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            "publicationTitle": "Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem",
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            "title": "Treatment and ergonomics training of work-related lower back pain and body posture problems for nurses",
            "creators": [
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                    "firstName": "Melinda",
                    "lastName": "Jaromi"
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                {
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                    "firstName": "Andrea",
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                    "firstName": "Jozsef",
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            "abstractNote": "Aims: The purpose of the study was to measure the effectiveness of a spine training programme (Back School) in nurses who have been living with chronic low back pain. It was hypothesised that active therapy, ergonomics and education called Back School will significantly decrease the pain intensity levels and improve the body posture of the study participants. Background: A chronic low back pain is a significant work-related health problem among healthcare workers around the world. Proper body posture is essential for decreasing pain in healthcare workers who have history of chronic low back pain. By teaching proper body posture and with the creation of occupational settings that are ‘spine-friendly’ hospitals and other healthcare settings can significantly lower the suffering of their nursing staff. Design: Single-blinded randomised controlled trial was utilised with six- and 12-months follow-up. Methods: The study was carried out at the University of Pecs, Faculty of Health Sciences from 2007 to 2008 involving 124 nurses with low back pain. Participants were randomly assigned to the study group (who have received ergonomics training and education called Back School) with an intervention conducted once a week for a six-week period. The control group received passive physiotherapy once a week for a six-week period. Further follow-up measurements were conducted at six and 12 months, respectively. The study variables and outcome measures were pain intensity and body posture (angle of thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis). The pain intensity was investigated with the Visual Analogue Scale. Body posture was recorded and analysed with the Zebris biomechanical motion analysis system. Results: The statistical analysis of repeated measures indicated a significant decrease in back pain intensity after the therapy in both groups, compared with measurements before the therapy; however, the BS group showed significantly better results during the six-month and one-year follow-up period. The biomechanical analysis of postures after the therapy in the BS group showed significant improvements over the control group; during the follow-up, the difference was still significant, yet slightly reduced. Conclusions: This study has shown that a significant reduction in the pain intensity and improvement in body posture can be achieved by the usage of the active physical therapy methods (Back School) in nurses who are experiencing chronic lower back pain. Relevance to clinical practice: The Back School programme when compared with the passive physical therapies (such as massage, ultrasound treatment, etc.) shows significant improvement in reduction in pain and greatly improves the posture of healthcare workers. The adoption of the Back School programme for the treatment of the healthcare workers with chronic low back problems should be a treatment of choice and standard that should be adopted when designing occupational healthcare policies and procedures. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)",
            "publicationTitle": "Journal of Clinical Nursing",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "June 2012",
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            "pages": "1776-1784",
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                    "firstName": "Lucie",
                    "lastName": "Brosseau"
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                    "firstName": "George A.",
                    "lastName": "Wells"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Stéphane",
                    "lastName": "Poitras"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Peter",
                    "lastName": "Tugwell"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Lynn",
                    "lastName": "Casimiro"
                },
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Michael",
                    "lastName": "Novikov"
                },
                {
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                    "firstName": "Laurianne",
                    "lastName": "Loew"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Danijel",
                    "lastName": "Sredic"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Sarah",
                    "lastName": "Clément"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Amélie",
                    "lastName": "Gravelle"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Daniel",
                    "lastName": "Kresic"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Kevin",
                    "lastName": "Hua"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Ana",
                    "lastName": "Lakic"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Gabrielle",
                    "lastName": "Ménard"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Stéphanie",
                    "lastName": "Sabourin"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Marie-André",
                    "lastName": "Bolduc"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Isabelle",
                    "lastName": "Ratté"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Jessica",
                    "lastName": "McEwan"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Andrea D.",
                    "lastName": "Furlan"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Anita",
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            "publicationTitle": "Journal of Bodywork & Movement Therapies",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "October 2012",
            "volume": "16",
            "issue": "4",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "424-455",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
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            "DOI": "",
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            "tags": [
                {
                    "tag": "*BACKACHE -- Treatment",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "*CHRONIC pain -- Treatment",
                    "type": 1
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                    "tag": "*CINAHL (Information retrieval system)",
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            "abstractNote": "BACKGROUND: Low-back pain is a costly illness for which spinal manipulative therapy is commonly recommended. Previous systematic reviews and practice guidelines have reached discordant results on the effectiveness of this therapy for low-back pain. OBJECTIVES: To resolve the discrepancies related to the use of spinal manipulative therapy and to update previous estimates of effectiveness, by comparing spinal manipulative therapy with other therapies and then incorporating data from recent high-quality randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) into the analysis. SEARCH METHODS: The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL were electronically searched from their respective beginning to January 2000, using the Back Group search strategy; references from previous systematic reviews were also screened. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized, controlled trials (RCT) that evaluated spinal manipulative therapy for patients with low-back pain, with at least one day of follow-up, and at least one clinically-relevant outcome measure. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors, who served as the authors for all stages of the meta-analysis, independently extracted data from unmasked articles. Comparison treatments were classified into the following seven categories: sham, conventional general practitioner care, analgesics, physical therapy, exercises, back school, or a collection of therapies judged to be ineffective or even harmful (traction, corset, bed rest, home care, topical gel, no treatment, diathermy, and minimal massage). MAIN RESULTS: Thirty-nine RCTs were identified. Meta-regression models were developed for acute or chronic pain and short-term and long-term pain and function. For patients with acute low-back pain, spinal manipulative therapy was superior only to sham therapy (10-mm difference [95% CI, 2 to 17 mm] on a 100-mm visual analogue scale) or therapies judged to be ineffective or even harmful. Spinal manipulative therapy had no statistically or clinically significant advantage over general practitioner care, analgesics, physical therapy, exercises, or back school. Results for patients with chronic low-back pain were similar. Radiation of pain, study quality, profession of manipulator, and use of manipulation alone or in combination with other therapies did not affect these results. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence that spinal manipulative therapy is superior to other standard treatments for patients with acute or chronic low-back pain.",
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                    "firstName": "Al-Sayed, A.",
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            "abstractNote": "BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cervicogenic headache (CGH) is a common problem associated with neck pain. In this study the effect of cervical mobilizations was compared with that of massage therapy in the management of CGH. DESIGN: Thirty-six subjects with CGH, randomly assigned into two groups, participated in the study. The first group was treated with spinal mobilization techniques of the upper cervical spine, while the second group was treated with massage therapy of the neck region. All subjects underwent active neck range of motion, isometric and dynamic strengthening and endurance exercises in two sessions/week for 6 weeks. Pre- and post-treatment outcomes were assessed with means and standard error of the means of measured headache pain intensity, frequency and duration of headache attacks as well as via the functional Neck Disability Index (NDI) and active neck range of motion. RESULTS: The results of the study showed significant improvement in all measured variables in each treatment group. Comparison between the two groups showed significant differences in all measured variables after intervention in favor of mobilization techniques with the exception of the functional NDI. CONCLUSION: Upper cervical spine mobilization demonstrated more clinical benefits than massage therapy with regard to headache pain parameters and neck mobility for CGH subjects.",
            "publicationTitle": "Journal of Back & Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2013",
            "volume": "26",
            "issue": "1",
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            "partNumber": "",
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                    "type": 1
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                    "type": 1
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                    "type": 1
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                    "firstName": "Anita R",
                    "lastName": "Gross"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Charlie",
                    "lastName": "Goldsmith"
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                {
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                    "firstName": "Jan L",
                    "lastName": "Hoving"
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                    "lastName": "Aker"
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                {
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            "abstractNote": "OBJECTIVE: To determine if conservative treatments (manual therapies, physical medicine methods, medication, and patient education) relieved pain or improved function/disability, patient satisfaction, and global perceived effect in adults with acute, subacute, and chronic mechanical neck disorders (MND) by updating 11 systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials (RCT).\nMETHODS: Two independent authors selected studies, abstracted data, and assessed methodological quality from computerized databases. We calculated relative risks and standardized mean differences (SMD) when possible. In the absence of heterogeneity, we calculated pooled effect sizes.\nRESULTS: We studied 88 unique RCT. The mean methodological quality scores were acceptable in 59% of the trials. We noted strong evidence of benefit for maintained pain reduction [pooled SMD -0.85 (95% CI -1.20, -0.50)], improvement in function, and positive global perceived effect favoring exercise plus mobilization/manipulation versus control for subacute/chronic MND. We found moderate evidence of longterm benefit for improved function favoring direct neck strengthening and stretching for chronic MND, and for high global perceived effect favoring vertigo exercises. We noted moderate evidence of no benefit for botulinium-A injection [pooled SMD -0.39 (95% CI -01.25, 0.47)]. We found many treatments demonstrating short-term effects.\nCONCLUSION: Exercise combined with mobilization/manipulation, exercise alone, and intramuscular lidocaine for chronic MND; intravenous glucocorticoid for acute whiplash associated disorders; and low-level laser therapy demonstrated either intermediate or longterm benefits. Optimal dosage of effective techniques and prognostic indicators for responders to care should be explored in future research.",
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            "date": "May 2007",
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            "issue": "5",
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            "language": "eng",
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            "title": "Patient Expectations of Benefit From Interventions for Neck Pain and Resulting Influence on Outcomes",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Mark D.",
                    "lastName": "Bishop"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Paul",
                    "lastName": "Mintken"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Joel E.",
                    "lastName": "Bialiosky"
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            "abstractNote": "STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were (1) to examine patients' general expectations for treatment by physical therapists and specific expectations for common interventions in patients with neck pain, and (2) to assess the extent to which the patients' general and specific expectations for treatment, particularly spinal manipulation, affect clinical outcomes. BACKGROUND: Patient expectations can have a profound influence on the magnitude of treatment outcome across a broad variety of patient conditions. METHODS: We performed a secondary analysis of data from a clinical trial of interventions for neck pain. Prior to beginning treatment for neck pain, 140 patients were asked about their general expectations of benefit as well as their specific expectations for individual interventions. Next, we examined how these expectations related to the patients' ratings of the success of treatment at 1 and 6 months after treatment. RESULTS: Patients had positive expectations for treatment by a physical therapist, with more than 80% of patients expecting moderate relief of symptoms, prevention of disability, the ability to do more activity, and to sleep better. The manual therapy interventions of massage (87%) and manipulation (75%) had the highest proportion of patients who expected these interventions to significantly improve neck pain. These were followed by strengthening (70%) and range-of- motion (54%) exercises. Very few patients thought surgery would improve their neck pain (less than 1%). At 1 month, patients who were unsure of experiencing complete pain relief had lower odds of reporting a successful outcome than patients expecting complete relief (odds ratio [OR] = 0.33; 95% confidence interval [Cl]: 0.11, 0.99). Believing that manipulation would help and not receiving manipulation lowered the odds of success (OR = 0.16; 95% Cl: 0.04, 0.72) compared to believing manipulation would help and receiving manipulation. Six months after treatment, having unsure expectations for complete pain relief lowered the odds of success (OR = 0.19; 95% Cl: 0.05,0.7), whereas definitely expecting to do more exercise increased the odds of success (OR = 11.4; 95%: Cl: 1.7, 74.7). Regarding self-reported disability assessed with the Neck Disability Index, patients who believed manipulation would help and received manipulation reported less disability than those who did not believe manipulation would help and both received manipulation (mean difference, -3.8; 95% Cl: -5.9, -1.5; P = .006) and did not receive manipulation (mean difference, -5.7; 95% Cl; -9.3, -2.1; P = .014). There was also an interaction between time and the expectation for complete relief. CONCLUSION: General expectations of benefit have a strong influence on clinical outcomes for , patients with neck pain. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognosis, level 2b-. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43(7):457-465. Epub 18 March 2013. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.4492 s KEY WORDS: cervical spine, physical therapy techniques, treatment ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR",
            "publicationTitle": "Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "July 2013",
            "volume": "43",
            "issue": "7",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "457-465",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy",
            "DOI": "",
            "citationKey": "",
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            "PMID": "",
            "PMCID": "",
            "ISSN": "01906011",
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            "shortTitle": "",
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            "tags": [
                {
                    "tag": "*EPIDEMIOLOGY",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "*EXERCISE",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "*EXERCISE therapy",
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                    "tag": "*MEDICAL records",
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                    "tag": "*MUSCLE strength",
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                    "tag": "*NECK pain",
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                    "tag": "*PAIN -- Measurement",
                    "type": 1
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                    "tag": "*PATIENTS",
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            "title": "Ottawa panel evidence-based clinical practice guidelines on therapeutic massage for neck pain",
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Lucie",
                    "lastName": "Brosseau"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "George A.",
                    "lastName": "Wells"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Peter",
                    "lastName": "Tugwell"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Lynn",
                    "lastName": "Casimiro"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Michael",
                    "lastName": "Novikov"
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                    "firstName": "Laurianne",
                    "lastName": "Loew"
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                    "firstName": "Danijel",
                    "lastName": "Sredic"
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                    "lastName": "Clément"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Amélie",
                    "lastName": "Gravelle"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Kevin",
                    "lastName": "Hua"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Daniel",
                    "lastName": "Kresic"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Ana",
                    "lastName": "Lakic"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Gabrielle",
                    "lastName": "Ménard"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Pascale",
                    "lastName": "Côté"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Ghislain",
                    "lastName": "Leblanc"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Mathieu",
                    "lastName": "Sonier"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Alexandre",
                    "lastName": "Cloutier"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Jessica",
                    "lastName": "McEwan"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Stéphane",
                    "lastName": "Poitras"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Andrea",
                    "lastName": "Furlan"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "Summary: Objective: To update evidence-based clinical practice guideline (EBCPG) on the use of massage compared to a control or other treatments for adults (>18 years) suffering from sub-acute and chronic neck pain. Methods: A literature search was performed from January 1, 1948 to December 31, 2010 for relevant articles. The Ottawa Panel created inclusion criteria focusing on high methodological quality and grading methods. Recommendations were assigned a grade (A, B, C, C+, D, D+, D−) based on strength of evidence. Results: A total of 45 recommendations from ten articles were developed including 8 positive recommendations (6 grade A and 2 grade C+) and 23 neutral recommendations (12 grade C and 11 grade D). Discussion: Therapeutic massage can decrease pain, tenderness, and improve range of motion for sub-acute and chronic neck pain. Conclusion: The Ottawa Panel was able to demonstrate that the massage interventions are effective for relieving immediate post-treatment neck pain symptoms, but data is insufficient for long-term effects. Copyright &y& Elsevier",
            "publicationTitle": "Journal of Bodywork & Movement Therapies",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "July 2012",
            "volume": "16",
            "issue": "3",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "300-325",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "Journal of Bodywork & Movement Therapies",
            "DOI": "",
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            "tags": [
                {
                    "tag": "*CHRONIC pain -- Treatment",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "*CINAHL (Information retrieval system)",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "*DISEASES",
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                {
                    "tag": "*FASCIAE (Anatomy)",
                    "type": 1
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                {
                    "tag": "*JOINTS -- Range of motion",
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                    "tag": "*MANIPULATION (Therapeutics)",
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                    "tag": "*NECK pain",
                    "type": 1
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                {
                    "tag": "*PHYSICAL therapy",
                    "type": 1
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                    "tag": "*PREVENTION",
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                    "tag": "Confidence Intervals",
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        "data": {
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            "version": 2,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Exercises for mechanical neck disorders",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Theresa M",
                    "lastName": "Kay"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Anita",
                    "lastName": "Gross"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Charles H",
                    "lastName": "Goldsmith"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Sherrill",
                    "lastName": "Rutherford"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Sandra",
                    "lastName": "Voth"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Jan L",
                    "lastName": "Hoving"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Gert",
                    "lastName": "Brønfort"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Pasqualina L",
                    "lastName": "Santaguida"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "BACKGROUND: Neck disorders are common, disabling and costly. The effectiveness of exercise as a physiotherapy intervention remains unclear.\nOBJECTIVES: To improve pain, disability, function, patient satisfaction, quality of life and global perceived effect in adults with neck pain.\nSEARCH METHODS: Computerized searches were conducted up to February 2012.\nSELECTION CRITERIA: We included single therapeutic exercise randomized controlled trials for adults with neck pain with or without cervicogenic headache or radiculopathy.\nDATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently conducted selection, data extraction, 'Risk of bias' assessment, and clinical relevance. The quality of the body of evidence was assessed using GRADE. Relative risk and standardized mean differences (SMD) were calculated.  After judging clinical and statistical heterogeneity, we performed meta-analyses.\nMAIN RESULTS: Six of the 21 selected trials had low risk of bias. Moderate quality evidence shows that combined cervical, scapulothoracic stretching and strengthening are beneficial for pain relief post treatment (pooled SMD -0.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.60, -0.10) and at intermediate follow-up (pooled SMD -0.31, 95% CI: -0.57, -0.06), and improved function short term and intermediate term (pooled SMD -0.45, 95% CI: -0.72, -0.18) for chronic neck pain. Moderate quality evidence demonstrates patients are very satisfied with their care when treated with therapeutic exercise. Low quality evidence shows exercise is of benefit for pain in the short term and for function up to long-term follow-up for chronic neck pain. Low to moderate quality evidence shows that chronic neck pain does not respond to upper extremity stretching and strengthening or a general exercise program.Low to moderate quality evidence supports self-mobilization, craniocervical endurance and low load cervical-scapular endurance exercises in reducing pain, improving function and global perceived effect in the long term for subacute/chronic cervicogenic headache. Low quality evidence supports neck strengthening exercise in acute cervical radiculopathy for pain relief in the short term.\nAUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Low to moderate quality evidence supports the use of specific cervical and scapular stretching and strengthening exercise for chronic neck pain immediately post treatment and intermediate term, and cervicogenic headaches in the long term. Low to moderate evidence suggests no benefit for some upper extremity stretching and strengthening exercises or a general exercise program.  Future trials should consider using an exercise classification system to establish similarity between protocols and adequate sample sizes. Factorial trials would help determine the active treatment agent within a treatment regimen where a standardized representation of dosage is essential. Standardized reporting of adverse events is needed for balancing the likelihood of treatment benefits over potential harms.",
            "publicationTitle": "The Cochrane database of systematic reviews",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2012",
            "volume": "8",
            "issue": "",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "CD004250",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "Cochrane Database Syst Rev",
            "DOI": "10.1002/14651858.CD004250.pub4",
            "citationKey": "",
            "url": "",
            "accessDate": "",
            "PMID": "",
            "PMCID": "",
            "ISSN": "1469-493X",
            "archive": "",
            "archiveLocation": "",
            "shortTitle": "",
            "language": "eng",
            "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed",
            "callNumber": "",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "PMID: 22895940",
            "tags": [
                {
                    "tag": "Acute Pain",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Adult",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Chronic Pain",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Female",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Humans",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Male",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Manipulation, Chiropractic",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Neck",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Neck Pain",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Pain Management",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Physical Therapy Modalities",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic",
                    "type": 1
                }
            ],
            "collections": [],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2014-05-01T20:28:40Z",
            "dateModified": "2014-05-01T20:28:40Z"
        }
    }
]