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As governments face financial difficulties, there is pressure placed on the existing procurement processes to expect more and more of ship operators while at the same time holding the line on operator subsidies, if they exist. This research article examines shipping services and management practices in Canada's eastern Arctic (Nunavut population 33,000) and contrast them with those in Greenland (population 56,000). Greenland appears to benefit from more modern vessels provided by a single corporate entity (Royal Arctic Line) while Canadian operations suffer from lack of investment and a piecemeal approach. The article is based on interviews with the companies providing services and with relevant government agencies and departments, identifying the key issues and obstacles faced by ship operators and key changes they need in government procurement policies. 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} }, "creatorSummary": "IMO", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "DWAE5QNJ", "version": 8, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "IMO Navigation safety", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "IMO" } ], "abstractNote": "Webpages include information on measure to enhance navigation safety including Automatic Identification Systems (AIS), Long Range Identification and Tracking of Ships (LRIT), ship routeing, charts and pilotage", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.imo.org/OurWork/Safety/Navigation/Pages/Default.aspx", "accessDate": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-03-21T18:37:36Z", "dateModified": "2014-03-26T21:57:29Z" } }, { "key": "72VA96G9", "version": 72, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 255616, "name": "Arctic Shipping in Canada", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arctic_shipping_in_canada", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/255616/items/72VA96G9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arctic_shipping_in_canada/items/72VA96G9", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1726700, "username": "eaa", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/eaa", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 42141, "username": "sdhighleyman", "name": "Scott Highleyman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sdhighleyman", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Smith and Stephenson", "parsedDate": "2013-03-26", "numChildren": 3 }, "data": { "key": "72VA96G9", "version": 72, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "New Trans-Arctic shipping routes navigable by midcentury", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Laurence C.", "lastName": "Smith" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Scott R.", "lastName": "Stephenson" } ], "abstractNote": "Recent historic observed lows in Arctic sea ice extent, together with climate model projections of additional ice reductions in the future, have fueled speculations of potential new trans-Arctic shipping routes linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. However, numerical studies of how projected geophysical changes in sea ice will realistically impact ship navigation are lacking. To address this deficiency, we analyze seven climate model projections of sea ice properties, assuming two different climate change scenarios [representative concentration pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5] and two vessel classes, to assess future changes in peak season (September) Arctic shipping potential. By midcentury, changing sea ice conditions enable expanded September navigability for common open-water ships crossing the Arctic along the Northern Sea Route over the Russian Federation, robust new routes for moderately ice-strengthened (Polar Class 6) ships over the North Pole, and new routes through the Northwest Passage for both vessel classes. Although numerous other nonclimatic factors also limit Arctic shipping potential, these findings have important economic, strategic, environmental, and governance implications for the region.", "publicationTitle": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "03/26/2013", "volume": "110", "issue": "13", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "E1191-E1195", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "PNAS", "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.1214212110", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.pnas.org.proxy.lib.sfu.ca/content/110/13/E1191", "accessDate": "2014-03-26T13:59:56Z", "PMID": "23487747", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0027-8424, 1091-6490", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.pnas.org.proxy.lib.sfu.ca", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Climate change", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "global change", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "human–environment", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "marine transportation modeling", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "shipping routes" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-03-26T21:53:51Z", "dateModified": "2014-03-26T21:55:52Z" } }, { "key": "GE4MAQ5R", "version": 72, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 255616, "name": "Arctic Shipping in Canada", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arctic_shipping_in_canada", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/255616/items/GE4MAQ5R", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arctic_shipping_in_canada/items/GE4MAQ5R", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1726700, "username": "eaa", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/eaa", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 42141, "username": "sdhighleyman", "name": "Scott Highleyman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sdhighleyman", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Rolland et al.", "parsedDate": "2012-06-22", "numChildren": 3 }, "data": { "key": "GE4MAQ5R", "version": 72, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Evidence that ship noise increases stress in right whales", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rosalind M.", "lastName": "Rolland" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Susan E.", "lastName": "Parks" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kathleen E.", "lastName": "Hunt" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Manuel", "lastName": "Castellote" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Peter J.", "lastName": "Corkeron" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Douglas P.", "lastName": "Nowacek" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Samuel K.", "lastName": "Wasser" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Scott D.", "lastName": "Kraus" } ], "abstractNote": "Baleen whales (Mysticeti) communicate using low-frequency acoustic signals. These long-wavelength sounds can be detected over hundreds of kilometres, potentially allowing contact over large distances. Low-frequency noise from large ships (20–200 Hz) overlaps acoustic signals used by baleen whales, and increased levels of underwater noise have been documented in areas with high shipping traffic. Reported responses of whales to increased noise include: habitat displacement, behavioural changes and alterations in the intensity, frequency and intervals of calls. However, it has been unclear whether exposure to noise results in physiological responses that may lead to significant consequences for individuals or populations. Here, we show that reduced ship traffic in the Bay of Fundy, Canada, following the events of 11 September 2001, resulted in a 6 dB decrease in underwater noise with a significant reduction below 150 Hz. This noise reduction was associated with decreased baseline levels of stress-related faecal hormone metabolites (glucocorticoids) in North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis). This is the first evidence that exposure to low-frequency ship noise may be associated with chronic stress in whales, and has implications for all baleen whales in heavy ship traffic areas, and for recovery of this endangered right whale population.", "publicationTitle": "Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "06/22/2012", "volume": "279", "issue": "1737", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "2363-2368", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Proc. R. Soc. B", "DOI": "10.1098/rspb.2011.2429", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org.proxy.lib.sfu.ca/content/279/1737/2363", "accessDate": "2014-03-26T13:48:43Z", "PMID": "22319129", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0962-8452, 1471-2954", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org.proxy.lib.sfu.ca", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "glucocorticoids", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "right whales", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ship traffic", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "stress", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "underwater noise", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-03-26T21:53:51Z", "dateModified": "2014-03-26T21:55:52Z" } }, { "key": "9ZMC66XK", "version": 65, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 255616, "name": "Arctic Shipping in Canada", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arctic_shipping_in_canada", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/255616/items/9ZMC66XK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arctic_shipping_in_canada/items/9ZMC66XK", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1726700, "username": "eaa", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/eaa", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 2557484, "username": "KarenKelley", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/karenkelley", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Byers", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "9ZMC66XK", "version": 65, "itemType": "blogPost", "title": "Seven years of empty promises in the Arctic", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michael", "lastName": "Byers" } ], "abstractNote": "Stephen Harper has long touted his commitment to Arctic defence and development. But what has actually been accomplished?", "blogTitle": "National Post", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://fullcomment.nationalpost.com/2013/08/21/michael-byers-seven-years-of-empty-promises-in-the-arctic/", "accessDate": "2014-03-26T20:49:00Z", "ISSN": "", "shortTitle": "Michael Byers", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Arctic", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Canada", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Stephen Harper", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "full comment", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "politics", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-03-26T21:53:51Z", "dateModified": "2014-03-26T21:55:52Z" } }, { "key": "WM58UW48", "version": 65, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 255616, "name": "Arctic Shipping in Canada", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arctic_shipping_in_canada", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/255616/items/WM58UW48", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arctic_shipping_in_canada/items/WM58UW48", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1726700, "username": "eaa", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/eaa", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 2557484, "username": "KarenKelley", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/karenkelley", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Government of Canada", "parsedDate": "2008-03-31", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "WM58UW48", "version": 65, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Vessel Traffic Reporting Arctic Canada Traffic Zone (NORDREG)", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Fisheries and Oceans Canada", "lastName": "Government of Canada" } ], "abstractNote": "Provides information on the Vessel Traffic Reporting Arctic Canada Traffic Zone (NORDREG).", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "2008-03-31", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ccg-gcc.gc.ca/eng/MCTS/Vtr_Arctic_Canada", "accessDate": "2014-03-26T20:27:55Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "rights": "", "extra": "Provides information on the Vessel Traffic Reporting Arctic Canada Traffic Zone (NORDREG).", "tags": [ { "tag": "Vessel Traffic Reporting Arctic Canada Traffic Zone (NORDREG)", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-03-26T21:53:51Z", "dateModified": "2014-03-26T21:55:52Z" } }, { "key": "7TUGHMZM", "version": 65, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 255616, "name": "Arctic Shipping in Canada", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arctic_shipping_in_canada", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/255616/items/7TUGHMZM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arctic_shipping_in_canada/items/7TUGHMZM", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1726700, "username": "eaa", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/eaa", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 2557484, "username": "KarenKelley", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/karenkelley", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "IMO and DNV", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "7TUGHMZM", "version": 65, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "Polar Code Hazard Identification Workshop Report", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "IMO" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "DNV" } ], "abstractNote": "Det Norske Veritas Limited (DNV) was engaged by IMO to plan, perform and report on a hazard identification (Hazid) workshop in support of the development of the environmental aspects of the Polar Code. The intention is to use the Hazid process and outputs as the foundation for the IMO “Polar Code” for shipping operations in polar waters. The main objective of the workshop was to identify all the technical issues relevant to the Polar Code (routine and accidental releases from ships into the environment, potential causal factors for accidental releases and potential controls).\nThis report describes the planning, execution and outputs of the workshop, including tasks performed immediately after the workshop. It consists of\n Section 2, which describes the scope and objectives of the workshop.\n Section 3, which describes the purpose of the workshop relative to the preparation of the Polar Code. It also states how the workshop outputs should be interpreted both from a wider Polar Code formulation point of view and from the more technical perspective that generic statements concerning harm or causes will always depend on the exact circumstances of an incident (its context).\n Section 4, which describes why the polar regions are special and need additional protection by the Polar Code.\n Section 5, which describes the workshop process and references the workshop outputs which are included in full in the Appendices.\n Section 6, which briefly summarises the report and describes some identified areas where additional information or systems could be used to increase safety and/ or reduce environmental impacts from shipping in polar waters.", "proceedingsTitle": "", "conferenceName": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "IMO" }, { "tag": "Polar Code" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-03-26T21:53:51Z", "dateModified": "2014-03-26T21:55:52Z" } }, { "key": "QBC9WJWK", "version": 65, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 255616, "name": "Arctic Shipping in Canada", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arctic_shipping_in_canada", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/255616/items/QBC9WJWK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arctic_shipping_in_canada/items/QBC9WJWK", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1726700, "username": "eaa", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/eaa", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 2557484, "username": "KarenKelley", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/karenkelley", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Transport Canada", "parsedDate": "2013-01-25", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "QBC9WJWK", "version": 65, "itemType": "document", "title": "Places of Refuge Contingency Plan Praire and Northern Region", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "Transport Canada" } ], "abstractNote": "", "type": "", "date": "25 January 2013", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "places of refuge" }, { "tag": "transport canada" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-03-26T21:53:51Z", "dateModified": "2014-03-26T21:55:52Z" } }, { "key": "IS47TV74", "version": 64, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 255616, "name": "Arctic Shipping in Canada", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arctic_shipping_in_canada", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/255616/items/IS47TV74", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arctic_shipping_in_canada/items/IS47TV74", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1726700, "username": "eaa", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/eaa", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 2557484, "username": "KarenKelley", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/karenkelley", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Pizzolato et al.", "parsedDate": "2013-09", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "IS47TV74", "version": 64, "itemType": "report", "title": "Climate Change Adaptation Assessment for Transportation in Arctic Waters (CATAW) Scoping Study", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L", "lastName": "Pizzolato" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Howell" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Dawson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L.", "lastName": "Copeland" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C.", "lastName": "Derksen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Johnston" } ], "abstractNote": "This scoping study report presents the preliminary analysis of:\n1) changing shipping movements in the Canadian Arctic from 1990 to 2011\nby total shipping volume and vessel type, and 2) the relationship between\nchanging shipping patterns and sea ice reduction and variability.\n• There has been a significant increase in shipping volume over the past\ndecade. Overall vessel counts increased by 40% from 2006 to 2007 and\nby 20% from 2007 to 2011. Accounting for annual variability, total vessel\nvolume1 has increased by more than 75% over the past decade.\n• The most dramatic increase in marine activity involves the rapidly evolving\npleasure craft industry (e.g., small vessel recreational boating), which is\nexpected to continue to increase in the near future. The traffic categories of\npassenger vessels, government vessels and icebreakers, and bulk carriers are\nalso on the rise.\n• The shipping season is getting longer. Combined monthly vessel count\ntrends for all vessels show statistically significant increases in travel during\nthe shoulder season months of June and November. The shipping season is\nbeginning earlier for some vessel types (e.g., Fishing Vessels, Tanker Ships) and\nextending later into November for other vessel types (e.g., General Cargo).\n• During the shipping season (June 25 to October 15) sea ice in the NORDREG\nzone experienced declines of total ice, multi-year ice and first year ice over\nthe period 1990–2011 that are statistically significant. Decreasing multi-year\nice combined with increased prevalence of younger and thinner first year\nice can increase ease of navigation. The greatest reductions in multi-year ice\noccurred in September through November.\n• Shipping activity has increased in a stepwise manner coincident with the\n2007 extreme ice minima, which has persisted in all summers since.", "reportNumber": "", "reportType": "", "institution": "Transport Canada", "place": "", "date": "September 2013", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Canada" }, { "tag": "Climate change" }, { "tag": "transportation" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-03-26T21:53:51Z", "dateModified": "2014-03-26T21:55:52Z" } }, { "key": "7GZFH5II", "version": 64, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 255616, "name": "Arctic Shipping in Canada", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arctic_shipping_in_canada", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/255616/items/7GZFH5II", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arctic_shipping_in_canada/items/7GZFH5II", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1726700, "username": "eaa", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/eaa", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 2557484, "username": "KarenKelley", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/karenkelley", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Tanker Safety Panel Secretariat", "parsedDate": "2013", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "7GZFH5II", "version": 64, "itemType": "report", "title": "A Review of Canada's Ship-Source Oil Spill Preparednedd and Response Regime: Setting the Course for the Future", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "Tanker Safety Panel Secretariat" } ], "abstractNote": "We have completed the first phase of our review, which was focused on the current Ship-source Oil Spill Preparedness and Response Regime south of the 60th parallel. Generally, we found that the foundational principles of the Regime have stood the test of time, but that there are a number of areas that could be improved to enhance Canada’s preparedness and response to ship-source oil spills. Five key assumptions underpin our recommendations for improving the Regime:\n• Spill planning and the response resources allocated to prepare for spills should be based on risks specific to a geographic area.\n• Potential polluters should be prepared, through their contracted Response Organizations, to arrange a response to a worst-case scenario through cascading resources and mutual assistance agreements that supplement a\nresponse organization’s risk-based response capacity.\n• A timely response to a spill is a key factor in mitigating its effects.\n• Response planning should be focused on whatever strategies are identified for a geographic area that will most effectively limit the environmental, socio-economic impacts of a spill.\n• Canadian taxpayers should not bear any liability for spills in Canadian waters.\nAfter careful deliberation, we offer recommendations on the following pages\nthat address our key findings and assumptions. We believe these recommendations are achievable and affordable, and will set the course to enhance Canada’s Ship-source Oil Spill Preparedness and Response Regime, including its liability and compensation component.", "reportNumber": "", "reportType": "", "institution": "Transport Canada", "place": "", "date": "2013", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "71", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Tanker Safety Panel" }, { "tag": "emergency preparedness" }, { "tag": "oil spill" }, { "tag": "response" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-03-26T21:53:51Z", "dateModified": "2014-03-26T21:55:52Z" } }, { "key": "FISMUKBP", "version": 64, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 255616, "name": "Arctic Shipping in Canada", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arctic_shipping_in_canada", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/255616/items/FISMUKBP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/arctic_shipping_in_canada/items/FISMUKBP", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1726700, "username": "eaa", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/eaa", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 2557484, "username": "KarenKelley", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/karenkelley", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Government of Canada; Transport Canada; Safety and Security", "parsedDate": "2012-01-13", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "FISMUKBP", "version": 64, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Oil Tanker Safety and Pollution Prevention", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marine Safety", "lastName": 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