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The main finding of the review is that, left to market forces, the CDM does not significantly contribute to sustainable development.", "publicationTitle": "Climatic Change", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2007/09/01", "volume": "84", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "59-73", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Climatic Change", "DOI": "10.1007/s10584-007-9267-y", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10584-007-9267-y", "accessDate": "2014-04-15T22:33:02Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0165-0009, 1573-1480", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The clean development mechanism’s contribution to sustainable development", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "link.springer.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-04-15T22:33:02Z", "dateModified": "2014-04-15T22:33:02Z" } }, { "key": "IJM76QX8", "version": 56, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 254192, "name": "ECON 260 Research Project Sources", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/econ_260_research_project_sources", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/254192/items/IJM76QX8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/econ_260_research_project_sources/items/IJM76QX8", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/254192/items/WZGKM6SC", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1274340, "username": "laurelgarrett", "name": "Laurel Garrett", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/laurelgarrett", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "IJM76QX8", "version": 56, "parentItem": "WZGKM6SC", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2014-04-15T22:33:02Z", "url": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs10584-007-9267-y.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-04-15T22:33:02Z", "dateModified": "2014-04-15T22:33:02Z" } }, { "key": "RBIMWW9D", "version": 37, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 254192, "name": "ECON 260 Research Project Sources", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/econ_260_research_project_sources", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/254192/items/RBIMWW9D", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/econ_260_research_project_sources/items/RBIMWW9D", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 911304, "username": "ktibbett", "name": "Kyle Tibbett", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ktibbett", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 1274627, "username": "laurenscott", "name": "Lauren Scott", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/laurenscott", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Dechezleprêtre et al.", "parsedDate": "2008-04", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "RBIMWW9D", "version": 37, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Clean Development Mechanism and the international diffusion of technologies: An empirical study", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Antoine", "lastName": "Dechezleprêtre" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Matthieu", "lastName": "Glachant" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Yann", "lastName": "Ménière" } ], "abstractNote": "The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is expected to stimulate the North–South transfer of climate-friendly technologies. This paper provides an assessment of the technology transfers that take place through the CDM using a data set of 644 registered projects. It provides a detailed description of the transfers (frequency, type, by sector, by host country, etc.). It also includes an econometric analysis of their drivers. We show that transfer likeliness increases with the size of the projects. The transfer probability is 50% higher in projects implemented in a subsidiary of Annex 1 companies while the presence of an official credit buyer has a lower—albeit positive—impact. The analysis also yields interesting results on how technological capabilities of the host country influence technology diffusion in the CDM.", "publicationTitle": "Energy Policy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "April 2008", "volume": "36", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1273-1283", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Energy Policy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.enpol.2007.12.009", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421507005435", "accessDate": "2014-03-19T19:54:18Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0301-4215", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The Clean Development Mechanism and the international diffusion of technologies", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-03-19T19:54:18Z", "dateModified": "2014-04-15T21:17:41Z" } 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Mechanism (CDM) allows industrialized countries to comply with the Kyoto Protocol by using carbon offsets from developing countries. There are two puzzles within this carbon market: additionality (the proposed activity would not have occurred in its absence) and co-benefits (the project has other environmental benefits besides climate mitigation). This paper proposes an econometric approach to evaluate the CDM effect on sulfur dioxide emission reductions and assess its additionality indirectly. Our empirical model is applied to China's emissions at the prefecture level. We found that the CDM does not have a statistically significant effect in lowering sulfur dioxide emissions. This result casts doubt on additionality of these CDM activities, that is, they would have happened anyway.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Environmental Economics and Management", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "September 2011", "volume": "62", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "140-154", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Journal of Environmental Economics and Management", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jeem.2011.03.003", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0095069611000301", "accessDate": "2014-04-13T19:31:33Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0095-0696", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Co-benefits and additionality of the clean development mechanism", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-04-13T19:31:33Z", "dateModified": "2014-04-13T19:31:33Z" } }, { "key": "3AIRR5ZQ", "version": 56, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 254192, "name": "ECON 260 Research Project Sources", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/econ_260_research_project_sources", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/254192/items/3AIRR5ZQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/econ_260_research_project_sources/items/3AIRR5ZQ", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/254192/items/ZDNRV3HQ", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1274340, "username": "laurelgarrett", "name": "Laurel Garrett", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/laurelgarrett", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "3AIRR5ZQ", "version": 56, "parentItem": "ZDNRV3HQ", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "ScienceDirect Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2014-04-13T19:31:33Z", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0095069611000301/pdfft?md5=8bf260f1153b5c55c1d8bebcac5782f9&pid=1-s2.0-S0095069611000301-main.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-04-13T19:31:33Z", "dateModified": "2014-04-13T19:31:33Z" } }, { "key": "EIC7973D", "version": 36, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 254192, "name": "ECON 260 Research Project Sources", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/econ_260_research_project_sources", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/254192/items/EIC7973D", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/econ_260_research_project_sources/items/EIC7973D", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1274627, "username": "laurenscott", "name": "Lauren Scott", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/laurenscott", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Krey", "parsedDate": "2005-12", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "EIC7973D", "version": 36, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Transaction costs of unilateral CDM projects in India–results from an empirical survey", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Matthias", "lastName": "Krey" } ], "abstractNote": "Recently, transaction costs in the context of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) gained considerable attention as they were generally perceived to be significantly higher than for the other Kyoto Mechanisms. However, empirical evidence on the amount of transaction costs of CDM projects is very scarce. This paper presents the results from an empirical survey designed to quantify transaction costs of potential non-sink CDM projects in India. The definition of transaction costs of CDM projects was derived from recent literature and observations made in the current market for Certified Emission Reductions (CERs). During the survey, parts of transaction costs of 15 projects were quantified. An assessment of the results showed that specific transaction costs depend, to a large extent, on economies of scale in terms of total amount of CERs generated over the crediting period. Total transaction costs were quantified for seven projects. The costs range from 0.07 to 0.47 $US/t CO2. As the projects have an emission reduction between 0.24 Mt CO2 and 5.00 Mt CO2 over the crediting period, the results support the assumption of Michaelowa et al. (Climate Policy 3 (2003) 273) that projects with emission reductions smaller than 0.20 Mt CO2 are not economically viable at current CER prices.", "publicationTitle": "Energy Policy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "December 2005", "volume": "33", "issue": "18", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "2385-2397", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Energy Policy", "DOI": "10.1016/j.enpol.2004.05.008", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421504001612", "accessDate": "2014-04-12T00:53:31Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0301-4215", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-04-12T00:53:31Z", "dateModified": "2014-04-12T00:53:31Z" } }, { "key": "EUETBE85", "version": 35, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 254192, "name": "ECON 260 Research Project Sources", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/econ_260_research_project_sources", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/254192/items/EUETBE85", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/econ_260_research_project_sources/items/EUETBE85", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1274627, "username": "laurenscott", "name": "Lauren Scott", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/laurenscott", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Gundimeda", "parsedDate": "2004-06", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "EUETBE85", "version": 35, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "How ‘sustainable’ is the ‘sustainable development objective’ of CDM in developing countries like India?", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Haripriya", "lastName": "Gundimeda" } ], "abstractNote": "The rural poor and landless require resilient, sustainable livelihood systems that are flexible in the short term due to dependence on multiple products. The Kyoto Protocol requires that Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects result in long-term benefits related to the mitigation of climate change. This long-term requirement to keep carbon in storage may conflict with the short-term needs of the poor. The objective of this paper is to examine the potential implications of the Land use change and forestry (LUCF) projects to the rural livelihoods in India. For this purpose the paper uses a linearised version of the almost ideal demand system (LA-AIDS) to analyse data collected from 69 206 rural households in India. Based on the analysis, the paper concludes that for CDM to be sustainable and result in sustainable development of the local people, three important criteria should be satisfied: (1) Integrating the energy substitution possibilities in the objectives of carbon sequestration; (2) Management of the CPR lands by the rural poor through proper design of the rules for sustenance of user groups; and (3) Ensuring that the maximum revenue from carbon sequestration is channelled to the rural poor. Otherwise CDM would just result in either leakage of carbon benefits or have negative welfare implications for the poor.", "publicationTitle": "Forest Policy and Economics", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "June 2004", "volume": "6", "issue": "3–4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "329-343", "series": "Economics of Sustainable Forest Management", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Forest Policy and Economics", "DOI": "10.1016/j.forpol.2004.03.008", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389934104000334", "accessDate": "2014-04-12T00:52:59Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1389-9341", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-04-12T00:52:59Z", "dateModified": "2014-04-12T00:52:59Z" } }, { "key": "JTIE5DFS", "version": 34, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 254192, "name": "ECON 260 Research Project Sources", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/econ_260_research_project_sources", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/254192/items/JTIE5DFS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/econ_260_research_project_sources/items/JTIE5DFS", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1274627, "username": "laurenscott", "name": "Lauren Scott", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/laurenscott", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kirkman et al.", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "JTIE5DFS", "version": 34, "itemType": "report", "title": "Benefits of the CDM up to 2012", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Grant A.", "lastName": "Kirkman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stephen", "lastName": "Seres" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Erik", "lastName": "Haites" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Randall", "lastName": "Spalding-Fecher" } ], "abstractNote": "The second benefits report updates the previous report (2011) adding several new elements on the overall impact of the CDM. In addition to updates on the claimed contribution of CDM project activities to sustainable development, transfer of technology it includes revised estimates of finance and costs for various types of projects, new estimates of savings and revenue due to the use of CERs, examines differences between CDM and non-CDM projects and provides opportunities for improvement in the regional distribution of the CDM.", "reportNumber": "2", "reportType": "", "institution": "UNFCCC", "place": "", "date": "2012", "seriesTitle": "Benefits of the Clean Development Mechanism", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "97", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://cdm.unfccc.int/about/dev_ben/about/dev_ben/ABC_2012.pdf", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "92-9219-097-0", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-04-11T23:04:50Z", "dateModified": "2014-04-11T23:11:26Z" } }, { "key": "TBRTZP3K", "version": 56, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 254192, "name": "ECON 260 Research Project Sources", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/econ_260_research_project_sources", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/254192/items/TBRTZP3K", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/econ_260_research_project_sources/items/TBRTZP3K", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/254192/items/EPP8AZDX", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1274340, "username": "laurelgarrett", "name": "Laurel Garrett", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/laurelgarrett", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "TBRTZP3K", "version": 56, "parentItem": "EPP8AZDX", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "ScienceDirect Snapshot", "accessDate": "2014-04-09T04:33:45Z", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032112001013", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-04-09T04:33:45Z", "dateModified": "2014-04-09T04:33:45Z" } }, { "key": "EPP8AZDX", "version": 56, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 254192, "name": "ECON 260 Research Project Sources", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/econ_260_research_project_sources", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/254192/items/EPP8AZDX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/econ_260_research_project_sources/items/EPP8AZDX", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1274340, "username": "laurelgarrett", "name": "Laurel Garrett", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/laurelgarrett", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Nautiyal and Varun", "parsedDate": "2012-06", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "EPP8AZDX", "version": 56, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Progress in renewable energy under clean development mechanism in India", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Himanshu", "lastName": "Nautiyal" }, { "creatorType": "author", "name": "Varun" } ], "abstractNote": "Kyoto protocol was the first agreement regarding control of climate change problems. Clean development mechanism (CDM) was included in the Kyoto protocol to promote sustainable development in developing countries (non-Annex I countries) and assist developed countries (Annex I countries) to achieve their emission reduction targets. CDM allows trading of emissions reductions and helps to increase sustainable development in a developing country and reduce global emissions in developed country. Renewable energy sources are the appropriate alternatives for sustainable development through CDM. India is one of the emerging nations in renewable energy sector. Government of India is trying to enhance energy generation through renewable and carbon trading. This paper shows the current status and progress of renewable energy through CDM in India.", "publicationTitle": "Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "June 2012", "volume": "16", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "2913-2919", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews", "DOI": "10.1016/j.rser.2012.02.008", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032112001013", "accessDate": "2014-04-09T04:33:45Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1364-0321", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-04-09T04:33:45Z", "dateModified": "2014-04-09T04:33:45Z" } }, { "key": "DEK2MXUW", "version": 56, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 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"contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-04-09T04:31:26Z", "dateModified": "2014-04-09T04:31:26Z" } }, { "key": "D4XPUPF5", "version": 56, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 254192, "name": "ECON 260 Research Project Sources", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/econ_260_research_project_sources", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/254192/items/D4XPUPF5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/econ_260_research_project_sources/items/D4XPUPF5", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/254192/items/N23JQX4J", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1274340, "username": "laurelgarrett", "name": "Laurel Garrett", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/laurelgarrett", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "D4XPUPF5", "version": 56, "parentItem": "N23JQX4J", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2014-04-09T04:31:26Z", "url": "http://www.futureoffoodjournal.org/index.php/journal/article/download/20/10", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-04-09T04:31:26Z", "dateModified": "2014-04-09T04:31:26Z" } }, { "key": "N23JQX4J", "version": 56, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 254192, "name": "ECON 260 Research Project Sources", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/econ_260_research_project_sources", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/254192/items/N23JQX4J", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/econ_260_research_project_sources/items/N23JQX4J", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1274340, "username": "laurelgarrett", "name": "Laurel Garrett", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/laurelgarrett", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Moniz", "parsedDate": "2013-07-31", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "N23JQX4J", "version": 56, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "India’s Carbon Governance: The Clean Development Mechanism", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Maria da Graça Canto", "lastName": "Moniz" } ], "abstractNote": "India’s Carbon Governance: The Clean Development Mechanism", "publicationTitle": "Future of Food: Journal on Food, Agriculture and Society", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2013/07/31", "volume": "1", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "37-48", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.futureoffoodjournal.org/index.php/journal/article/view/20", "accessDate": "2014-04-09T04:31:26Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "2197-411X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "India’s Carbon Governance", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.futureoffoodjournal.org", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Covering letter The author must sign the covering letter to be accepted in to the “Future of Food Journal on Food, Agriculture and Society “and signs for accept responsibility to release the research paper on behalf of all co-authors. Statutory Declaration I hereby declare that the following work is an original research.  The corresponding authors, who sign this letter, is allowed by the coauthors to submit the manuscript to this journal and ensures that they have seen and approved the final version of the paper among themselves. I /We have not incorporated any other works, aids, or materials completely or in part without proper documentation.  All references to other works, either explicit or indirect, have been clearly cited with the correct source data and listed on the reference page.  I have aware that the results of the manuscript cannot have had financial manipulate or resulted in any conflicts of interest.  I am familiar with the methodology of proper citation. I responsible for if any issue regarding citation (plagiarism) in the text not by the publisher of the “Journal on Food, Agriculture and Society”. I sign this declaration in my consensus without any oppression or pressure of other person. Full Name of the corresponding author:-   ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Author/ authors’ full name (if applicable)   …………………………………………………………………………………………………...   Name of Institute:- …………………………………………………………………………………………………   Signature of the corresponding author / Authors   ……………………………………..   Date ………………………………………………..   Place………………………………………………", "extra": "Carbon Governance systems – institutional arrangements in place for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions – are different in emerging countries. Indeed, carbon is the same everywhere but Carbon Governance isn’t: in Brazil, the financial community is actively interested in carbon trading, but Chinese banks have hardly any interest in it; and while the Chinese government takes an active interest in providing capacity to project developers, the Brazilian authorities see their role uniquely as guarantors of environmental integrity of emissions reductions projects.  In the case of India, carbon governance offers specific features of patterns and interactions mostly because India strongly developed the Clean Development Mechanism and its market. This article proposes a study to the research and understanding of how exactly carbon governance works in the Indian case, knowing that India is the second largest host of CDM projects.", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-04-09T04:31:26Z", "dateModified": "2014-04-09T04:31:26Z" } }, { "key": "DRCAXT8J", "version": 56, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 254192, "name": "ECON 260 Research Project Sources", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/econ_260_research_project_sources", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/254192/items/DRCAXT8J", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/econ_260_research_project_sources/items/DRCAXT8J", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/254192/items/IMW2J3Q6", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1274340, "username": "laurelgarrett", "name": "Laurel Garrett", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/laurelgarrett", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "DRCAXT8J", "version": 56, "parentItem": "IMW2J3Q6", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2014-04-09T04:30:19Z", "url": "http://reep.oxfordjournals.org/content/5/1/131.full.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-04-09T04:30:19Z", "dateModified": "2014-04-09T04:30:19Z" } }, { "key": "K9DTPV4X", "version": 56, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 254192, "name": "ECON 260 Research Project Sources", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/econ_260_research_project_sources", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/254192/items/K9DTPV4X", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/econ_260_research_project_sources/items/K9DTPV4X", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/254192/items/IMW2J3Q6", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1274340, "username": "laurelgarrett", "name": "Laurel Garrett", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/laurelgarrett", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "K9DTPV4X", "version": 56, "parentItem": "IMW2J3Q6", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2014-04-09T04:30:19Z", "url": "http://reep.oxfordjournals.org/content/5/1/131.short", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-04-09T04:30:19Z", "dateModified": "2014-04-09T04:30:19Z" } }, { "key": "IMW2J3Q6", "version": 56, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 254192, "name": "ECON 260 Research Project Sources", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/econ_260_research_project_sources", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/254192/items/IMW2J3Q6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/econ_260_research_project_sources/items/IMW2J3Q6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1274340, "username": "laurelgarrett", "name": "Laurel Garrett", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/laurelgarrett", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Popp", "parsedDate": "2011-01-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "IMW2J3Q6", "version": 56, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "International Technology Transfer, Climate Change, and the Clean Development Mechanism", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David", "lastName": "Popp" } ], "abstractNote": "As the developed world begins efforts to limit its emissions of greenhouse gases, economic growth in developing countries is causing increased emissions from the developing world. Reducing these emissions while still enabling developing countries to grow requires the use of climate-friendly technologies in these countries. In most cases, these technologies are first created in high-income countries. Thus, the challenge for climate policy is to encourage the transfer of these climate-friendly technologies to the developing world. This article reviews the economic literature on environmental technology transfer and discusses the implications of this literature for climate policy, focusing on the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). A key point is that technology diffusion is gradual. Early adoption of policy by developed countries leads to the development of new technologies that make it easier for developing countries to reduce pollution as well. Since clean technologies are first developed in the world's leading economies, international trade and foreign investments provide access to these technologies. Moreover, evidence suggests that some technologies, such as those enhancing energy efficiency, will diffuse to developing countries even without the aid of policy prescriptions, such as the CDM. This is important for assessing the potential emissions reductions of proposed CDM projects.", "publicationTitle": "Review of Environmental Economics and Policy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "01/01/2011", "volume": "5", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "131-152", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Rev Environ Econ Policy", "DOI": "10.1093/reep/req018", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://reep.oxfordjournals.org/content/5/1/131", "accessDate": "2014-04-09T04:30:19Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1750-6816, 1750-6824", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "reep.oxfordjournals.org", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-04-09T04:30:19Z", "dateModified": "2014-04-09T04:30:19Z" } }, { "key": "QM3SPD4R", "version": 56, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 254192, "name": "ECON 260 Research Project Sources", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/econ_260_research_project_sources", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/254192/items/QM3SPD4R", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/econ_260_research_project_sources/items/QM3SPD4R", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/254192/items/Q9QXPWUB", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1274340, "username": "laurelgarrett", "name": "Laurel Garrett", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/laurelgarrett", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "QM3SPD4R", "version": 56, "parentItem": "Q9QXPWUB", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "ScienceDirect Snapshot", "accessDate": "2014-04-09T04:28:51Z", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140988311000168", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-04-09T04:28:51Z", "dateModified": "2014-04-09T04:28:51Z" } } ]