diagnosis of RLS used the four minimum criteria defined by the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group. Fatigue was assessed by the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS >27), quality of sleep by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI >6), excessive daytime sleepiness by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS >10) and clinical disability by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Forty-four patients (32 women) aged 14 to 64 years (43 +/- 14) with disease from 0.4 to 23 years (6.7 +/- 5.9) were evaluated. Thirty-five were classified as relapsing-remitting, 5 as primary progressive and 4 as secondary progressive. EDSS varied from 0 to 8.0 (3.6 +/- 2.0). RLS was detected in 12 cases (27%). Patients with RLS presented greater disability (P = 0.01), poorer sleep (P = 0.02) and greater levels of fatigue (P = 0.03). Impaired sleep was present in 23 (52%) and excessive daytime sleepiness in 3 cases (6.8%). Fatigue was present in 32 subjects (73%) and was associated with clinical disability (P = 0.000) and sleep quality (P = 0.002). Age, gender, disease duration, MS pattern, excessive daytime sleepiness and the presence of upper motor neuron signs were not associated with the presence of RLS. Fatigue was best explained by clinical disability and poor sleep quality. Awareness of RLS among health care professionals may contribute to improvement in MS management.", "publicationTitle": "Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas médicas e biológicas / Sociedade Brasileira de Biofísica ... [et al.]", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Oct 2008", "volume": "41", "issue": "10", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "932-937", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res.", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1414-431X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 19030714", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adolescent", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cross-Sectional Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Disorders of Excessive Somnolence", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fatigue", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Middle Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Multiple Sclerosis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Restless Legs Syndrome", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Severity of Illness Index", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Young Adult", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "7XVV3AGT" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-13T18:29:20Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-13T18:29:20Z" } }, { "key": "XH6DCCHM", "version": 171, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268753, "name": "The Wahls Protocol", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268753/items/XH6DCCHM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol/items/XH6DCCHM", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268753/items/43PS5NDA", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5982, "username": "beogl", "name": "Lennart Borgman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/beogl", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "XH6DCCHM", "version": 171, "parentItem": "43PS5NDA", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2014-06-13T18:28:26Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18655317", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-13T18:28:26Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-13T18:28:26Z" } }, { "key": "43PS5NDA", "version": 171, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268753, "name": "The Wahls Protocol", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268753/items/43PS5NDA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol/items/43PS5NDA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5982, "username": "beogl", "name": "Lennart Borgman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/beogl", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Italian REMS Study Group et al.", "parsedDate": "2008-07", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "43PS5NDA", "version": 171, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Multicenter case-control study on restless legs syndrome in multiple sclerosis: the REMS study", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "name": "Italian REMS Study Group" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mauro", "lastName": "Manconi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Luigi", "lastName": "Ferini-Strambi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Massimo", "lastName": "Filippi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Enrica", "lastName": "Bonanni" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alfonso", "lastName": "Iudice" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Luigi", "lastName": "Murri" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gian Luigi", "lastName": "Gigli" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lara", "lastName": "Fratticci" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Giovanni", "lastName": "Merlino" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Giovanni", "lastName": "Terzano" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Franco", "lastName": "Granella" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Liborio", "lastName": "Parrino" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rosalia", "lastName": "Silvestri" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Irene", "lastName": "Aricò" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Vincenzo", "lastName": "Dattola" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Giovanna", "lastName": "Russo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Carmela", "lastName": "Luongo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alessandro", "lastName": "Cicolin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Antonella", "lastName": "Tribolo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Paola", "lastName": "Cavalla" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mariantonietta", "lastName": "Savarese" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Maria", "lastName": "Trojano" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Salvatore", "lastName": "Ottaviano" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Fabio", "lastName": "Cirignotta" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Valentina", "lastName": "Simioni" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Fabrizio", "lastName": "Salvi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Fiorella", "lastName": "Mondino" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Franco", "lastName": "Perla" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Giorgia", "lastName": "Chinaglia" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Cristina", "lastName": "Zuliani" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Edward", "lastName": "Cesnik" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Enrico", "lastName": "Granieri" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Fabio", "lastName": "Placidi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Maria Giuseppina", "lastName": "Palmieri" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Raffaele", "lastName": "Manni" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michele", "lastName": "Terzaghi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Roberto", "lastName": "Bergamaschi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Raffaele", "lastName": "Rocchi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Monica", "lastName": "Ulivelli" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sabina", "lastName": "Bartalini" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Raffaele", "lastName": "Ferri" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Salvatore", "lastName": "Lo Fermo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Emilio", "lastName": "Ubiali" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Massimo", "lastName": "Viscardi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mariarosa", "lastName": "Rottoli" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lino", "lastName": "Nobili" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alessandra", "lastName": "Protti" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Franco", "lastName": "Ferrillo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marta", "lastName": "Allena" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gianluigi", "lastName": "Mancardi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Biancamaria", "lastName": "Guarnieri" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Francesco", "lastName": "Londrillo" } ], "abstractNote": "STUDY OBJECTIVES: To verify the existence of a symptomatic form of restless legs syndrome (RLS) secondary to multiple sclerosis (MS) and to identify possible associated risk factors.\nDESIGN: Prospective, multicenter, case-control epidemiologic survey.\nSETTINGS: Twenty sleep centers certified by the Italian Association of Sleep Medicine.\nPATIENTS: Eight hundred and sixty-one patients affected by MS and 649 control subjects.\nINTERVENTIONS: N/A.\nMEASURES AND RESULTS: Data regarding demographic and clinical factors, presence and severity of RLS, the results of hematologic tests, and visual analysis of cerebrospinal magnetic resonance imaging studies were collected. The prevalence of RLS was 19% in MS and 4.2% in control subjects, with a risk to be affected by RLS of 5.4 (95%confidence interval: 3.56-8.26) times greater for patients with MS than for control subjects. In patients with MS, the following risk factors for RLS were significant: older age; longer MS duration; the primary progressive MS form; higher global, pyramidal, and sensory disability; and the presence of leg jerks before sleep onset. Patients with MS and RLS more often had sleep complaints and a higher intake of hypnotic medications than patients with MS without RLS. RLS associated with MS was more severe than that of control subjects.\nCONCLUSIONS: RLS is significantly associated with MS, especially in patients with severe pyramidal and sensory disability. These results strengthen the idea that the inflammatory damage correlated with MS may induce a secondary form of RLS. As it does in idiopathic cases, RLS has a significant impact on sleep quality in patients with MS; therefore, it should be always searched for, particularly in the presence of insomnia unresponsive to treatment with common hypnotic drugs.", "publicationTitle": "Sleep", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Jul 2008", "volume": "31", "issue": "7", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "944-952", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Sleep", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0161-8105", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Multicenter case-control study on restless legs syndrome in multiple sclerosis", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 18655317 \nPMCID: PMC2491510", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Case-Control Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Comorbidity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cross-Sectional Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Health Surveys", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Italy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Middle Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Prospective Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Restless Legs Syndrome", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "7XVV3AGT" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-13T18:28:26Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-13T18:28:26Z" } }, { "key": "3I6CQ63G", "version": 170, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268753, "name": "The Wahls Protocol", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268753/items/3I6CQ63G", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol/items/3I6CQ63G", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5982, "username": "beogl", "name": "Lennart Borgman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/beogl", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bamer et al.", "parsedDate": "2008-09", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "3I6CQ63G", "version": 170, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Prevalence of sleep problems in individuals with multiple sclerosis", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A M", "lastName": "Bamer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K L", "lastName": "Johnson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D", "lastName": "Amtmann" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G H", "lastName": "Kraft" } ], "abstractNote": "BACKGROUND: Sleep disturbance in multiple sclerosis has received little research attention despite the potential influence it may have on disease impact.\nOBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of sleep disorders in a large community sample of individuals with multiple sclerosis.\nMETHODS: A cross-sectional self-report survey of 1063 persons with multiple sclerosis. Sleep was assessed using the Women's Health Initiative Insomnia Rating Scale and Medical Outcomes Study Sleep measure.\nRESULTS: The prevalence of sleep problems in multiple sclerosis is significantly higher than in the general population or other chronic diseases and may affect women with multiple sclerosis more than men.\nCONCLUSION: Sleep disturbance should routinely be evaluated in patients with multiple sclerosis and new interventions developed.", "publicationTitle": "Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Sep 2008", "volume": "14", "issue": "8", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1127-1130", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Mult. Scler.", "DOI": "10.1177/1352458508092807", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1352-4585", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 18632776 \nPMCID: PMC2845464", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Chronic Disease", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cross-Sectional Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Health Surveys", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Multiple Sclerosis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Prevalence", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sleep Disorders", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Snoring", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "United States", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Washington", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Young Adult", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "7XVV3AGT" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-13T18:27:32Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-13T18:27:32Z" } }, { "key": "HWV5JZ6G", "version": 170, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268753, "name": "The Wahls Protocol", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268753/items/HWV5JZ6G", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol/items/HWV5JZ6G", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268753/items/3I6CQ63G", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5982, "username": "beogl", "name": "Lennart Borgman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/beogl", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "HWV5JZ6G", "version": 170, "parentItem": "3I6CQ63G", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2014-06-13T18:27:32Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18632776", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-13T18:27:32Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-13T18:27:32Z" } }, { "key": "5GN8BGN7", "version": 169, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268753, "name": "The Wahls Protocol", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268753/items/5GN8BGN7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol/items/5GN8BGN7", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268753/items/IV27E3KE", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5982, "username": "beogl", "name": "Lennart Borgman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/beogl", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "5GN8BGN7", "version": 169, "parentItem": "IV27E3KE", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2014-06-13T18:26:06Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19660985", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-13T18:26:06Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-13T18:26:06Z" } }, { "key": "IV27E3KE", "version": 169, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268753, "name": "The Wahls Protocol", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268753/items/IV27E3KE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol/items/IV27E3KE", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5982, "username": "beogl", "name": "Lennart Borgman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/beogl", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bixler", "parsedDate": "2009-09", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "IV27E3KE", "version": 169, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Sleep and society: an epidemiological perspective", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Edward", "lastName": "Bixler" } ], "abstractNote": "The relationship between good health and sleep duration has been clearly established in epidemiological studies, although exactly which factors are involved in altering sleep patterns remains to be fully determined. This, at least in part, reflects the complex and multifactorial mechanisms involved in sleep. Subjective sleep duration has slowly declined over the last 50 years, and suboptimal sleep duration and poor sleep quality are becoming widespread in modern society. Suboptimal sleep duration has a strong association with mortality and morbidity; hence there is a need to more clearly understand the mechanisms involved in regulating sleep duration and patterns and to identify high-risk individuals who are in greatest need of preventive strategies. This review focuses on epidemiological evidence of the relationship between sleep duration and various risk factors, including socioeconomic, behavioural and metabolic aspects.", "publicationTitle": "Sleep medicine", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Sep 2009", "volume": "10 Suppl 1", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "S3-6", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Sleep Med.", "DOI": "10.1016/j.sleep.2009.07.005", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1878-5506", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Sleep and society", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 19660985", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adolescent", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Age Factors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Alcohol Drinking", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cross-Sectional Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Health Surveys", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Life Style", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Middle Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Obesity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sleep Deprivation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sleep Disorders", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Smoking", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Social Change", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Socioeconomic Factors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Stress, Psychological", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Young Adult", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "7XVV3AGT" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-13T18:26:06Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-13T18:26:06Z" } }, { "key": "RKQAF8I8", "version": 168, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268753, "name": "The Wahls Protocol", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268753/items/RKQAF8I8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol/items/RKQAF8I8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5982, "username": "beogl", "name": "Lennart Borgman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/beogl", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hyman", "parsedDate": "2012-02-28", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "RKQAF8I8", "version": 168, "itemType": "book", "title": "The Blood Sugar Solution: The UltraHealthy Program for Losing Weight, Preventing Disease, and Feeling Great Now!", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mark", "lastName": "Hyman" } ], "abstractNote": "The #1 bestseller that offers \"a ground breaking, science-based, easy-to-follow prescription. Start your journey to healing now!\" - Mehmet Oz, MDDr. Mark Hyman reveals that the secret to losing weight and preventing not just diabetes but also heart disease, stroke, dementia, and cancer is balanced insulin levels. Dr. Hyman describes the seven keys to achieving wellness-nutrition, hormones, inflammation, digestion, detoxification, energy metabolism, and a calm mind-and explains his revolutionary six-week healthy-living program. With advice on diet, green living, supplements and medication, exercise, and personalizing the plan for optimal results, this book also teaches readers how to maintain lifelong health. Groundbreaking and timely, THE BLOOD SUGAR SOLUTION is the fastest way to lose weight, prevent disease, and feel better than ever.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2012-02-28", "publisher": "Little, Brown", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "439", "ISBN": "9780316192217", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The Blood Sugar Solution", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Google Books", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Health & Fitness / Diseases / Diabetes", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "7XVV3AGT" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-13T18:22:40Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-13T18:22:40Z" } }, { "key": "PATJCK55", "version": 168, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268753, "name": "The Wahls Protocol", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268753/items/PATJCK55", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol/items/PATJCK55", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268753/items/RKQAF8I8", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5982, "username": "beogl", "name": "Lennart Borgman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/beogl", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "PATJCK55", "version": 168, "parentItem": "RKQAF8I8", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Google Books Link", "accessDate": "2014-06-13T18:22:40Z", "url": "http://books.google.se/books?id=Go7P3iHN994C", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-13T18:22:40Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-13T18:22:40Z" } }, { "key": "MSSR5NQI", "version": 167, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268753, "name": "The Wahls Protocol", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268753/items/MSSR5NQI", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol/items/MSSR5NQI", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268753/items/V3CI24R7", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5982, "username": "beogl", "name": "Lennart Borgman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/beogl", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "MSSR5NQI", "version": 167, "parentItem": "V3CI24R7", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2014-06-13T18:19:42Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18198237", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-13T18:19:42Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-13T18:19:42Z" } }, { "key": "V3CI24R7", "version": 167, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268753, "name": "The Wahls Protocol", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268753/items/V3CI24R7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol/items/V3CI24R7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5982, "username": "beogl", "name": "Lennart Borgman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/beogl", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Sabayan et al.", "parsedDate": "2008-05", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "V3CI24R7", "version": 167, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Role of insulin metabolism disturbances in the development of Alzheimer disease: mini review", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Behnam", "lastName": "Sabayan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Farzaneh", "lastName": "Foroughinia" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Arash", "lastName": "Mowla" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Afshin", "lastName": "Borhanihaghighi" } ], "abstractNote": "Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Different pathogenic processes have been studied that underlie characteristic changes of AD, including A beta protein aggregation, tau phosphorylation, neurovascular dysfunction, and inflammatory processes. Insulin exerts pleiotropic effects in neurons, such as the regulation of neural proliferation, apoptosis, and synaptic transmission. In this setting, any disturbance in the metabolism of insulin in the central nervous system (CNS) may put unfavorable effects on CNS function. It seems that disturbances in insulin metabolism, especially insulin resistance, play a role in most pathogenic processes that promote the development of AD. In this article, the relationships of disturbances in the metabolism of insulin in CNS with A beta peptides aggregation, tau protein phosphorylation, inflammatory markers, neuron apoptosis, neurovascular dysfunction, and neurotransmitter modulation are discussed, and future research directions are provided.", "publicationTitle": "American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2008 Apr-May", "volume": "23", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "192-199", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen", "DOI": "10.1177/1533317507312623", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1533-3175", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Role of insulin metabolism disturbances in the development of Alzheimer disease", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 18198237", "tags": [ { "tag": "Alzheimer Disease", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Amyloid beta-Peptides", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Animals", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Brain", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Hypoglycemic Agents", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Insulin", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Insulin Resistance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Neurotransmitter Agents", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "tau Proteins", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "7XVV3AGT" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-13T18:19:42Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-13T18:19:42Z" } }, { "key": "DBR6RQI6", "version": 166, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268753, "name": "The Wahls Protocol", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268753/items/DBR6RQI6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol/items/DBR6RQI6", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268753/items/NEIEH2VP", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5982, "username": "beogl", "name": "Lennart Borgman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/beogl", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "DBR6RQI6", "version": 166, "parentItem": "NEIEH2VP", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2014-06-13T18:15:13Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21839654", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-13T18:15:13Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-13T18:15:13Z" } }, { "key": "NEIEH2VP", "version": 166, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268753, "name": "The Wahls Protocol", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268753/items/NEIEH2VP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/the_wahls_protocol/items/NEIEH2VP", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5982, "username": "beogl", "name": "Lennart Borgman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/beogl", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Zamboni et al.", "parsedDate": "2012-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "NEIEH2VP", "version": 166, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Venous angioplasty in patients with multiple sclerosis: results of a pilot study", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P", "lastName": "Zamboni" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R", "lastName": "Galeotti" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B", "lastName": "Weinstock-Guttman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C", "lastName": "Kennedy" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "F", "lastName": "Salvi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R", "lastName": "Zivadinov" } ], "abstractNote": "OBJECTIVES: Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). The objective of the study was to see if percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of duplex-detected lesions, of the internal jugular and/or azygous veins, was safe, burdened by a significant restenosis rate, and whether there was any evidence that treatment reduced MS disease activity.\nDESIGN: This was a case-control study.\nMATERIALS: We studied 15 patients with relapsing-remitting MS and duplex-detected CCSVI.\nMETHODS: Eight patients had PTA in addition to medical therapy (immediate treatment group (ITG)), whereas seven had treatment with PTA after 6 months of medical therapy alone (delayed treatment group (DTG)).\nRESULTS: No adverse events occurred. At 1 year, there was a restenosis rate of 27%. Overall, PTA was followed by a significant improvement in functional score compared with baseline (p < 0.02). The annualised relapse rate was 0.12% in the ITG compared with 0.66% in the DTG (p = NS). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) blindly demonstrates a trend for fewer T2 lesions in the ITG (p = 0.081), corresponding to a 10% decrease in the ITG compared with a 23% increase in the DTG over the first 6 months of the study.\nCONCLUSIONS: This study further confirms the safety of PTA treatment in patients with CCSVI associated with MS. The results, despite the significant rate of restenosis, are encouraging and warrant a larger multicentre double-blinded, randomised study.", "publicationTitle": "European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery: the official journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Jan 2012", "volume": "43", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "116-122", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg", "DOI": "10.1016/j.ejvs.2011.03.035", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1532-2165", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Venous angioplasty in patients with multiple sclerosis", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 21839654", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Angioplasty, Balloon", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Azygos Vein", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Case-Control Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Chronic Disease", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Constriction, Pathologic", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Evidence-Based Medicine", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Italy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Jugular Veins", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Magnetic Resonance Imaging", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Middle Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "New York", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Pilot Projects", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Recurrence", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Spinal Cord", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Time Factors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Treatment Outcome", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Vascular Diseases", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Venous Insufficiency", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Young Adult", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "3ENTCENE" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-13T18:15:13Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-13T18:15:13Z" } } ]