[ { "key": "2GRE2W4N", "version": 14, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268163, "name": "Planificacio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268163/items/2GRE2W4N", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio/items/2GRE2W4N", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268163/items/SBEI6HT3", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1695157, "username": "Salva Tormo Ripoll", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/salva_tormo_ripoll", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "2GRE2W4N", "version": 14, "parentItem": "SBEI6HT3", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2014-06-05T11:15:45Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23633165", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-05T11:15:45Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-05T11:15:45Z" } }, { "key": "SBEI6HT3", "version": 14, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268163, "name": "Planificacio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268163/items/SBEI6HT3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio/items/SBEI6HT3", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1695157, "username": "Salva Tormo Ripoll", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/salva_tormo_ripoll", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Issurin", "parsedDate": "2013-08", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "SBEI6HT3", "version": 14, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Training transfer: scientific background and insights for practical application", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Vladimir B", "lastName": "Issurin" } ], "abstractNote": "Training transfer as an enduring, multilateral, and practically important problem encompasses a large body of research findings and experience, which characterize the process by which improving performance in certain exercises/tasks can affect the performance in alternative exercises or motor tasks. This problem is of paramount importance for the theory of training and for all aspects of its application in practice. Ultimately, training transfer determines how useful or useless each given exercise is for the targeted athletic performance. The methodological background of training transfer encompasses basic concepts related to transfer modality, i.e., positive, neutral, and negative; the generalization of training responses and their persistence over time; factors affecting training transfer such as personality, motivation, social environment, etc. Training transfer in sport is clearly differentiated with regard to the enhancement of motor skills and the development of motor abilities. The studies of bilateral skill transfer have shown cross-transfer effects following one-limb training associated with neural adaptations at cortical, subcortical, spinal, and segmental levels. Implementation of advanced sport technologies such as motor imagery, biofeedback, and exercising in artificial environments can facilitate and reinforce training transfer from appropriate motor tasks to targeted athletic performance. Training transfer of motor abilities has been studied with regard to contralateral effects following one limb training, cross-transfer induced by arm or leg training, the impact of strength/power training on the preparedness of endurance athletes, and the impact of endurance workloads on strength/power performance. The extensive research findings characterizing the interactions of these workloads have shown positive transfer, or its absence, depending on whether the combinations conform to sport-specific demands and physiological adaptations. Finally, cross-training as a form of concurrent exercising in different athletic disciplines has been examined in reference to the enhancement of general fitness, the preparation of recreational athletes, and the preparation of athletes for multi-sport activities such as triathlon, duathlon, etc.", "publicationTitle": "Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Aug 2013", "volume": "43", "issue": "8", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "675-694", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Sports Med", "DOI": "10.1007/s40279-013-0049-6", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1179-2035", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Training transfer", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 23633165", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adaptation, Physiological", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Athletic Performance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Physical Fitness", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sports Medicine", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "A56W9M3X" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-05T11:15:45Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-05T11:15:45Z" } }, { "key": "U8MAIWNH", "version": 13, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268163, "name": "Planificacio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268163/items/U8MAIWNH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio/items/U8MAIWNH", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268163/items/2F6BXNWI", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1695157, "username": "Salva Tormo Ripoll", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/salva_tormo_ripoll", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "U8MAIWNH", "version": 13, "parentItem": "2F6BXNWI", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2014-06-05T11:04:44Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2917951", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-05T11:04:44Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-05T11:04:44Z" } }, { "key": "2F6BXNWI", "version": 13, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268163, "name": "Planificacio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268163/items/2F6BXNWI", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio/items/2F6BXNWI", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1695157, "username": "Salva Tormo Ripoll", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/salva_tormo_ripoll", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Fitts et al.", "parsedDate": "1989-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "2F6BXNWI", "version": 13, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Effect of swim exercise training on human muscle fiber function", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R H", "lastName": "Fitts" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D L", "lastName": "Costill" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P R", "lastName": "Gardetto" } ], "abstractNote": "This study examined the effect of a typical collegiate swim-training program and an intensified 10-day training period on the peak tension (Po), negative log molar Ca2+ concentration (pCa)-force, and maximal shortening speed (Vmax) of the slow-twitch type I and fast-twitch type II fibers of the deltoid muscle. Over a 10-wk period, the swimmers averaged 4,266 +/- 264 m/day swimming intermittent bouts of front crawl, kicking, or pulling. The training program induced an almost twofold increase in the mitochondrial marker enzyme citrate synthase. Po of the single fibers was not altered by either the training or 10-day intensive training programs, and no significant differences were observed in the Po (kg/cm2) of type I compared with the type II fibers. The type II fiber diameters were significantly larger than the type I fibers (94 +/- 4 vs. 80 +/- 2 microns), and although fiber diameters were unaffected by the training, the 10-day intensive training significantly reduced the type II fiber diameter. The type I fibers from the trained swimmers showed pCa-force curves shifted to the right such that higher free Ca2+ levels were required to elicit a given percent of Po (for values less than 0.5 Po). The activation threshold (pCa) for the onset of tension and the pCa required to elicit one-half maximal tension were not altered by the training in either fiber type. Fiber Vmax (measured by the slack test) was fivefold higher in type II compared with type I fibers (4.85 +/- 0.50 vs. 0.86 +/- 0.04 fiber lengths/s). The exercise-training program significantly increased and decreased the Vmax of the slow and fast fibers, respectively. The 10 days of intensified training produced a further significant decrease in the Vmax of the type II fibers. After a period of detraining, the Vmax of both fiber types returned to the control level. The force-velocity relation was not significantly altered in either fiber type by the swim training; however, the intensified training significantly depressed the velocity of the type II fiber at all loads studied. The Vmax changes with exercise training are likely explained by an exercise-induced expression of fast myosin in slow fibers and slow myosin in fast fibers.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md.: 1985)", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Jan 1989", "volume": "66", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "465-475", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J. Appl. Physiol.", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "8750-7587", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 2917951", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Muscle Contraction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Muscles", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Physical Education and Training", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Swimming", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "A56W9M3X" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-05T11:04:44Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-05T11:04:44Z" } }, { "key": "W5N6P57Z", "version": 12, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268163, "name": "Planificacio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268163/items/W5N6P57Z", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio/items/W5N6P57Z", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268163/items/D8WUETN8", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1695157, "username": "Salva Tormo Ripoll", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/salva_tormo_ripoll", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "W5N6P57Z", "version": 12, "parentItem": "D8WUETN8", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2014-06-05T11:04:25Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17190535", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-05T11:04:25Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-05T11:04:25Z" } }, { "key": "D8WUETN8", "version": 12, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268163, "name": "Planificacio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268163/items/D8WUETN8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio/items/D8WUETN8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1695157, "username": "Salva Tormo Ripoll", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/salva_tormo_ripoll", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Elliott et al.", "parsedDate": "2007", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "D8WUETN8", "version": 12, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Power athletes and distance training: physiological and biomechanical rationale for change", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marcus C C W", "lastName": "Elliott" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Phillip P", "lastName": "Wagner" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Loren", "lastName": "Chiu" } ], "abstractNote": "The development of power lies at the foundation of all movement, especially athletic performance. Unfortunately, training programmes of athletes often seek to improve cardiovascular endurance through activities such as distance training that are detrimental for the performance of power athletes, rather than using other means of exercise. Performance decrements from continuous aerobic training can be a result of inappropriate neuromuscular adaptations, a catabolic hormonal profile, an increased risk for overtraining and an ineffective motor learning environment. However, long, sustained exercise continues to be employed at all levels of competition to obtain benefits that could be achieved more effectively through other forms of conditioning. While some advantageous effects of endurance training may occur, there are unequivocal drawbacks to distance training in the power athlete. There are many other types of conditioning that are more relevant to all anaerobic sports and will also avoid the negative consequences associated with distance training.", "publicationTitle": "Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2007", "volume": "37", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "47-57", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Sports Med", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0112-1642", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Power athletes and distance training", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 17190535", "tags": [ { "tag": "Biomechanical Phenomena", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Exercise", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Physical Fitness", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "United States", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "A56W9M3X" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-05T11:04:25Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-05T11:04:25Z" } }, { "key": "TAR2K7P7", "version": 11, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268163, "name": "Planificacio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268163/items/TAR2K7P7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio/items/TAR2K7P7", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268163/items/DU2P6HDA", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1695157, "username": "Salva Tormo Ripoll", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/salva_tormo_ripoll", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "TAR2K7P7", "version": 11, "parentItem": "DU2P6HDA", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2014-06-05T11:04:00Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21833484", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-05T11:04:00Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-05T11:04:00Z" } }, { "key": "DU2P6HDA", "version": 11, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268163, "name": "Planificacio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268163/items/DU2P6HDA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio/items/DU2P6HDA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1695157, "username": "Salva Tormo Ripoll", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/salva_tormo_ripoll", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Rønnestad et al.", "parsedDate": "2012-04", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "DU2P6HDA", "version": 11, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "High volume of endurance training impairs adaptations to 12 weeks of strength training in well-trained endurance athletes", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bent R", "lastName": "Rønnestad" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ernst Albin", "lastName": "Hansen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Truls", "lastName": "Raastad" } ], "abstractNote": "The purpose of the present study was to compare the effect of 12 weeks of strength training combined with a large volume of endurance training with the effect of strength training alone on the strength training adaptations. Well-trained cyclists with no strength training experience performed heavy strength training twice a week in addition to a high volume of endurance training during a 12-week preparatory period (S + E; n = 11). A group of non-strength trained individuals performed the same strength training as S + E, but without added endurance training (S; n = 7). Thigh muscle cross-sectional area, 1 repetition maximum (1RM) in leg exercises, squat jump performance, and peak rate of force development (RFD) were measured. Following the intervention period, both S + E and S increased 1RM strength, thigh muscle cross-sectional area, and squat jump performance (p < 0.05), and the relative improvements in S were greater than in S + E (p < 0.05). S increased peak RFD while S + E did not, and this improvement was greater than in S + E (p < 0.05). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first controlled study to demonstrate that the strength training response on muscle hypertrophy, 1RM strength, squat jump performance, and peak RFD is attenuated in well-trained endurance athletes during a period of concurrent endurance training.", "publicationTitle": "European journal of applied physiology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Apr 2012", "volume": "112", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1457-1466", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Eur. J. Appl. Physiol.", "DOI": "10.1007/s00421-011-2112-z", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1439-6327", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 21833484", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adaptation, Physiological", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Bicycling", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Hypertrophy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Magnetic Resonance Imaging", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Muscle Contraction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Muscle, Skeletal", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Norway", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Physical Endurance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Resistance Training", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Time Factors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Weight Gain", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "A56W9M3X" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-05T11:04:00Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-05T11:04:00Z" } }, { "key": "5AJMG44I", "version": 10, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268163, "name": "Planificacio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268163/items/5AJMG44I", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio/items/5AJMG44I", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1695157, "username": "Salva Tormo Ripoll", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/salva_tormo_ripoll", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Putman et al.", "parsedDate": "2004-08", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "5AJMG44I", "version": 10, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Effects of strength, endurance and combined training on myosin heavy chain content and fibre-type distribution in humans", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Charles T", "lastName": "Putman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Xinhao", "lastName": "Xu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ellen", "lastName": "Gillies" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ian M", "lastName": "MacLean" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gordon J", "lastName": "Bell" } ], "abstractNote": "This study investigated the effect of strength training, endurance training, and combined strength plus endurance training on fibre-type transitions, fibre cross-sectional area (CSA) and MHC isoform content of the vastus lateralis muscle. Forty volunteers (24 males and 16 females) were randomly assigned to one of four groups: control (C), endurance training (E), strength training (S), or concurrent strength and endurance training (SE). The S and E groups each trained three times a week for 12 weeks; the SE group performed the same S and E training on alternate days. The development of knee extensor muscle strength was S>SE>E ( P<0.05) and has been reported elsewhere. The reduction in knee extensor strength development in SE as compared to S corresponded to a 6% increase in MHCIIa content ( P<0.05) in SE at the expense of the faster MHCIId(x) isoform ( P<0.05), as determined by electrophoretic analyses; reductions in MHCIId/x content after S or E training were attenuated by comparison. Both S and SE induced three- to fourfold reductions ( P<0.05) in the proportion of type IIA/IID(X) hybrid fibres. S also induced fourfold increases in the proportion of type I/IIA hybrid fibres within both genders, and in a population of fibres expressing a type I/IID(X) hybrid phenotype within the male subjects. Type I/IIA hybrid fibres were not detected after SE. Both S and SE training paradigms induced similar increases (16-19%, P<0.05) in the CSA of type IIA fibres. In contrast, the increase in CSA of type I fibres was 2.9-fold greater ( P<0.05) in S as compared to SE after 12 weeks. We conclude that the interference of knee extensor strength development in SE versus S was related to greater fast-to-slow fibre-type transitions and attenuated hypertrophy of type I fibres. Data are given as mean (SEM) unless otherwise stated.", "publicationTitle": "European journal of applied physiology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Aug 2004", "volume": "92", "issue": "4-5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "376-384", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Eur. J. Appl. Physiol.", "DOI": "10.1007/s00421-004-1104-7", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1439-6319", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 15241691", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Electrophoresis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Exercise Test", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Immunohistochemistry", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Isomerism", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Lower Extremity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Muscle, Skeletal", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Myosin Heavy Chains", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Physical Endurance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Physical Fitness", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "A56W9M3X" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-05T11:03:39Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-05T11:03:39Z" } }, { "key": "G6CER4PS", "version": 10, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268163, "name": "Planificacio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268163/items/G6CER4PS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio/items/G6CER4PS", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268163/items/5AJMG44I", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1695157, "username": "Salva Tormo Ripoll", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/salva_tormo_ripoll", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "G6CER4PS", "version": 10, "parentItem": "5AJMG44I", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2014-06-05T11:03:39Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15241691", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-05T11:03:39Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-05T11:03:39Z" } }, { "key": "7RAABTPN", "version": 9, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268163, "name": "Planificacio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268163/items/7RAABTPN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio/items/7RAABTPN", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268163/items/VXC9JWHG", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1695157, "username": "Salva Tormo Ripoll", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/salva_tormo_ripoll", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "7RAABTPN", "version": 9, "parentItem": "VXC9JWHG", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2014-06-05T11:03:16Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37209", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-05T11:03:16Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-05T11:03:16Z" } }, { "key": "VXC9JWHG", "version": 9, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268163, "name": "Planificacio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268163/items/VXC9JWHG", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio/items/VXC9JWHG", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1695157, "username": "Salva Tormo Ripoll", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/salva_tormo_ripoll", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Costill et al.", "parsedDate": "1979-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "VXC9JWHG", "version": 9, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Adaptations in skeletal muscle following strength training", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D L", "lastName": "Costill" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E F", "lastName": "Coyle" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "W F", "lastName": "Fink" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G R", "lastName": "Lesmes" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "F A", "lastName": "Witzmann" } ], "abstractNote": "Five men were studied before and after 7 wk of isokinetic strength training to determine its effects on muscle enzyme activities and fiber composition. One of the subject's legs was trained using 10 repeated 6-s maximal work bouts, while the other leg performed repeated 30-s maximal knee extension exercise. The total work accomplished by each leg was constant. Training 4 times/wk achieved similar gains in peak torque for both legs at the training velocity (3.14 rad/s) and at slower speeds. Fatigability of the knee extensor muscles, as measured by a 60-s exercise test, was similar in both legs after training. Biopsy specimens showed significant changes in the % of the muscle area composed of type I and IIa fibers as a result of both strength training programs. In terms of muscle enzymes, only the 30 s exercise program resulted in elevated glycolytic, ATP-CP and mitochondrial activities. Despite these changes, none of the parameters measured were found to be related to the gains in either muscle strength or fatigability during maximal isokinetic contractions.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of applied physiology: respiratory, environmental and exercise physiology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Jan 1979", "volume": "46", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "96-99", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0161-7567", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 37209", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adaptation, Physiological", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adenosine Triphosphate", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Creatine Kinase", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fatigue", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Glycogen", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Glycolysis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Muscle Contraction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Muscles", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Physical Exertion", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "A56W9M3X" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-05T11:03:16Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-05T11:03:16Z" } }, { "key": "GGV64MKZ", "version": 8, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268163, "name": "Planificacio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268163/items/GGV64MKZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio/items/GGV64MKZ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1695157, "username": "Salva Tormo Ripoll", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/salva_tormo_ripoll", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Dudley and Djamil", "parsedDate": "1985-11", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "GGV64MKZ", "version": 8, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Incompatibility of endurance- and strength-training modes of exercise", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G A", "lastName": "Dudley" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R", "lastName": "Djamil" } ], "abstractNote": "Twenty-two male and female subjects trained for 7 wk for endurance (group E), for strength (group IS), or for both strength and endurance (group C) to evaluate the effect of concurrent performance of both modes of training on the in vivo force-velocity relationship of human muscle and on aerobic power. Endurance training consisted of five 5-min sessions three times a week on cycle ergometer with a work load that approached the subject's peak cycle-ergometer O2 uptake (peak CE VO2). Strength training consisted of two 30-s sets of maximal knee extensions per day performed on an isokinetic dynamometer three times a week at a velocity of 4.19 rad X s-1. Group C performed the same training as groups IS and E, alternating days of strength and endurance training. Subjects (groups C and IS) were tested pre- and posttraining for maximal knee-extension torque at a specific joint angle (0.52 rad below horizontal) for seven specific angular velocities (0, 0.84, 1.68, 2.81, 3.35, 4.19, and 5.03 rad X s-1). Groups C and E were tested for peak CE VO2 pretraining, at 14-day intervals, and posttraining. Group IS showed significant increases in angle-specific maximal torque at velocities up to and including the training speed (4.19 rad X s-1). Group C showed increases (P less than 0.05) at velocities of 0, 0.84, and 1.68 rad X s-1 only. Peak CE VO2, when expressed in relative or absolute terms, increased (P less than 0.05) approximately 18% for both groups E and C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)", "publicationTitle": "Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md.: 1985)", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Nov 1985", "volume": "59", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1446-1451", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J. Appl. Physiol.", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "8750-7587", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 4066574", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Exercise Test", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Isometric Contraction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Muscle Contraction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Oxygen Consumption", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Physical Education and Training", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Physical Exertion", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "A56W9M3X" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-05T11:02:54Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-05T11:02:54Z" } }, { "key": "Z9CKN67V", "version": 8, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268163, "name": "Planificacio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268163/items/Z9CKN67V", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio/items/Z9CKN67V", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268163/items/GGV64MKZ", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1695157, "username": "Salva Tormo Ripoll", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/salva_tormo_ripoll", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "Z9CKN67V", "version": 8, "parentItem": "GGV64MKZ", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2014-06-05T11:02:54Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4066574", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-05T11:02:54Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-05T11:02:54Z" } }, { "key": "4DQP9IHR", "version": 7, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268163, "name": "Planificacio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268163/items/4DQP9IHR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio/items/4DQP9IHR", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268163/items/SI4H9C7W", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1695157, "username": "Salva Tormo Ripoll", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/salva_tormo_ripoll", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "4DQP9IHR", "version": 7, "parentItem": "SI4H9C7W", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2014-06-05T11:02:36Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7193134", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-05T11:02:36Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-05T11:02:36Z" } }, { "key": "SI4H9C7W", "version": 7, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268163, "name": "Planificacio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268163/items/SI4H9C7W", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio/items/SI4H9C7W", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1695157, "username": "Salva Tormo Ripoll", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/salva_tormo_ripoll", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hickson", "parsedDate": "1980", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "SI4H9C7W", "version": 7, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Interference of strength development by simultaneously training for strength and endurance", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R C", "lastName": "Hickson" } ], "abstractNote": "The purpose of this study was to determine how individuals adapt to a combination of strength and endurance training as compared to the adaptations produced by either strength or endurance training separately. There were three exercise groups: a strength group (S) that exercised 30--40 min . day-1, 5 days . week-1, and endurance group (E) that exercised 40 min . day-1, 6 days . week-1; and an S and E group that performed the same daily exercise regimens as the S and E groups. After 10 weeks of training, VO2max increased approx. 25% when measured during bicycle exercise and 20% when measured during treadmill exercise in both E, and S and E groups. No increase in VO2max was observed in the S group. There was a consistent rate of development of leg-strength by the S group throughout the training, whereas the E group did not show any appreciable gains in strength. The rate of strength improvement by the S and E group was similar to the S group for the first 7 weeks of training, but subsequently leveled off and declined during the 9th and 10th weeks. These findings demonstrate that simultaneously training for S and E will result in a reduced capacity to develop strength, but will not affect the magnitude of increase in VO2max.", "publicationTitle": "European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1980", "volume": "45", "issue": "2-3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "255-263", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0301-5548", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 7193134", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adaptation, Physiological", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adolescent", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Body Weight", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Oxygen Consumption", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Physical Education and Training", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Physical Endurance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Skinfold Thickness", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Weight Lifting", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "A56W9M3X" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-05T11:02:36Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-05T11:02:36Z" } }, { "key": "85Z9ZN6S", "version": 6, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268163, "name": "Planificacio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268163/items/85Z9ZN6S", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio/items/85Z9ZN6S", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268163/items/8U4CIHHC", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1695157, "username": "Salva Tormo Ripoll", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/salva_tormo_ripoll", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "85Z9ZN6S", "version": 6, "parentItem": "8U4CIHHC", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2014-06-05T11:00:54Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2312468", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-05T11:00:54Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-05T11:00:54Z" } }, { "key": "8U4CIHHC", "version": 6, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268163, "name": "Planificacio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268163/items/8U4CIHHC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio/items/8U4CIHHC", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1695157, "username": "Salva Tormo Ripoll", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/salva_tormo_ripoll", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Sale et al.", "parsedDate": "1990-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "8U4CIHHC", "version": 6, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Interaction between concurrent strength and endurance training", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D G", "lastName": "Sale" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J D", "lastName": "MacDougall" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "I", "lastName": "Jacobs" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S", "lastName": "Garner" } ], "abstractNote": "To assess the effects of concurrent strength (S) and endurance (E) training on S and E development, one group (4 young men and 4 young women) trained one leg for S and the other leg for S and E (S+E). A second group (4 men, 4 women) trained one leg for E and the other leg for E and S (E+S). E training consisted of five 3-min bouts on a cycle ergometer at a power output corresponding to that requiring 90-100% of oxygen uptake during maximal exercise (VO2 max). S training consisted of six sets of 15-20 repetitions with the heaviest possible weight on a leg press (combined hip and knee extension) weight machine. Training was done 3 days/wk for 22 wk. Needle biopsy samples from vastus lateralis were taken before and after training and were examined for histochemical, biochemical, and ultrastructural adaptations. The nominal S and E training programs were \"hybrids\", having more similarities as training stimuli than differences; thus S made increases (P less than 0.05) similar to those of S+E in E-related measures of VO2max (S, S+E: 8%, 8%), repetitions with the pretraining maximal single leg press lift [1 repetition maximum (RM)] (27%, 24%), and percent of slow-twitch fibers (15%, 8%); and S made significant, although smaller, increases in repetitions with 80% 1 RM (81%, 152%) and citrate synthase (CS) activity (22%, 51%). Similarly, E increased knee extensor area [computed tomography (CT) scans] as much as E+S (14%, 21%) and made significant, although smaller, increases in leg press 1 RM (20%, 34%) and thigh girth (3.4%, 4.8%). When a presumably stronger stimulus for an adaptation was added to a weaker one, some additive effects occurred (i.e., increases in 1 RM and thigh girth that were greater in E+S than E; increases in CS activity and repetitions with 80% 1 RM that were greater in S+E than S). When a weaker, although effective, stimulus was added to a stronger one, addition generally did not occur. Concurrent S and E training did not interfere with S or E development in comparison to S or E training alone.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md.: 1985)", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Jan 1990", "volume": "68", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "260-270", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J. Appl. Physiol.", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "8750-7587", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 2312468", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Biopsy, Needle", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Exercise", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Leg", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Muscles", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Physical Education and Training", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Physical Endurance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Thigh", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Tomography, X-Ray Computed", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "A56W9M3X" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-05T11:00:54Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-05T11:00:54Z" } }, { "key": "GVX52SNS", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268163, "name": "Planificacio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268163/items/GVX52SNS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio/items/GVX52SNS", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268163/items/SS9BTX87", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1695157, "username": "Salva Tormo Ripoll", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/salva_tormo_ripoll", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "GVX52SNS", "version": 5, "parentItem": "SS9BTX87", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2014-06-05T11:00:30Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12627304", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-05T11:00:30Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-05T11:00:30Z" } }, { "key": "SS9BTX87", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268163, "name": "Planificacio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268163/items/SS9BTX87", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio/items/SS9BTX87", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1695157, "username": "Salva Tormo Ripoll", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/salva_tormo_ripoll", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Häkkinen et al.", "parsedDate": "2003-03", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "SS9BTX87", "version": 5, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Neuromuscular adaptations during concurrent strength and endurance training versus strength training", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K", "lastName": "Häkkinen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M", "lastName": "Alen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "W J", "lastName": "Kraemer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E", "lastName": "Gorostiaga" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M", "lastName": "Izquierdo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H", "lastName": "Rusko" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J", "lastName": "Mikkola" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A", "lastName": "Häkkinen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H", "lastName": "Valkeinen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E", "lastName": "Kaarakainen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S", "lastName": "Romu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "V", "lastName": "Erola" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J", "lastName": "Ahtiainen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L", "lastName": "Paavolainen" } ], "abstractNote": "The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of concurrent strength and endurance training (SE) (2 plus 2 days a week) versus strength training only (S) (2 days a week) in men [SE: n=11; 38 (5) years, S: n=16; 37 (5) years] over a training period of 21 weeks. The resistance training program addressed both maximal and explosive strength components. EMG, maximal isometric force, 1 RM strength, and rate of force development (RFD) of the leg extensors, muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) of the quadriceps femoris (QF) throughout the lengths of 4/15-12/15 (L(f)) of the femur, muscle fibre proportion and areas of types I, IIa, and IIb of the vastus lateralis (VL), and maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2max)) were evaluated. No changes occurred in strength during the 1-week control period, while after the 21-week training period increases of 21% (p<0.001) and 22% (p<0.001), and of 22% (p<0.001) and 21% (p<0.001) took place in the 1RM load and maximal isometric force in S and SE, respectively. Increases of 26% (p<0.05) and 29% (p<0.001) occurred in the maximum iEMG of the VL in S and SE, respectively. The CSA of the QF increased throughout the length of the QF (from 4/15 to 12/15 L(f)) both in S (p<0.05-0.001) and SE (p<0.01-0.001). The mean fibre areas of types I, IIa and IIb increased after the training both in S (p<0.05 and 0.01) and SE (p<0.05 and p<0.01). S showed an increase in RFD (p<0.01), while no change occurred in SE. The average iEMG of the VL during the first 500 ms of the rapid isometric action increased (p<0.05-0.001) only in S. VO(2max) increased by 18.5% (p<0.001) in SE. The present data do not support the concept of the universal nature of the interference effect in strength development and muscle hypertrophy when strength training is performed concurrently with endurance training, and the training volume is diluted by a longer period of time with a low frequency of training. However, the present results suggest that even the low-frequency concurrent strength and endurance training leads to interference in explosive strength development mediated in part by the limitations of rapid voluntary neural activation of the trained muscles.", "publicationTitle": "European journal of applied physiology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Mar 2003", "volume": "89", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "42-52", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Eur. J. Appl. Physiol.", "DOI": "10.1007/s00421-002-0751-9", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1439-6319", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 12627304", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adaptation, Physiological", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Exercise", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Isometric Contraction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Knee Joint", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Muscle Fibers, Skeletal", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Muscle, Skeletal", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Oxygen Consumption", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Physical Education and Training", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Physical Endurance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Physical Fitness", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Stress, Mechanical", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Volition", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "A56W9M3X" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-05T11:00:30Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-05T11:00:30Z" } }, { "key": "HIP2GW7T", "version": 4, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268163, "name": "Planificacio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268163/items/HIP2GW7T", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio/items/HIP2GW7T", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268163/items/MNBU2S9B", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1695157, "username": "Salva Tormo Ripoll", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/salva_tormo_ripoll", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "HIP2GW7T", "version": 4, "parentItem": "MNBU2S9B", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2014-06-05T10:59:52Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2333326", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-05T10:59:52Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-05T10:59:52Z" } }, { "key": "MNBU2S9B", "version": 4, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268163, "name": "Planificacio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268163/items/MNBU2S9B", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio/items/MNBU2S9B", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1695157, "username": "Salva Tormo Ripoll", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/salva_tormo_ripoll", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Nelson et al.", "parsedDate": "1990-05", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "MNBU2S9B", "version": 4, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Consequences of combining strength and endurance training regimens", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A G", "lastName": "Nelson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D A", "lastName": "Arnall" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S F", "lastName": "Loy" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L J", "lastName": "Silvester" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R K", "lastName": "Conlee" } ], "abstractNote": "A common belief among many clinicians and trainers is that intensive simultaneous training for muscle strength and cardiovascular endurance is counterproductive. To test this premise, 14 healthy, untrained men trained four days per week for 20 weeks on a bicycle ergometer for endurance (END Group, n = 4), on an isokinetic device for increased torque production (ITP Group, n = 5), or on both devices (COMBO Group, n = 5). The ITP and COMBO groups had equal torque gains throughout the study (234 +/- 45 and 232 +/- 23 N.m, respectively). After 11 weeks, both END and COMBO groups had similar gains in maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) (in milliliters per kilogram of body weight per minute). During the last half of the study, however, the END Group had a significant gain in VO2max (p less than .05) of 4.7 +/- 1.2 mL.kg-1.min-1, whereas the COMBO Group had a nonsignificant gain (p greater than .05) of 1.8 +/- 0.6 mL.kg-1.min-1. In harmony with this finding, the END Group showed a significant increase (p less than .05) in citrate synthase activity (15.5 +/- 7.9 mumol.g-1.min-1), whereas the COMBO Group had no significant increase. The authors concluded that simultaneous training may inhibit the normal adaptation to either training program when performed alone. The extent of the interference probably depends on the nature and intensity of the individual training program. [Nelson AG, Arnall DA, Loy SF, et al: Consequences of combining strength and endurance training regimens.", "publicationTitle": "Physical therapy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 1990", "volume": "70", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "287-294", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Phys Ther", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0031-9023", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 2333326", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adenylate Kinase", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Body Composition", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Body Weight", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Citrate (si)-Synthase", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Energy Metabolism", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Exercise", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Exercise Test", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Heart Rate", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Muscles", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Oxygen Consumption", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Physical Education and Training", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Physical Endurance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Weight Lifting", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "A56W9M3X" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-05T10:59:52Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-05T10:59:52Z" } }, { "key": "34J6MXEP", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268163, "name": "Planificacio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268163/items/34J6MXEP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio/items/34J6MXEP", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268163/items/3D3JT4BG", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1695157, "username": "Salva Tormo Ripoll", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/salva_tormo_ripoll", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "34J6MXEP", "version": 3, "parentItem": "3D3JT4BG", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2014-06-05T10:58:40Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7775344", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-05T10:58:40Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-05T10:58:40Z" } }, { "key": "3D3JT4BG", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 268163, "name": "Planificacio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/268163/items/3D3JT4BG", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/planificacio/items/3D3JT4BG", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1695157, "username": "Salva Tormo Ripoll", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/salva_tormo_ripoll", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kraemer et al.", "parsedDate": "1995-03", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "3D3JT4BG", "version": 3, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Compatibility of high-intensity strength and endurance training on hormonal and skeletal muscle adaptations", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "W J", "lastName": "Kraemer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J F", "lastName": "Patton" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S E", "lastName": "Gordon" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E A", "lastName": "Harman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M R", "lastName": "Deschenes" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K", "lastName": "Reynolds" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R U", "lastName": "Newton" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "N T", "lastName": "Triplett" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J E", "lastName": "Dziados" } ], "abstractNote": "Thirty-five healthy men were matched and randomly assigned to one of four training groups that performed high-intensity strength and endurance training (C; n = 9), upper body only high-intensity strength and endurance training (UC; n = 9), high-intensity endurance training (E; n = 8), or high-intensity strength training (ST; n = 9). The C and ST groups significantly increased one-repetition maximum strength for all exercises (P < 0.05). Only the C, UC, and E groups demonstrated significant increases in treadmill maximal oxygen consumption. The ST group showed significant increases in power output. Hormonal responses to treadmill exercise demonstrated a differential response to the different training programs, indicating that the underlying physiological milieu differed with the training program. Significant changes in muscle fiber areas were as follows: types I, IIa, and IIc increased in the ST group; types I and IIc decreased in the E group; type IIa increased in the C group; and there were no changes in the UC group. Significant shifts in percentage from type IIb to type IIa were observed in all training groups, with the greatest shift in the groups in which resistance trained the thigh musculature. This investigation indicates that the combination of strength and endurance training results in an attenuation of the performance improvements and physiological adaptations typical of single-mode training.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md.: 1985)", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Mar 1995", "volume": "78", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "976-989", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J. Appl. Physiol.", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "8750-7587", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 7775344", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adaptation, Physiological", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Anaerobiosis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Histocytochemistry", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Hydrocortisone", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Muscle Fibers, Skeletal", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Muscle, Skeletal", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Oxygen Consumption", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Physical Education and Training", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Physical Endurance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Testosterone", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "A56W9M3X" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-05T10:58:40Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-05T10:58:40Z" } } ]