[ { "key": "P75N8Z2W", "version": 11, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 264679, "name": "Gasifier energy balance", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gasifier_energy_balance", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/264679/items/P75N8Z2W", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gasifier_energy_balance/items/P75N8Z2W", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Simone et al.", "parsedDate": "2012-07", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "P75N8Z2W", "version": 11, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Gasification of pelletized biomass in a pilot scale downdraft gasifier", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marco", "lastName": "Simone" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Federica", "lastName": "Barontini" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Cristiano", "lastName": "Nicolella" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Leonardo", "lastName": "Tognotti" } ], "abstractNote": "This work presents a pilot-scale investigation aimed at assessing the feasibility and reliability of biomass pellet gasification. Wood sawdust and sunflower seeds pellets were tested in a 200 kW downdraft gasifier operating with air as gasifying agent. The gasification of pelletized biomass led to rather high and unstable pressure drops, reducing the gasifier productivity and stability. Furthermore the generation of fine residues compromised the operation of wet ash removal systems. On the other hand, good syngas compositions (H2 17.2%, N2 46.0%, CH4 2.5%, CO 21.2%, CO2 12.6%, and C2H4 0.4%), specific gas production (2.2–2.4 N m3 kg−1) and cold gas efficiency (67.7–70.0%) were achieved. For these reasons pelletized biomass should be considered only as complementary fuel in co-gasification with other feedstock.", "publicationTitle": "Bioresource Technology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "July 2012", "volume": "116", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "403-412", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Bioresource Technology", "DOI": "10.1016/j.biortech.2012.03.119", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960852412005834", "accessDate": "2014-05-14T22:23:35Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0960-8524", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Biomass pellets", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Gasification", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Pilot plant", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Pressure drop", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Syngas", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-05-14T22:23:35Z", "dateModified": "2014-05-14T22:23:35Z" } }, { "key": "VP5JD5T2", "version": 10, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 264679, "name": "Gasifier energy balance", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gasifier_energy_balance", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/264679/items/VP5JD5T2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gasifier_energy_balance/items/VP5JD5T2", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Moreno and Dufour", "parsedDate": "2013-06-18", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "VP5JD5T2", "version": 10, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Life cycle assessment of hydrogen production from biomass gasification. Evaluation of different Spanish feedstocks", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Moreno" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Dufour" } ], "abstractNote": "Gasification of biomass can be used for obtaining hydrogen reducing the total greenhouse gases emissions due the fixation of CO2 during photosynthetic processes. The kind of raw materials is an important variable since has a great influence on the energy balance and environmental impacts. Wastes from forestry are considered as the most appropriate raw materials since they do not compete for land. The aim of this work is to determine the environmental feasibility of four Spanish lignocellulosic wastes (vine and almond pruning and forest waste coming from pine and eucalyptus plantation) for the production of hydrogen through gasification. LCA methodology was applied using global warming potential, acidification, eutrophication and the gross energy necessary for the production of 1 Nm3 of hydrogen as impact categories. As expected, the use of biomass instead of natural gas leads to the reduction of CO2 emissions. Regarding to the different feedstocks, biomass coming from forestry is more environmental-friendly since does not need cropping procedures. Finally, the distribution of environmental charges between pruning wastes and fruits (grape and almond) and the use of obtained by-products have a great influence, reducing the environmental impacts.", "publicationTitle": "International Journal of Hydrogen Energy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "June 18, 2013", "volume": "38", "issue": "18", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "7616-7622", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "International Journal of Hydrogen Energy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.11.076", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360319912025657", "accessDate": "2014-05-14T22:09:23Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0360-3199", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Biomass", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Gasification", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Hydrogen", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Life cycle assessment", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-05-14T22:09:23Z", "dateModified": "2014-05-14T22:09:23Z" } }, { "key": "Z2WVBMEK", "version": 9, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 264679, "name": "Gasifier energy balance", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gasifier_energy_balance", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/264679/items/Z2WVBMEK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gasifier_energy_balance/items/Z2WVBMEK", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Burnley et al.", "parsedDate": "2011-09", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "Z2WVBMEK", "version": 9, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Energy implications of the thermal recovery of biodegradable municipal waste materials in the United Kingdom", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stephen", "lastName": "Burnley" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rhiannon", "lastName": "Phillips" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Terry", "lastName": "Coleman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Terence", "lastName": "Rampling" } ], "abstractNote": "Waste management policies and legislation in many developed countries call for a reduction in the quantity of biodegradable waste landfilled. Anaerobic digestion, combustion and gasification are options for managing biodegradable waste while generating renewable energy. However, very little research has been carried to establish the overall energy balance of the collection, preparation and energy recovery processes for different types of wastes. Without this information, it is impossible to determine the optimum method for managing a particular waste to recover renewable energy.\nIn this study, energy balances were carried out for the thermal processing of food waste, garden waste, wood, waste paper and the non-recyclable fraction of municipal waste. For all of these wastes, combustion in dedicated facilities or incineration with the municipal waste stream was the most energy-advantageous option. However, we identified a lack of reliable information on the energy consumed in collecting individual wastes and preparing the wastes for thermal processing. There was also little reliable information on the performance and efficiency of anaerobic digestion and gasification facilities for waste.", "publicationTitle": "Waste Management", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "September 2011", "volume": "31", "issue": "9–10", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1949-1959", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Waste Management", "DOI": "10.1016/j.wasman.2011.04.015", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956053X11002133", "accessDate": "2014-05-14T19:53:07Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0956-053X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Anaerobic digestion", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Biodegradable waste", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Energy recovery", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Gasification", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Incineration", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Municipal waste", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Renewable energy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "energy balance", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-05-14T19:53:07Z", "dateModified": "2014-05-14T19:53:07Z" } }, { "key": "M9JQ8QR7", "version": 8, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 264679, "name": "Gasifier energy balance", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gasifier_energy_balance", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/264679/items/M9JQ8QR7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gasifier_energy_balance/items/M9JQ8QR7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Van Rens et al.", "parsedDate": "2011-10", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "M9JQ8QR7", "version": 8, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Performance and exergy analysis of biomass-to-fuel plants producing methanol, dimethylether or hydrogen", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G. L. M. A.", "lastName": "Van Rens" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G. H.", "lastName": "Huisman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H.", "lastName": "De Lathouder" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. L.", "lastName": "Cornelissen" } ], "abstractNote": "A desktop study has been performed to analyse the performance of biomass-to-fuel plants producing methanol, dimethylether (DME) or hydrogen. Two different designs have been made. One design based on the technology of today and one design based on the technology of tomorrow. Mass and energy balances are presented for both designs producing all three fuels. Biomass-to-fuel conversion efficiencies (LHV) of the plants range between 45 and 56% for hydrogen and DME production respectively in the present-day design and between 56 and 69% for hydrogen and methanol production respectively for the near-future design. Biomass-to-fuel conversion efficiency to DME is only marginally smaller than biomass-to-fuel conversion efficiency of methanol. Expression of efficiency of the biomass-to-fuel plant in biomass-to-fuel conversion efficiency does not include electrical power consumption and district heat generation. Exergy also includes the quality of the energy that is consumed or generated. Therefore exergetic efficiency should be used to express process efficiency. Methanol production using the technology of tomorrow is most efficient with exergetic efficiency of 55%. The least efficient is hydrogen production with exergetic efficiency of 40% and 45%, for present-day and near-future design, respectively. This is caused by the large purge stream in the plant design. The use of new technologies developed within the CHRISGAS project give an increase of 5–8% points in exergetic efficiency.", "publicationTitle": "Biomass and Bioenergy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "October 2011", "volume": "35, Supplement 1", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "S145-S154", "series": "CHRISGAS", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Biomass and Bioenergy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.05.020", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0961953411002960", "accessDate": "2014-05-14T19:36:41Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0961-9534", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Balance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Biofuel", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Biomass", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Efficiency", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Energy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Exergy", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-05-14T19:36:41Z", "dateModified": "2014-05-14T19:36:41Z" } }, { "key": "FG8886CQ", "version": 7, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 264679, "name": "Gasifier energy balance", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gasifier_energy_balance", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/264679/items/FG8886CQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gasifier_energy_balance/items/FG8886CQ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lysenko et al.", "parsedDate": "2012-10", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "FG8886CQ", "version": 7, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Comparison of mass and energy balances for air blown and thermally ballasted fluidized bed gasifiers", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Steve", "lastName": "Lysenko" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Samy", "lastName": "Sadaka" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robert C.", "lastName": "Brown" } ], "abstractNote": "The objective of this study was to compare the mass and energy balances for a conventional air blown fluidized bed gasifier and a ballasted fluidized bed gasifier developed at Iowa State University. The ballasted gasifier is an indirectly heated gasifier that uses a single reactor for both combustion and pyrolysis. Heat accumulated in high-temperature phase change material during the combustion phase is released during the pyrolysis phase to generate producer gas. Gas composition, tar and char contents, cold gas efficiency, carbon conversion, and hydrogen yield per unit biomass input were determined as part of these evaluation. During the pyrolysis phase of ballasted gasification, higher volumetric concentrations of hydrogen and methane were obtained than during air blown gasification. Hydrogen yield for ballasted gasification was 14 g kg−1 of biomass, which was about 20% higher than that obtained during air blown gasification. The higher heating value of the producer gas also reached higher levels during the ballasted pyrolysis phase than that of air blown gasification. Heating value for air blown gasification was 5.2 MJ m−3 whereas the heating value for the ballasted pyrolysis phase averaged 5.5 MJ m−3, reaching a maximum of 8.0 MJ m−3. The ballasted gasifier was expected to yield producer gas with average heating value as high as 15 MJ m−3 but excessive use of nitrogen to purge and cool the fuel feeder system greatly diluted the producer gas. Relatively simple redesign of the feeder system would greatly reduce the use of purge gas and may increase the heating values to about 17.5 MJ m−3. Higher char production per kilogram of biomass was associated with the ballasted system, producing 140 g kg−1 of biomass compared to only 53 g kg−1 of biomass during air blown gasification. On the other hand, tar concentrations in the producer gas were 6.0 g m−3 for ballasted gasification compared to 11.7 g m−3 for air blown gasification. On balance, carbon conversion was found to be higher for air blown gasification. Cold gas efficiencies were somewhat higher for air blown gasification compared to ballasted gasification, although the difference did not appear to be significant.", "publicationTitle": "Biomass and Bioenergy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "October 2012", "volume": "45", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "95-108", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Biomass and Bioenergy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.05.018", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0961953412002267", "accessDate": "2014-05-13T22:29:48Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0961-9534", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Ballast", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Biomass", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fluidized bed", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Gasification", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Mass balance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "energy balance", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-05-13T22:29:48Z", "dateModified": "2014-05-13T22:29:48Z" } }, { "key": "AQNIZAHD", "version": 6, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 264679, "name": "Gasifier energy balance", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gasifier_energy_balance", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/264679/items/AQNIZAHD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gasifier_energy_balance/items/AQNIZAHD", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Rutberg et al.", "parsedDate": "2011-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "AQNIZAHD", "version": 6, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "On efficiency of plasma gasification of wood residues", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ph. G.", "lastName": "Rutberg" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A. N.", "lastName": "Bratsev" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "V. A.", "lastName": "Kuznetsov" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "V. E.", "lastName": "Popov" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A. A.", "lastName": "Ufimtsev" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S. V.", "lastName": "Shtengel’" } ], "abstractNote": "High temperature plasma gasification of wood is evaluated for the production of a fuel gas (syngas) for combined heat and power production. The advantages of plasma by comparison with existing thermochemical processes are in the high heating value gases, process control and the lower energy consumption per unit of output. From one kilogram of 20% moisture wood it is possible to obtain 4.6–4.8 MJ of electricity (net of electricity input) and 9.1–9.3 MJ of thermal energy when using wood with average elemental composition and with a LHV energy content of 13.9 MJ, when using a combined Brayton and Steam cycle generating plant. Experimental data from an air plasma gasification plant using alternating current (AC) plasma torches was integrated with a thermodynamic model showing that the chemical energy in the produced syngas was 13.8–14.3 MJ kg−1 with a power input of 2.2–3.3 MJ kg−1.", "publicationTitle": "Biomass and Bioenergy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "January 2011", "volume": "35", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "495-504", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Biomass and Bioenergy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.09.010", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0961953410003351", "accessDate": "2014-05-13T22:28:26Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0961-9534", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Pinus spp", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Plasma gasification", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Syngas", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Wood", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "energy balance", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-05-13T22:28:26Z", "dateModified": "2014-05-13T22:28:26Z" } }, { "key": "F4KNQ9X3", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 264679, "name": "Gasifier energy balance", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gasifier_energy_balance", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/264679/items/F4KNQ9X3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gasifier_energy_balance/items/F4KNQ9X3", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Athanasiou et al.", "parsedDate": "2007-03", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "F4KNQ9X3", "version": 5, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "From biomass to electricity through integrated gasification/SOFC system-optimization and energy balance", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C.", "lastName": "Athanasiou" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "F.", "lastName": "Coutelieris" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E.", "lastName": "Vakouftsi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "V.", "lastName": "Skoulou" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E.", "lastName": "Antonakou" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G.", "lastName": "Marnellos" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Zabaniotou" } ], "abstractNote": "In this paper the integrated process of biomass gasification and a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) was studied in terms of thermodynamics. The study is based on an ongoing project intending to develop an innovative sustainable technology with high efficiency. According to some assumptions, the energy balance revealed that the process can be auto-thermal. Furthermore, and due to the utilization of the hydrogen content of steam utilized in the reforming stage, the overall efficiencies to electrical power could reach very high levels.", "publicationTitle": "International Journal of Hydrogen Energy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "March 2007", "volume": "32", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "337-342", "series": "Fuel Cells", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "International Journal of Hydrogen Energy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.06.048", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360319906002552", "accessDate": "2014-05-13T22:25:02Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0360-3199", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Biomass", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Gasification", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Optimization", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "SOFC", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Thermodynamics", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-05-13T22:25:02Z", "dateModified": "2014-05-13T22:25:02Z" } }, { "key": "AUAABRK7", "version": 4, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 264679, "name": "Gasifier energy balance", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gasifier_energy_balance", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/264679/items/AUAABRK7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gasifier_energy_balance/items/AUAABRK7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hahn et al.", "parsedDate": "1979-02", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "AUAABRK7", "version": 4, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A mass and energy balance of a wellman-galusha gasifier", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "O. J.", "lastName": "Hahn" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D. P.", "lastName": "Wesley" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B. A.", "lastName": "Swisshelm" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Maples" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Withrow" } ], "abstractNote": "A test was run on a commercial-size, moving-bed atmospheric gasifier to collect process data and to quantify trace gases with a coking bituminous coal (free swelling index (FSI) 3 to 5). These data were desired to update and expand the available information used in the design of new gas producers and associated gas cleanup systems. The test runs were made with a sized 3.5 × 5 cm (1.5 × 2 inch) Eastern Kentucky Elkhorn No. 3 bituminous coal. As expected, the carbon utilization was high, > 99%, the heating value of the gas was 5.6 MJ/m3 (150 Btu/ft3), and the cold and hot gas efficiencies were 77% and 87%, respectively. The trace gases quantified were hydrogen sulfide (0.10%), ammonia (0.09%), and hydrogen cyanide (0.0052%). Cyclone dust was examined using a scanning electron microscope and found to be porous. An earlier test run of run-of-mine Eastern Kentucky Elkhorn No. 3 coal processed in a moving-bed gasifier is also reported.\nThe moving-bed atmospheric gasifier which was of a size suitable for industrial demand has been tested and design and process data collected.", "publicationTitle": "Fuel Processing Technology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "February 1979", "volume": "2", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1-16", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Fuel Processing Technology", "DOI": "10.1016/0378-3820(79)90027-4", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0378382079900274", "accessDate": "2014-05-13T22:16:09Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0378-3820", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-05-13T22:16:09Z", "dateModified": "2014-05-13T22:16:09Z" } }, { "key": "NGT4W5PX", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 264679, "name": "Gasifier energy balance", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gasifier_energy_balance", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/264679/items/NGT4W5PX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gasifier_energy_balance/items/NGT4W5PX", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Chern et al.", "parsedDate": "1989", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "NGT4W5PX", "version": 3, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Mass and energy balance analyses of a downdraft gasifier", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S. M.", "lastName": "Chern" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Walter P.", "lastName": "Walawender" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L. T.", "lastName": "Fan" } ], "abstractNote": "An empirical stoichiometric equation has been developed for wood chip gasification in a commercial-scale moving bed downdraft gasifier. The equation is based on an analysis of experimental overall and elemental material balance data obtained with the gasifier. A thermodynamic analysis of the gasifier has also been performed, based on the resultant empirical stoichiometric equation. The first-law and second-law thermodynamic efficiencies of the gasifier have been evaluated for four different operating modes at three different output temperatures.\nThe resultant empirical stoichiometry is in agreement with the means of the experimental data within one standard deviation. The highest first-law and second-law thermodynamic efficiencies have been obtained when all products are considered useable; they are 90% and 62%, respectively. The lowest first-law and second-law efficiencies have been obtained when cool dry gas is considered as the only useable product; they are 72% and 53%, respectively. The heat loss from the system to the surroundings has been estimated to be 10% of the energy input; this corresponds to a loss of 7% of the available energy input. The available energy dissipation in the system, due to the various irreversibilities of the gasification process, has been evaluated to be 31% of the available energy input. This dissipation is not recoverable and reflects the nature of the process.", "publicationTitle": "Biomass", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1989", "volume": "18", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "127-151", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Biomass", "DOI": "10.1016/0144-4565(89)90089-9", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0144456589900899", "accessDate": "2014-05-13T22:08:55Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0144-4565", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "downdraft gasifier", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "energy balance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "material balance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "thermodynamic efficiency", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "wood gasification", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-05-13T22:08:55Z", "dateModified": "2014-05-13T22:08:55Z" } }, { "key": "GC4WGUTE", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 264679, "name": "Gasifier energy balance", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gasifier_energy_balance", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/264679/items/GC4WGUTE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gasifier_energy_balance/items/GC4WGUTE", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1261598, "username": "Bibliobomb", "name": "Alex Hernandez", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/bibliobomb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "van der Meijden et al.", "parsedDate": "2010-03", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "GC4WGUTE", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The production of synthetic natural gas (SNG): A comparison of three wood gasification systems for energy balance and overall efficiency", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christiaan M.", "lastName": "van der Meijden" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Hubert J.", "lastName": "Veringa" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Luc P. L. M.", "lastName": "Rabou" } ], "abstractNote": "The production of Synthetic Natural Gas from biomass (Bio-SNG) by gasification and upgrading of the gas is an attractive option to reduce CO2 emissions and replace declining fossil natural gas reserves. Production of energy from biomass is approximately CO2 neutral. Production of Bio-SNG can even be CO2 negative, since in the final upgrading step, part of the biomass carbon is removed as CO2, which can be stored. The use of biomass for CO2 reduction will increase the biomass demand and therefore will increase the price of biomass. Consequently, a high overall efficiency is a prerequisite for any biomass conversion process. Various biomass gasification technologies are suitable to produce SNG. The present article contains an analysis of the Bio-SNG process efficiency that can be obtained using three different gasification technologies and associated gas cleaning and methanation equipment. These technologies are: 1) Entrained Flow, 2) Circulating Fluidized Bed and 3) Allothermal or Indirect gasification. The aim of this work is to identify the gasification route with the highest process efficiency from biomass to SNG and to quantify the differences in overall efficiency. Aspen Plus® was used as modeling tool. The heat and mass balances are based on experimental data from literature and our own experience.\nOverall efficiency to SNG is highest for Allothermal gasification. The net overall efficiencies on LHV basis, including electricity consumption and pre-treatment but excluding transport of biomass are 54% for Entrained Flow, 58% for CFB and 67% for Allothermal gasification. Because of the significantly higher efficiency to SNG for the route via Allothermal gasification, ECN is working on the further development of Allothermal gasification. ECN has built and tested a 30 kWth lab scale gasifier connected to a gas cleaning test rig and methanation unit and presently is building a 0.8 MWth pilot plant, called Milena, which will be connected to the existing pilot scale gas cleaning.", "publicationTitle": "Biomass and Bioenergy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "March 2010", "volume": "34", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "302-311", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Biomass and Bioenergy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2009.11.001", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096195340900230X", "accessDate": "2014-05-13T21:53:22Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0961-9534", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The production of synthetic natural gas (SNG)", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Allothermal", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aspen plus®", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Bio-CNG", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Bio-SNG", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Biogas", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Biomass", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "CCS", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "CFB", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Entrained flow", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Gasification", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Indirect gasification", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Natural gas", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "SNG", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Twin-bed", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-05-13T21:53:22Z", "dateModified": "2014-05-13T21:53:22Z" } } ]