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In this study, physical setting, traffic potential, route options and political issues of the Arctic Sea Route are discussed.", "publicationTitle": "International Journal of Shipping and Transport Logistics", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "January 1, 2009", "volume": "1", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "55-73", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1504/IJSTL.2009.021976", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJSTL.2009.021976", "accessDate": "2014-05-21T13:21:37Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "MetaPress", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "2BPIFAK8" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-05-21T13:21:37Z", "dateModified": "2014-05-21T13:21:37Z" } }, { "key": "GFGV4S57", "version": 280, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 257913, "name": "Arctic", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arctic", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/257913/items/GFGV4S57", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arctic/items/GFGV4S57", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/257913/items/3Z6E2QA3", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1215038, "username": "mefourni", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mefourni", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "GFGV4S57", "version": 280, "parentItem": "3Z6E2QA3", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Les détroits arctiques canadiens et russes | Érudit | Cahiers de géographie du Québec v48 n135 2004, p. 397-425 |", "accessDate": "2014-05-21T13:19:00Z", "url": "http://www.erudit.org/revue/cgq/2004/v48/n135/011799ar.html?vue=resume", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "011799ar.html", "md5": "1de65f0f0df0ca2c9d4efcab400e17cd", "mtime": 1400678339000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-05-21T13:19:00Z", "dateModified": "2014-05-21T13:19:00Z" } }, { "key": "4N7AJ5CF", "version": 278, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 257913, "name": "Arctic", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arctic", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/257913/items/4N7AJ5CF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arctic/items/4N7AJ5CF", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/257913/items/9SI8TR9C", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1215038, "username": "mefourni", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mefourni", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "4N7AJ5CF", "version": 278, "parentItem": "9SI8TR9C", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2014-05-21T12:41:35Z", "url": "http://pubs.casi.ca/doi/abs/10.5589/m03-062", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "m03-062.html", "md5": "5ee1a329b1dbf7355696b6347680d336", "mtime": 1400676094000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-05-21T12:41:35Z", "dateModified": "2014-05-21T12:41:35Z" } }, { "key": "9SI8TR9C", "version": 277, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 257913, "name": "Arctic", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arctic", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/257913/items/9SI8TR9C", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arctic/items/9SI8TR9C", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1215038, "username": "mefourni", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mefourni", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Howell and Yackel", "parsedDate": "2004-04-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "9SI8TR9C", "version": 277, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A vessel transit assessment of sea ice variability in the Western Arctic, 1969–2002: implications for ship navigation", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S E.L.", "lastName": "Howell" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J J", "lastName": "Yackel" } ], "abstractNote": "Des recherches récentes ont permis d'observer une réduction des superficies recouvertes de glace de mer dans les régions arctiques, laissant présager le prolongement de la saison de navigation dans le Passage du Nord-ouest (PNO). Jusqu'à maintenant, aucune preuve scientifique n'avait été apportée, dans le contexte de la navigation maritime, pour soutenir la thèse d'un trafic maritime accru. Le principe du numéral glaciel (NG) du Système des régimes de glaces pour la navigation dans l'Arctique (AIRSS) qui contrôle les activités de navigation dans les eaux arctiques canadiennes était assimilé spatialement avec la base de données historiques numériques du Service canadien des glaces (SCG) par le biais d'un système d'information géographique (SIG). Le système de numéral glaciel fournit un cadre quantifiable pour l'examen historique de l'état des glaces dans le contexte de la navigation maritime. Les résultats fournissent une évaluation spatiale et temporelle de la variabilité de la navigation maritime dans le contexte du transit par navire de 1969–2002 pour la partie ouest du PNO. Les routes possibles dans le PNO sont sujettes à une variabilité inter-annuelle extrême dans les valeurs de NG au cours des 34 dernières années. Des fluctuations annuelles dans les valeurs de NG sont potentiellement attribuables à la fréquence des épisodes de glace multi-années (GMA). La côte ouest de l'île Banks connaît depuis 1991 des valeurs plus faibles de NG, ce qui pourrait constituer une barrière potentielle à la navigation totale dans le PNO. Il a aussi été possible de démontrer que des diminutions de NG sont potentiellement associées avec le signal positif de l'indice de l'oscillation arctique (OA). Il a aussi été possible d'établir que des invasions de GMA en haute latitude dans les voies de navigation du PNO pourraient constituer un défi pour le routage des navires dans le futur dans le contexte du réchauffement du climat.[Traduit par la Rédaction]", "publicationTitle": "Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "April 1, 2004", "volume": "30", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "205-215", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing", "DOI": "10.5589/m03-062", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://pubs.casi.ca/doi/abs/10.5589/m03-062", "accessDate": "2014-05-21T12:41:33Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "A vessel transit assessment of sea ice variability in the Western Arctic, 1969–2002", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "pubs.casi.ca (Atypon)", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "2BPIFAK8" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-05-21T12:41:33Z", "dateModified": "2014-05-21T12:41:33Z" } }, { "key": "MZ9DFS98", "version": 276, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 257913, "name": "Arctic", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arctic", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/257913/items/MZ9DFS98", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arctic/items/MZ9DFS98", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/257913/items/U9NBGUE6", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1215038, "username": "mefourni", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mefourni", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "MZ9DFS98", "version": 276, "parentItem": "U9NBGUE6", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2014-05-21T12:36:42Z", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2006GL026180/abstract", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "abstract.html", "md5": "040b2c783004c4de93db2372dac693ca", "mtime": 1400675802000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-05-21T12:36:42Z", "dateModified": "2014-05-21T12:36:42Z" } }, { "key": "U9NBGUE6", "version": 275, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 257913, "name": "Arctic", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arctic", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/257913/items/U9NBGUE6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arctic/items/U9NBGUE6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1215038, "username": "mefourni", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mefourni", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Granier et al.", "parsedDate": "2006-07-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "U9NBGUE6", "version": 275, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Ozone pollution from future ship traffic in the Arctic northern passages", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Claire", "lastName": "Granier" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ulrike", "lastName": "Niemeier" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Johann H.", "lastName": "Jungclaus" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Louisa", "lastName": "Emmons" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Peter", "lastName": "Hess" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jean-François", "lastName": "Lamarque" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stacy", "lastName": "Walters" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Guy P.", "lastName": "Brasseur" } ], "abstractNote": "With sea ice expected to recede in the Arctic during the 21st century as a result of projected climate warming, global shipping patterns will change considerably in the decades ahead. The opening of viable shipping routes through the Northern passages will generate new environmental problems including the degradation of air quality in the Arctic. The release of considerable amounts of carbon monoxide, nitric oxide and other chemical substances by the ship's combustion engines will enhance the level of atmospheric photooxidants and other secondary pollutants in this region. Here we show that, during the summer months, surface ozone concentrations in the Arctic could be enhanced by a factor of 2–3 in the decades ahead as a consequence of ship operations through the northern passages. Projected ozone concentrations of 40–60 ppbv from July to September are comparable to summertime values currently observed in many industrialized regions in the Northern Hemisphere.", "publicationTitle": "Geophysical Research Letters", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "July 1, 2006", "volume": "33", "issue": "13", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "L13807", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Geophys. Res. 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"filename": "the-northern-sea-route-trends-and-prospects-of-commercial-use-rHIAnrU0ac.html", "md5": "712fe236a69a43c5bd47bde95fbd15a0", "mtime": 1400675548000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-05-21T12:32:28Z", "dateModified": "2014-05-21T12:32:28Z" } }, { "key": "F2V3463U", "version": 273, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 257913, "name": "Arctic", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arctic", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/257913/items/F2V3463U", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arctic/items/F2V3463U", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1215038, "username": "mefourni", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mefourni", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Granberg", "parsedDate": "1998", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "F2V3463U", "version": 273, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The northern sea route: trends and prospects of commercial use", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alexander G.", "lastName": "Granberg" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Ocean & Coastal Management", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "11/1998", "volume": "41", "issue": "2-3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "175-207", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/S0964-5691(98)00064-7", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0964569198000647", "accessDate": "2014-05-21T12:32:25Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "09645691", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The northern sea route", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "SGS2SWQT" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-05-21T12:32:25Z", "dateModified": 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