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Theorie, Implementierung, Fallstudie", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christof", "lastName": "Schöch" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Toni", "lastName": "Bernhart" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Sandra", "lastName": "Richter" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Marcus", "lastName": "Lepper" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Marcus", "lastName": "Willand" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Andrea", "lastName": "Albrecht" } ], "abstractNote": "https://zenodo.org/record/1286944", "bookTitle": "Quantitative Ansätze in den Literatur- und Geisteswissenschaften. 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"Slides: https://christofs.github.io/pyzeta_en/#/", "date": "2018", "proceedingsTitle": "Book of Abstracts of the Digital Humanities Conference", "conferenceName": "Digital Humanities Conference (DH2018)", "place": "Mexico City", "publisher": "ADHO", "volume": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "language": "eng", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "shortTitle": "", "url": "https://dh2018.adho.org/burrows-zeta-exploring-and-evaluating-variants-and-parameters/", "accessDate": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "Citation Key: schoch_2018_burrows", "tags": [], "collections": [ "6PKGGHZH", "WQL3D9QU" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2018-06-30T14:51:44Z", "dateModified": "2023-09-15T06:55:56Z" } }, { "key": "7XX7M89X", "version": 387, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 264126, "name": "Christof-Schoech", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/christof-schoech", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/264126/items/7XX7M89X", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/christof-schoech/items/7XX7M89X", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 228821, "username": "christof.s", "name": "Christof Schöch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/christof.s", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Du et al.", "parsedDate": "2021-11-17", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "7XX7M89X", "version": 387, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "Zeta & Eta: An Exploration and Evaluation of Two Dispersion-based Measures of Distinctiveness", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Keli", "lastName": "Du" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Julia", "lastName": "Dudar" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Cora", "lastName": "Rok" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christof", "lastName": "Schöch" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Maud", "lastName": "Ehrmann" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Folgert", "lastName": "Karsdorp" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Melvin", "lastName": "Wevers" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Tara Lee", "lastName": "Andrews" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Manuel", "lastName": "Burghardt" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Mike", "lastName": "Kestemont" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Enrique", "lastName": "Manjavacas" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Michael", "lastName": "Piotrowski" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Joris van", "lastName": "Zundert" } ], "abstractNote": "", "date": "2021-11-17", "proceedingsTitle": "Proceedings of the Conference on Computational Humanities Research 2021", "conferenceName": "Computational Humanities Research 2021", "place": "Amsterdam, the Netherlands", "publisher": "CEUR", "volume": "2989", "pages": "181-194", "series": "CEUR Workshop Proceedings", "language": "en", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "shortTitle": "Zeta & Eta", "url": "http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2989/#short_paper11", "accessDate": "2021-10-25T14:36:50Z", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "libraryCatalog": "CEUR Workshop Proceedings", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "ISSN: 1613-0073\nCitation Key: du_2021_zeta", "tags": [], "collections": [ "6PKGGHZH", "WQL3D9QU" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2021-10-25T14:39:06Z", "dateModified": "2023-09-15T06:55:49Z" } }, { "key": "JCH5Z9ZY", "version": 387, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 264126, "name": "Christof-Schoech", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/christof-schoech", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/264126/items/JCH5Z9ZY", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/christof-schoech/items/JCH5Z9ZY", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 228821, "username": "christof.s", "name": "Christof Schöch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/christof.s", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Schröter et al.", "parsedDate": "2021-12-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "JCH5Z9ZY", "version": 387, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "From Keyness to Distinctiveness – Triangulation and Evaluation in Computational Literary Studies", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Julian", "lastName": "Schröter" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Keli", "lastName": "Du" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Julia", "lastName": "Dudar" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Cora", "lastName": "Rok" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christof", "lastName": "Schöch" } ], "abstractNote": "There is a set of statistical measures developed mostly in corpus and computational linguistics and information retrieval, known as keyness measures, which are generally expected to detect textual features that account for differences between two texts or groups of texts. These measures are based on the frequency, distribution, or dispersion of words (or other features). Searching for relevant differences or similarities between two text groups is also an activity that is characteristic of traditional literary studies, whenever two authors, two periods in the work of one author, two historical periods or two literary genres are to be compared. Therefore, applying quantitative procedures in order to search for differences seems to be promising in the field of computational literary studies as it allows to analyze large corpora and to base historical hypotheses on differences between authors, genres and periods on larger empirical evidence. However, applying quantitative procedures in order to answer questions relevant to literary studies in many cases raises methodological problems, which have been discussed on a more general level in the context of integrating or triangulating quantitative and qualitative methods in mixed methods research of the social sciences. This paper aims to solve these methodological issues concretely for the concept of distinctiveness and thus to lay the methodological foundation permitting to operationalize quantitative procedures in order to use them not only as rough exploratory tools, but in a hermeneutically meaningful way for research in literary studies. Based on a structural definition of potential candidate measures for analyzing distinctiveness in the first section, we offer a systematic description of the issue of integrating quantitative procedures into a hermeneutically meaningful understanding of distinctiveness by distinguishing its epistemological from the methodological perspective. The second section develops a systematic strategy to solve the methodological side of this issue based on a critical reconstruction of the widespread non-integrative strategy in research on keyness measures that can be traced back to Rudolf Carnap’s model of explication. We demonstrate that it is, in the first instance, mandatory to gain a comprehensive qualitative understanding of the actual task. We show that Carnap’s model of explication suffers from a shortcoming that consists in ignoring the need for a systematic comparison of what he calls the explicatum and the explicandum. Only if there is a method of systematic comparison, the next task, namely that of evaluation can be addressed, which verifies whether the output of a quantitative procedure corresponds to the qualitative expectation that must be clarified in advance. We claim that evaluation is necessary for integrating quantitative procedures to a qualitative understanding of distinctiveness. Our reconstruction shows that both steps are usually skipped in empirical research on keyness measures that are the most important point of reference for the development of a measure of distinctiveness. Evaluation, which in turn requires thorough explication and conceptual clarification, needs to be employed to verify this relation. In the third section we offer a qualitative clarification of the concept of distinctiveness by spanning a three-dimensional conceptual space. This flexible framework takes into account that there is no single and proper concept of distinctiveness but rather a field of possible meanings depending on research interest, theoretical framework, and access to the perceptibility or salience of textual features. Therefore, we shall, instead of stipulating any narrow and strict definition, take into account that each of these aspects – interest, theoretical framework, and access to perceptibility – represents one dimension of the heuristic space of possible uses of the concept of distinctiveness. The fourth section discusses two possible strategies of operationalization and evaluation that we consider to be complementary to the previously provided clarification, and that complete the task of establishing a candidate measure successfully as a measure of distinctiveness in a qualitatively ambitious sense. We demonstrate that two different general strategies are worth considering, depending on the respective notion of distinctiveness and the interest as elaborated in the third section. If the interest is merely taxonomic, classification tasks based on multi-class supervised machine learning are sufficient. If the interest is aesthetic, more complex and intricate evaluation strategies are required, which have to rely on a thorough conceptual clarification of the concept of distinctiveness, in particular on the idea of salience or perceptibility. The challenge here is to correlate perceivable complex features of texts such as plot, theme (aboutness), style, form, or roles and constellation of fictional characters with the unperceived frequency and distribution of word features that are calculated by candidate measures of distinctiveness. Existing research did not clarify, so far, how to correlate such complex features with individual word features. The paper concludes with a general reflection on the possibility of mixed methods research for computational literary studies in terms of explanatory power and exploratory use. As our strategy of combining explication and evaluation shows, integration should be understood as a strategy of combining two different perspectives on the object area: in our evaluation scenarios, that of empirical reader response and that of a specific quantitative procedure. This does not imply that measures of distinctiveness, which proved to reach explanatory power in one qualitative aspect, should be supposed to be successful in all fields of research. As long as evaluation is omitted, candidate measures of distinctiveness lack explanatory power and are limited to exploratory use. In contrast with a skepticism that has sometimes been expressed from literary scholars with regard to the relevance of computational literary studies on proper issues of the humanities, we believe that integrating computational methods into hermeneutic literary studies can be achieved in a way that reaches higher explanatory power than the usual exploratory use of keyness measures, but it can only be achieved individually for concrete tasks and not once and for all based on a general theoretical demonstration.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Literary Theory", "volume": "15", "issue": "1-2", "pages": "81-108", "date": "2021-12-01", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "language": "en", "DOI": "10.1515/jlt-2021-2011", "ISSN": "1862-8990", "shortTitle": "", "url": "https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/jlt-2021-2011/html", "accessDate": "2021-11-13T15:31:24Z", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "libraryCatalog": "www.degruyter.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "Publisher: De Gruyter\nCitation Key: schroter_2021_keyness", "tags": [], "collections": [ "8JFVED94", "WQL3D9QU" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2021-11-13T15:31:34Z", "dateModified": "2023-09-15T06:55:43Z" } }, { "key": "LC8W7ULT", "version": 387, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 264126, "name": "Christof-Schoech", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/christof-schoech", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/264126/items/LC8W7ULT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/christof-schoech/items/LC8W7ULT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 228821, "username": "christof.s", "name": "Christof Schöch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/christof.s", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Du et al.", "parsedDate": "2022-03-07", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "LC8W7ULT", "version": 387, "itemType": "presentation", "title": "Kontrastive Textanalyse mit pydistinto - Ein Python-Paket zur Nutzung unterschiedlicher Distinktivitätsmaße", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "presenter", "firstName": "Keli", "lastName": "Du" }, { "creatorType": "presenter", "firstName": "Julia", "lastName": "Dudar" }, { "creatorType": "presenter", "firstName": "Cora", "lastName": "Rok" }, { "creatorType": "presenter", "firstName": "Christof", "lastName": "Schöch" } ], "abstractNote": "In den Computational Literary Studies (CLS) werden statistische Distinktivitätsmaße eingesetzt, um Features zu bestimmen, die charakteristisch für eine Textgruppe im Vergleich mit einer anderen Textgruppe sind. Allerdings erweisen sich die meisten vorhandenen Tools als ungeeignet, wenn Nutzer:innen ihre Analysen anpassen und eigene Parametereinstellungen vornehmen oder bestimmte Datenformate nutzen wollen. Um den Einsatz relevanter Maße für die kontrastive Textanalyse zu erleichtern und das Bewusstsein für die Vielfalt der Maße zu schärfen, entwickeln wir ein Python-Paket mit dem Namen pydistinto. Mithilfe von pydistinto können Nutzer:innen auch mit geringen Programmier- und Statistikkenntnissen zwei Textkorpora mit unterschiedlichen Maßen miteinander vergleichen, und in einem fortgeschrittenen Modus auch die Eigenschaften und Leistungsfähigkeit der unterschiedlichen Maße empirisch ermitteln und gegenüberstellen. Durch Tabellen und Abbildungen werden in dem geplanten Poster vor allem die folgenden Aspekte unseres Pakets vorgestellt: die Möglichkeiten der Vorverarbeitung der Textdaten, die implementierten Distinktivitätsmaße und die Visualisierung der kontrastiven Analyseergebnisse. Ein Beitrag zur 8. Tagung des Verbands \"Digital Humanities im deutschsprachigen Raum\" - DHd 2022 Kulturen des digitalen Gedächtnisses.", "presentationType": "", "date": "2022-03-07", "place": "Potsdam", "meetingName": "", "url": "https://zenodo.org/record/6327967", "accessDate": "2022-03-07T08:37:50Z", "language": "", "shortTitle": "", "rights": "", "extra": "Conference Name: DHd 2022 Kulturen des digitalen Gedächtnisses. 8. 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Classification of Literary Texts on the Basis of Distinctive Words", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Keli", "lastName": "Du" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Julia", "lastName": "Dudar" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christof", "lastName": "Schöch" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Computational Literary Studies", "volume": "1", "issue": "1", "pages": "", "date": "2022-11-30", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "language": "eng", "DOI": "10.48694/jcls.102", "ISSN": "2940-1348", "shortTitle": "", "url": "https://jcls.io/article/id/102/", "accessDate": "2023-01-08T19:56:31Z", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "libraryCatalog": "jcls.io", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "Number: 1\nPublisher: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt\nCitation Key: du_2022_evaluation", "tags": [], "collections": [ "WQL3D9QU" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2023-01-08T19:56:31Z", "dateModified": "2023-09-15T06:55:31Z" } }, { "key": "TYF3BIDA", "version": 386, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 264126, "name": "Christof-Schoech", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/christof-schoech", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/264126/items/TYF3BIDA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/christof-schoech/items/TYF3BIDA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 228821, "username": "christof.s", "name": "Christof Schöch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/christof.s", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Schöch", "parsedDate": "2023", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "TYF3BIDA", "version": 386, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "What is Genre Analysis?", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christof", "lastName": "Schöch" }, { "creatorType": 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is to reflect on the process of building the multilingual European Literary Text Collection (ELTeC) that is being created in the framework of the networking project Distant Reading for European Literary History funded by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). To provide some background, we briefly introduce the basic idea of ELTeC with a focus on the overall goals and intended usage scenarios. We then describe the collection composition principles that we have derived from the usage scenarios. In our discussion of the corpus-building process, we focus on collections of novels from four different literary traditions as components of ELTeC: French, Portuguese, Romanian, and Slovenian, selected from the more than twenty collections that are currently in preparation. For each collection, we describe some of the challenges we have encountered and the solutions developed while building ELTeC. In each case, the literary tradition, the history of the language, the current state of digitization of cultural heritage, the resources available locally, and the scholars’ training level with regard to digitization and corpus building have been vastly different. How can we, in this context, hope to build comparable collections of novels that can usefully be integrated into a multilingual resource such as ELTeC and used in Distant Reading research? Based on our individual and collective experience with contributing to ELTeC, we end this contribution with some lessons learned regarding collaborative, multilingual corpus building.", "publicationTitle": "Modern Languages Open", "volume": "", "issue": "1", "pages": "25", "date": "2021", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "language": "en", "DOI": "10.3828/mlo.v0i0.364", "ISSN": "2052-5397", "shortTitle": "Creating the European Literary Text Collection (ELTeC)", "url": "http://www.modernlanguagesopen.org/articles/10.3828/mlo.v0i0.364/", "accessDate": "2021-12-17T06:43:29Z", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "libraryCatalog": "www.modernlanguagesopen.org", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access ). All third-party images reproduced on this journal are shared under Educational Fair Use. For more information on Educational Fair Use , please see this useful checklist prepared by Columbia University Libraries . All copyright of third-party content posted here for research purposes belongs to its original owners. Unless otherwise stated all references to characters and comic art presented on this journal are ©, ® or ™ of their respective owners. No challenge to any owner’s rights is intended or should be inferred.", "extra": "Number: 1\nPublisher: Liverpool University Press", "tags": [], "collections": [ "8JFVED94" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2021-12-17T06:49:57Z", "dateModified": "2023-03-26T14:34:36Z" } }, { "key": "NE2BWSGA", "version": 353, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 264126, "name": "Christof-Schoech", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/christof-schoech", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/264126/items/NE2BWSGA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/christof-schoech/items/NE2BWSGA", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/264126/items/CNLY9ZCX", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 228821, "username": "christof.s", "name": "Christof Schöch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/christof.s", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "NE2BWSGA", "version": 353, "parentItem": "CNLY9ZCX", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Schöch_2023_Repetitive.pdf", "accessDate": "2023-03-08T11:13:11Z", "url": "https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-2657846/latest.pdf", "note": "
Contents
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Using the phrase ‘repetitive research’ as an umbrella term, and ...", "publicationTitle": "International Journal of Digital Humanities", "volume": "", "issue": "", "pages": "preprint", "date": "2023-03-08", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "language": "en", "DOI": "10.21203/rs.3.rs-2657846/v1", "ISSN": "", "shortTitle": "Repetitive Research", "url": "https://www.researchsquare.com", "accessDate": "2023-03-08T11:13:10Z", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2023-03-08T11:13:10Z", "dateModified": "2023-03-08T11:13:52Z" } }, { "key": "Q5BKPLRT", "version": 347, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 264126, "name": "Christof-Schoech", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/christof-schoech", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/264126/items/Q5BKPLRT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/christof-schoech/items/Q5BKPLRT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 228821, "username": "christof.s", "name": "Christof Schöch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/christof.s", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Schöch", "parsedDate": "2022", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "Q5BKPLRT", "version": 347, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "Quantitative Semantik. Word Embedding Models für literaturwissenschaftliche Fragestellungen", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christof", "lastName": "Schöch" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Fotis", "lastName": "Jannidis" } ], "abstractNote": "Zum Verhältnis der hermeneutischen und der quantitativen Literaturwissenschaften besteht eine Reihe von Argumentationsmustern, nach denen die letzteren von Fall zu Fall als Retter, Herausforderer, Sargnagel oder Ergänzung der ersteren gesehen werden. Alle diese Argumentationsmuster haben ihren Charme und ihre Schattenseiten, ihre Berechtigung und ihre Grenzen. In der Tat entscheidet sich die Frage nach dem Verhältnis von hermeneutischen und quantitativen Verfahren in den Literaturwissenschaften nicht ein für alle Mal.", "bookTitle": "Digitale Literaturwissenschaft: DFG-Symposion 2017", "series": "Germanistische Symposien", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "place": "Stuttgart", "publisher": "J.B. Metzler", "date": "2022", "pages": "535-562", "language": "de", "ISBN": "978-3-476-05886-7", "shortTitle": "", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05886-7_22", "accessDate": "2023-03-04T10:43:30Z", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "libraryCatalog": "Springer Link", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "DOI: 10.1007/978-3-476-05886-7_22", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2023-03-04T10:44:24Z", "dateModified": "2023-03-04T10:44:24Z" } }, { "key": "6SHTID3E", "version": 346, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 264126, "name": "Christof-Schoech", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/christof-schoech", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/264126/items/6SHTID3E", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/christof-schoech/items/6SHTID3E", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 228821, "username": "christof.s", "name": "Christof Schöch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/christof.s", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Schöch", "parsedDate": "2023", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "6SHTID3E", "version": 346, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Nicholas D. Paige: Technologies of the novel: quantitative data and the evolution of literary systems (Cambridge University Press, 2020) [review]", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christof", "lastName": "Schöch" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "H-France Review", "volume": "23", "issue": "22", "pages": "", "date": "2023", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "language": "en", "DOI": "", "ISSN": "", "shortTitle": "", "url": "https://h-france.net/vol23reviews/vol23no22schoch.pdf", "accessDate": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "libraryCatalog": "Library of Congress ISBN", "callNumber": "PN3331", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2023-03-01T20:54:32Z", "dateModified": "2023-03-01T20:56:23Z" } }, { "key": "INPMTXGK", "version": 339, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 264126, "name": "Christof-Schoech", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/christof-schoech", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/264126/items/INPMTXGK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/christof-schoech/items/INPMTXGK", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/264126/items/6SHTID3E", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 228821, "username": "christof.s", "name": "Christof Schöch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/christof.s", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "INPMTXGK", "version": 339, "parentItem": "6SHTID3E", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Paige - 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However, existing image classification benchmarks often evaluate recognition on a specific domain (e.g., outdoor images) or a specific task (e.g., classifying plant species), which falls short of evaluating whether pre-trained foundational models are universal visual recognizers. To address this, we formally present the task of Open-domain Visual Entity recognitioN (OVEN), where a model need to link an image onto a Wikipedia entity with respect to a text query. We construct OVEN-Wiki by re-purposing 14 existing datasets with all labels grounded onto one single label space: Wikipedia entities. OVEN challenges models to select among six million possible Wikipedia entities, making it a general visual recognition benchmark with the largest number of labels. Our study on state-of-the-art pre-trained models reveals large headroom in generalizing to the massive-scale label space. We show that a PaLI-based auto-regressive visual recognition model performs surprisingly well, even on Wikipedia entities that have never been seen during fine-tuning. 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