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            "abstractNote": "This article was originally published in Theory and Society 15 (5), 1986, pp. 635655. The editors of Basic Income Studies are grateful to Springer Verlag for permission to reprint this article as lead piece in this retrospective. A first draft of this text was written in May 1983 by Van Parijs under the title \"The Capitalist Transition to Communism: A Radical Alternative\" and was circulated for discussion at the third meeting of the September Group (London, September 1983). It aimed to establish a link between Van Parijs's own first formulation of the argument for basic income (\"L'allocation universelle,\" Ecolo-Infos, 16 February 1983) and van der Veen's formal model of the transition from socialism to communism (\"From Contribution to Needs,\" Acta Politica 19, 1984). A significantly expanded version, co authored by van der Veen and Van Parijs, was finalized in the Spring of 1985, and provided the lead piece for the symposium published in Theory and Society 15(5), 1986, with contributions by Johannes Berger, Joseph Carens, Jon Elster, Alec Nove, Adam Przeworski and Erik Olin Wright, and a reply by van der Veen and Van Parijs (\"Universal Grants Versus Socialism\"). The piece was subsequently republished, in the original or in translation, in Van Parijs's Marxism Recycled (Cambridge, 1993), in Umbau des Sozialstaats (Opielka and Ostner, eds., Essen, 1987,) and in Zona Abierta (46/47, 1988).",
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            "abstractNote": "Dans cet article, j'explique pourquoi la notion de \"liberté réelle\" forgée par Ph. Van Parijs ne permet pas de saisir les raisons fondamentales pour lesquelles une protection sociale adéquate doit inclure un revenu inconditionnel. La \"liberté réelle\", la liberté de faire tout ce que l'on pourrait vouloir faire, n'est ni la liberté la plus importante dont devraient bénéficier les individus, ni une liberté qui justifie nécessairement des allocations inconditionnelles permettant de couvrir les besoins de base d'une personne. Il n'est peut-être tout simplement pas possible de déterminer le type de redistribution qui fournit aux individus le plus de \"liberté réelle\". La société devrait plutôt se focaliser sur la protection des libertés les plus importantes, à commencer par la liberté d'entrer volontairement dans une interaction, et celle de refuser les interactions non-souhaitées: le pouvoir de dire non. Cette conception de la liberté fournit une justification convaincante du caractère inconditionnel de l'allocation universelle.",
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            "abstractNote": "This whole program is voluntary ... The men don't have to ... if they don't want to. But we need you to starve them to death if they don't (Joseph Heller, Catch-22). This article considers two concepts put forward by van Donselaar in a case against basic income: ‘the abuse of rights’, i.e. receiving income from an asset one has no interest in working with; and ‘Donselaarian exploitation’, i.e. A exploits B if A is better off and B worse off than either of them would have been in the other's absence. This article argues that these concepts do not imply a solid case against unconditional transfers. Most of van Donselaar's conclusions rely on two-person examples with very specific assumptions about preferences. Under other reasonable assumptions, unconditional transfers do not involve the abuse of rights or exploitation and the proposed solution of work requirements can actually cause abuse and exploitation.",
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            "abstractNote": "Here, I shall focus on another, quite different\nconception of fairness, the one formulated by David\nGauthier under the name of equal relative benefit\nand precisely used by him to articulate his condemnation of free riding. I shall concede - in part against Gauthier himself - that his criterion does provide an attractive criterion for allocating burdens in the presence of externalities such as the one illustrated by my father-in-law example. But I am not thereby forced to concede, I shall argue, that an unconditional basic income is unfair. Indeed, Gauthier's own treatment of factor rents indicates how the legitimacy of an unconditional basic income can be vindicated, consistently with the adoption of his proposal as a criterion of fair cooperation.",
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