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"note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "S0142961209000246.html", "md5": "6b22b6a1f641043303b463cbf13d75ac", "mtime": 1397669539164, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-04-16T17:32:18Z", "dateModified": "2014-04-16T17:32:18Z" } }, { "key": "ITDKF7GG", "version": 20, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 260572, "name": "Tissue Engineering", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/tissue_engineering", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/260572/items/ITDKF7GG", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/tissue_engineering/items/ITDKF7GG", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1303414, "username": "wbr5dc", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/wbr5dc", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Jin et al.", "parsedDate": "2009-05", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "ITDKF7GG", "version": 20, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Injectable chitosan-based hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.", "lastName": "Jin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L. S.", "lastName": "Moreira Teixeira" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P. J.", "lastName": "Dijkstra" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Karperien" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C. A.", "lastName": "van Blitterswijk" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Z. Y.", "lastName": "Zhong" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Feijen" } ], "abstractNote": "Water-soluble chitosan derivatives, chitosan-graft-glycolic acid (GA) and phloretic acid (PA) (CH-GA/PA), were designed to obtain biodegradable injectable chitosan hydrogels through enzymatic crosslinking with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and H2O2. CH-GA/PA polymers were synthesized by first conjugating glycolic acid (GA) to native chitosan to render the polymer soluble at pH 7.4, and subsequent modification with phloretic acid (PA). The CH-GA43/PA10 with a degree of substitution (DS, defined as the number of substituted NH2 groups per 100 glucopyranose rings of chitosan) of GA of 43 and DS of PA of 10 showed a good solubility at pH values up to 10. Short gelation times (e.g. 10 s at a polymer concentration of 3 wt%), as recorded by the vial tilting method, were observed for the CH-GA43/PA10 hydrogels using HRP and H2O2. It was shown that these hydrogels can be readily degraded by lysozyme. In vitro culturing of chondrocytes in CH-GA43/PA10 hydrogels revealed that after 2 weeks the cells were viable and retained their round shape. These features indicate that CH-GA/PA hydrogels are promising as an artificial extracellular matrix for cartilage tissue engineering.", "publicationTitle": "Biomaterials", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 2009", "volume": "30", "issue": "13", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "2544-2551", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Biomaterials", "DOI": "10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.01.020", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142961209000246", "accessDate": "2014-04-16T17:32:17Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0142-9612", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Biodegradable", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Chitosan", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Chondrocytes", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Enzymatic crosslinking", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Hydrogel", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-04-16T17:32:17Z", "dateModified": "2014-04-16T17:32:17Z" } }, { "key": "CJWIFRQR", "version": 19, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 260572, "name": "Tissue Engineering", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/tissue_engineering", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/260572/items/CJWIFRQR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/tissue_engineering/items/CJWIFRQR", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/260572/items/53JAHHRF", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1303414, "username": "wbr5dc", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/wbr5dc", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "CJWIFRQR", "version": 19, "parentItem": "53JAHHRF", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "ScienceDirect Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2014-04-16T17:28:18Z", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142961208010752/pdfft?md5=1cca49bd825ff8c91f2c8ec8af0192fe&pid=1-s2.0-S0142961208010752-main.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Tan et al. - 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Hydrogels derived from natural polysaccharides are ideal scaffolds as they resemble the extracellular matrices of tissues comprised of various glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Here, we report a new class of biocompatible and biodegradable composite hydrogels derived from water-soluble chitosan and oxidized hyaluronic acid upon mixing, without the addition of a chemical crosslinking agent. The gelation is attributed to the Schiff base reaction between amino and aldehyde groups of polysaccharide derivatives. In the current work, N-succinyl-chitosan (S-CS) and aldehyde hyaluronic acid (A-HA) were synthesized for preparation of the composite hydrogels. The polysaccharide derivatives and composite hydrogels were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy. The effect of the ratio of S-CS and A-HA on the gelation time, microstructure, surface morphology, equilibrium swelling, compressive modulus, and in vitro degradation of composite hydrogels was examined. The potential of the composite hydrogel as an injectable scaffold was demonstrated by the encapsulation of bovine articular chondrocytes within the composite hydrogel matrix in vitro. The results demonstrated that the composite hydrogel supported cell survival and the cells retained chondrocytic morphology. These characteristics provide a potential opportunity to use the injectable, composite hydrogels in tissue engineering applications.", "publicationTitle": "Biomaterials", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 2009", "volume": "30", "issue": "13", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "2499-2506", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Biomaterials", "DOI": "10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.12.080", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142961208010752", "accessDate": "2014-04-16T17:28:18Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0142-9612", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Biodegradable hydrogel", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Bovine articular chondrocytes", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Chitosan", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Hyaluronic Acid", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Tissue engineering", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-04-16T17:28:18Z", "dateModified": "2014-04-16T17:28:18Z" } }, { "key": "JEZK7EI4", "version": 17, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 260572, "name": "Tissue Engineering", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/tissue_engineering", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/260572/items/JEZK7EI4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/tissue_engineering/items/JEZK7EI4", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/260572/items/FPX7M5PG", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1303414, "username": "wbr5dc", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/wbr5dc", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "JEZK7EI4", "version": 17, "parentItem": "FPX7M5PG", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "ScienceDirect Snapshot", "accessDate": "2014-04-16T00:48:30Z", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142961202001758", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "S0142961202001758.html", "md5": "5cf9e1dfef59748e6604bdbf38140595", "mtime": 1397609310257, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-04-16T00:48:30Z", "dateModified": "2014-04-16T00:48:30Z" } }, { "key": "8JXEZ27Q", "version": 17, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 260572, "name": "Tissue Engineering", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/tissue_engineering", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/260572/items/8JXEZ27Q", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/tissue_engineering/items/8JXEZ27Q", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/260572/items/FPX7M5PG", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1303414, "username": "wbr5dc", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/wbr5dc", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "8JXEZ27Q", "version": 17, "parentItem": "FPX7M5PG", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "ScienceDirect Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2014-04-16T00:48:28Z", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142961202001758/pdfft?md5=b6591258d7b52a59b8800195983c6f43&pid=1-s2.0-S0142961202001758-main.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Nguyen and West - 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In addition, hydrogels, three-dimensional networks of hydrophilic polymers that are able to swell large amounts of water, can be made to resemble the physical characteristics of soft tissues. Hydrogel materials also generally exhibit high permeability and good biocompatibility making, these materials attractive for use in cell encapsulation and tissue engineering applications. A number of hydrogel materials can be formed via photopolymerization processes mild enough to be carried out in the presence of living cells. This allows one to homogeneously seed cells throughout the scaffold material and to form hydrogels in situ. This review presents advantages of photopolymerization of hydrogels and describes the photoinitiators and materials in current use. Applications of photopolymerized hydrogels in tissue engineering that have been investigated are summarized.", "publicationTitle": "Biomaterials", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "November 2002", "volume": "23", "issue": "22", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "4307-4314", "series": "Injectable Polymeric Biomaterials", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Biomaterials", "DOI": "10.1016/S0142-9612(02)00175-8", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142961202001758", "accessDate": "2014-04-16T00:48:28Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0142-9612", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Biocompatibility", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cell encapsulation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Drug delivery", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Hydrogels", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Photopolymerization", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Tissue engineering", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-04-16T00:48:28Z", "dateModified": "2014-04-16T00:48:28Z" } }, { "key": "T4VCMNSN", "version": 28, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 260572, "name": "Tissue Engineering", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/tissue_engineering", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/260572/items/T4VCMNSN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/tissue_engineering/items/T4VCMNSN", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 899526, "username": "esc5bh", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/esc5bh", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 1323564, "username": "mw5tj", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mw5tj", "type": "text/html" } } }, "parsedDate": "2010", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "T4VCMNSN", "version": 28, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "How long does PCR take, how much does it cost, and how much does a gel machine cost?", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "Suppose I wanted to amplify a DNA sequence using PCR. 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